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HFE-Presentation Varna – Derfuss – 10.06.10 - p.3
Introduction
What is Human Factors Engineering (HFE)?Technical Definition
Reasons for applying HFEHistory – Accidents and IncidentsRegulations, Codes, and Standards
When to apply HFEThroughout the entire design process
How to apply HFEStructured Processes
Results of HFEModern Control Room design examples
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What is HFE?
DefinitionHFE uses the knowledge of human strengths and weaknesses to design the plant, systems, and equipment so that the human can use it effectively
HFE is not just ergonomic design of a Control RoomHFE processes are used to identify the human-centered requirements from the plant for the HSI and Control Room designHFE principles are applied to ensure that the jobs humans have to do can be done safely and efficiently
HFE is not an exercise to evaluate a completed designHFE provides input to all aspects of the design, not just what is in the Control Room
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Reasons for applying HFE
TMI AccidentThe heart of the TMI-2 accident was a simple human factors interface problem.
Chernobyl AccidentThe accident at Chernobyl was a combination of events, some of which were related to lack of operator understanding of the plant behavior and deviating from procedures.
Major Accidents
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Reasons for applying HFE
There are also incidents resulting from inadequate designHSI design – missing components, poor arrangement of componentsControl Room layout – inadequate view of indications, unable to communicateProcedures – missing steps, unclear steps, mismatch to the designTraining – unclear training material, inadequate training, missing training on key situations
Humans are a component of a system and their capabilities and limitations must be considered in the design
Human limitations, both physical and mental/psychological, can be negated when accounted for in the design
Systems will fail and humans will make errorsFailure to take actionsCorrect action taken - wrong timeIncorrect action
Human errors can be caused by:Lack of informationLack of a way to take controlLack of knowledge, procedures, or trainingComponents that are not considered in the design, training, or procedures
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Reasons for applying HFE
HFE related regulations, codes, and standards
International Conventions (mandatory for member countries)IAEA Safety Standards, General Safety Requirements Part 4 (2009)
National regulations, e.g.,GERMANY: KTAFINLAND: YVLUSA: 10 CFR 100 and 10 CFR 50
Other codes and standards (required by contract), e.g.,NUREG-0711, Rev. 2 (2004): Human Factors Engineering Program Review ModelNUREG-0700, Rev. 2 (2002): Human Systems Interface Design Review GuidelineISO 11064-1-7, Rev. E (2000): Ergonomic Design of Control CentersIEC 60964, Rev. 1 (1989): Design for Control Rooms of Nuclear Power Plants
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Reasons for applying HFE
Why should HFE be applied to nuclear?
…because regulations and international codes and standards require it!
…more customers are requiring it in the contract.…and it helps to ensure our primary goal:
PLANT SAFETYPLANT SAFETY
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When to apply HFE
HFE should be applied throughout the entire design processProvide input and guidance to the design of the plant• Ensure the human is considered when laying out equipment that has to be
manipulated or maintained• Take into account previous operating experience – maintain features that are positive,
eliminate features that are negativeSupport analyses at the beginning of the design• Identify the human-centered requirements (i.e., tasks the operator has to perform)
Develop the design (HSI, Control Room, Procedures, and Training)Verify and Validate the HFE program and the designImplement the designMonitor Human Performance
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When to apply HFE
HFE Timeline El
emen
ts
Verif
icat
ion
& V
alid
atio
nA
naly
sis
Des
ign
Impl
emen
tatio
n an
d O
pera
tion
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How to apply HFENUREG-0711 Elements
Use a structured methodThis helps to ensure HFE is integrated into the design process and that the human centered requirements are met in the Control Room and HSI design
NUREG-0711 provides 12 review areas: The supplier has to show how these elements have been realized throughout the entire design process
HFE Program ManagementOperating Experience ReviewFunctional Requirements Analysis and Function AllocationTask AnalysisStaffing and QualificationsHuman Reliability Analysis
Human System Interface DesignProcedure DevelopmentTraining Program DevelopmentVerification and ValidationDesign ImplementationHuman Performance Monitoring
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How to apply HFENUREG-0711 Elements
Human-System Interface Design
Operating Experience Review
Functional Requirements Analysis
& Functional AllocationTask Analysis Human Reliability
AnalysisStaffing &
Qualification
Training Program DevelopmentProcedure Development
Human Factors Verification &
Validation
Design Implementation
Human Performance Monitoring
PLANNING & ANALYSIS
DESIGN INPUTDESIGN INPUT HFE REQUIREMENTSHFE REQUIREMENTS
A COMPLETE DESIGN INCLUDESA COMPLETE DESIGN INCLUDESTHE HSI, THE PROCEDURES, THE HSI, THE PROCEDURES,
AND THE TRAININGAND THE TRAINING
DESIGN
DESIGN EVALUATIONDESIGN EVALUATION DESIGN REALIZATIONDESIGN REALIZATIONIMPLEMENTATION & OPERATION
