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Introduction to Fruit Tree
Grafting
Joel A. Reich (M.S.)Horticulture Agent
Boulder County Extension
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Why do we graft?
z Not true from seed
z Weak root system
z Speed up conversion/productionz Dwarfing
z Novelty
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Grafting Vocabulary
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Rootstock
z That part of a tree which becomes the rootsystem of a grafted or budded tree.
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Scion
z A piece of vegetative wood from the desiredvariety containing several buds. This material
will become the top of the tree where fruit Iproduced.
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Cambium
z This is a single layer of cells between the wood
and bark of a tree or shrub that produces newcells. In grafting, the cambium of the scionmust line up as closely as possible with thecambium of the stock for a good union.
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Cultivar
z This is a term now used in place of variety. Itmeans cultivated variety
and differentiates a plant from a botanical ornatural variety.
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What Can be Grafted?
z Most varieties of a particular fruit or floweringspecies are interchangeable and can be
grafted.z Plants of the same botanical genus and
species can usually be grafted even though
they are a different variety
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What Can be Grafted?
z Plants with the same genus but of a differentspecies often can be grafted. However, the
result may be weak or short-lived, or they maynot unite at all.
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What Can be Grafted?
z Plants of different genera are less successfullygrafted, although there are some cases where
this is possible. For example, quince, genusCydonia, may be used as a dwarfing rootstock
for pear, genus Pyrus.
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What about Genetics?
z Is there a blending of genes when grafts aremade?
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Required Materials
z Sharp knife
z Grafting wax
z Budding strips (or electrical tape)z Rootstock
z
Selected scion(s)
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Types of Grafts
z Whip (a.k.a. whip and tongue)
z Budding (a.k.a. T-budding)
z Cleftz Bark
z
Side
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Whip
The whip graft is usually used for graftingroot stocks and scions but can also beused for raftin small branches.
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Budding
In budding, a single bud does the work of ascion.
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Cleft
The cleft graft is the oneto use on large branches.
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Bark
Bark grafting is relatively easy and requires no specialtools. It is similar to cleft grafting and may be
performed on branches ranging from 1 inch to severalinches in diameter.
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Side
In the side graft, the cut goes across the
grain to reduce splitting.
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Hands-On Activity
Whip andTongue graftingwith apples
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Whip Grafting
Cuts for the whip graft must
be smooth and straight.
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Whip Grafting
Push stock and scion tightlytogether.
Match the two parts together.Unless the scion and stock arethe same size, be sure the
scion is in contact with theinner bark on one side. If thetoe of either the stock or scion
extend beyond the heel of theother, cut if off evenly.
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Whip Grafting
Wrap graft to keep
cuts tight and toprevent drying.
Bind tightly with tape, then
carefully cover the unionand binding material withgrafting compound.
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Whip Grafting
Whip and tonguegraft with scionattached to root
system.
Remove wrapping as soon as the scionhas started to grow to prevent girdlingof the tree.
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Whip Grafting
Now love your
tree for a couple
years and it will
love you back
for decades