VERFICATION & VALIDATION
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How to apply HFE AREVA HFE Process
AREVA is developing an internal HFE process to ensure HFE is integrated into the design:
Arrangement of the required HFE activities to a working HFE processTimeline, Schedules, Intensity, Extent
Methodology to perform the HFE activitiesData Collection, Sampling, Statistics, Comparisons, Issue Tracking
Identification of interfaces to other engineering disciplinesResponsibilitiesExchange of InformationDistribution of Work Packages
Specification of workflow standardsRequired Documents (just what has to be documented)Input and Outputs
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How to apply HFE Example
Example: HSI Design in a plant modification project
OOperatingperating EExperiencexperience RRevieweview::Operator needs to close a valve on system (A) and to monitor a level in system (B) , e.g. on Hardwired panel.System (A) was placed to far away from system (B) causing the operator to have to walk a distance to perform the task.This is regarded as not efficient
FFunctionalunctional RRequirementsequirements AAnalysisnalysis::Identify if the function (which uses system (A) and system (B)) is used to meet plant safety objectives; and are there other systems which are also required? If YES functional grouping is still necessary
FFunctionalunctional AAllocationllocation ::Should it be automated or not?If NOT TTask ask AAnalysisnalysis is required
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How to apply HFE Example
Example: HSI Design in a plant modification project (cont´d)
TTaskask AAnalysisnalysis::Analyze the indications and controls the operator needs to perform the job/ task/ function
SStaffingtaffing & Q& Qualificationualification::Who does the job/ task/ function? What qualification does this person have to hold?
HHumanuman RReliabilityeliability AAnalysisnalysis::Identification if job/ task/ function (i.e. pushing button) is risk-significant? Is it an action that has safety significant consequences if performed incorrectly?If YES Reduce the chance of operator error by enhancing
the design, i.e., relocating the control button
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How to apply HFE Example
Example: HSI Design in a plant modification project (cont´d)
PProceduresrocedures & T& Trainingraining DDevelopmentevelopment: : Supporting the HSI/ Control Room design with adequate proceduresand training
The complete design is used to ensure the primary goal: PLANT SAFETY
HFE VHFE Verificationerification & V& Validationalidation ::Evaluation of HSI/ Control Room design
Verification: Does the design meet the requirements?Validation: Does the design do what it is supposed to
do?
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How to apply HFE Example
Example: HSI Design in a plant modification project (cont´d)
Design Implementation:Design Implementation:Evaluation of the aspects of the design that could not be performed during HFE Verification and Validation
i.e., Actual Control Room lighting levelsVerifying that the as-built design conforms to the design resulting from HFE Verification and Validation
Did they really build what we designed, tested, and evaluated?
Human PerformanceHuman Performance Monitoring :Monitoring :Examination of the systems effect on operator performance over time
Necessary verification of safe plant operation
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Results of HFEHFE Design for New Plants
Ergonomic DesignPlant Environmental Conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.)
Local plant conditions• Floor plan and dimensions of
rooms• Existence of remote shutdown
station and local control panels
Plant Equipment Accessibility
Personnel Protection Equipment
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Results of HFE HFE Design for New Plants
Cognitive Design:Human System Interface (Screen and Panel Design)Level of Automation• Workload• Situational Awareness• Vigilance
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Results of HFE HFE Design for New Plants
Cognitive Design:Concept of Operations• Staffing and shift length• Who is doing what• Treatment of alarms• Communication
Alarm ManagementProceduresCommunicationTraining
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Results of HFE HFE Design for New Plants
Alarm-sequence
AlarmsSystem-DiagramsSystem
Information
Plant OverviewSystem Overview
(for both reactor and additional licensed
operators )
Large Screen 1 Large Screen 2
SafetyInformation
Trends
For Operators and Shift/ Plant Supervisors
Design to be optimized with respect to: - Monitoring of plant statusand
- Manual control by the operator
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Results of HFE Modern Control Room (New Build)
Olkiluoto-3 (OL-3) EPR Finland
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Results of HFE Modernized Control Rooms
Safety PanelSafety Functions
Safety DeskReactor Protection System Functions and Alarms
Large Screen DisplaysProcess Overview
Conventional DeskControl Rod Drive
Operational DisplaysNormal and Abnormal Operation
Panel Socket-not usable-not ergonomic
MCR OKG2 (Sweden)
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SummaryHFE- Main Aspects
Integration into the design process
Identification and application of human-centered design requirements
Design of error-tolerant systems
Iterative process consisting of evaluations and feedback loops
Participation of operators/users
Utilization of an interdisciplinary design/ evaluation team
Documentation of the complete HFE-process: traceability