Post on 18-Dec-2015
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INTRODUCTION TO WHITE INTRODUCTION TO WHITE BLOOD CELLSBLOOD CELLS
developed bydeveloped by
Liz FracalanzaLiz Fracalanza
Tina GoodyearTina Goodyear
Hugh B. FackrellHugh B. Fackrell
Dept of Biological SciencesDept of Biological Sciences
University of WindsorUniversity of Windsor
Windsor, ON CanadaWindsor, ON Canada
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
To examine the formed To examine the formed elements of bloodelements of blood
To define the structure and To define the structure and function of the cellular function of the cellular elements elements
To differentiate between To differentiate between the various blood cells the various blood cells
IntroductionIntroduction
Blood may be separated Blood may be separated into a clear fluid into a clear fluid composed of either serum composed of either serum or plasma and formed or plasma and formed elements which contain elements which contain cells and cell fragmentscells and cell fragments
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Formed Elements of BloodFormed Elements of Blood
Leucocytes (white blood Leucocytes (white blood cells)cells)
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)Erythrocytes (red blood cells)Thrombocytes (platelets)Thrombocytes (platelets)
Frequency of W.B.C inFrequency of W.B.C in Human Blood Human Blood
WBCWBC % number/mm3% number/mm3
neutrophil 54-69 2700-6900 neutrophil 54-69 2700-6900
lymphocyte 25-33 1250-3300lymphocyte 25-33 1250-3300monocyte 3-7 150-700monocyte 3-7 150-700eosinophil 1-3 50-300 eosinophil 1-3 50-300 basophil 0-0.75 0-75basophil 0-0.75 0-75
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Structure and function of the Structure and function of the cellular elements cellular elements
NEUTROPHILSNEUTROPHILS
CharacteristicsCharacteristicsUltrastructureUltrastructureFunctionsFunctionsDistributionDistribution
Neutrophil CharacteristicsNeutrophil Characteristics
Diameter :9 -16um Diameter :9 -16um Cytoplasm :pinkCytoplasm :pinkNucleus :2-5 lobes,dark blueNucleus :2-5 lobes,dark blueLife-span :5 daysLife-span :5 daysGranules :present(not visible)Granules :present(not visible)
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Neutrophil FunctionsNeutrophil FunctionsRespond chemotactically to Respond chemotactically to various stimuli various stimuli (complement, lymphokines (complement, lymphokines and bacterial membrane and bacterial membrane components)components)
Phagocytosis of foreign Phagocytosis of foreign particles and microbesparticles and microbes
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Approximately one-half of Approximately one-half of the neutrophils found in the the neutrophils found in the body are attached to the body are attached to the endothelial lining of the endothelial lining of the blood vessels, poised to blood vessels, poised to cross the blood vessel wall cross the blood vessel wall and attack an infectionand attack an infection
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Distribution of NeutrophilsDistribution of Neutrophils
EOSINOPHILSEOSINOPHILS
Light microscopyLight microscopyUltra structureUltra structureFunctionsFunctions
Eosinophil CharacteristicsEosinophil Characteristics Diameter : 10 - 15 um Diameter : 10 - 15 um Cytoplasm : pink-greyCytoplasm : pink-grey Nucleus : purple, bi-lobedNucleus : purple, bi-lobed Life-span : 1 dayLife-span : 1 day Granules : Many, large, bright orange/redGranules : Many, large, bright orange/red
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Eosinophil UltrastructureEosinophil Ultrastructure
Eosinophil FunctionEosinophil Function
Chemotactic response to Chemotactic response to complement, antibodies and complement, antibodies and histamine histamine
Active against parasites by Active against parasites by phagocytosis and secretion of phagocytosis and secretion of granular contentsgranular contents
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BASOPHILSBASOPHILS
CharacteristicsCharacteristicsUltrastructureUltrastructureFunctionsFunctions
Basophil CharacteristicsBasophil CharacteristicsDiameter :10 -15 um Diameter :10 -15 um Cytoplasm :basophilic (blue)Cytoplasm :basophilic (blue)Nucleus :not usually seen Nucleus :not usually seen
may be lobedmay be lobedGranules :many, large, Granules :many, large,
dark purple,dark purple,
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Basophil EMBasophil EM
Basophil UltrastructureBasophil Ultrastructure
Basophil FunctionsBasophil Functions
Secretes substances during an Secretes substances during an allergic reactionallergic reaction
Secretes large amounts of Secretes large amounts of heparinheparin, which is an anticoagulant, which is an anticoagulant
Secretes Secretes histaminehistamine, which , which participates in constriction of participates in constriction of the blood vessels, bronchioles and the blood vessels, bronchioles and intestines intestines
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LARGE LYMPHOCYTESLARGE LYMPHOCYTES
Large Lymphocyte CharacteristicsLarge Lymphocyte Characteristics
Diameter :10 - 18 umDiameter :10 - 18 umCytoplasm :sky-blue - deep-blue Cytoplasm :sky-blue - deep-blue
may be vacuolatedmay be vacuolated
Nucleus :mono-nuclear, Nucleus :mono-nuclear, dense chromatin, dark bluedense chromatin, dark blue
Granules : may be fewGranules : may be few
Nucleus/cytoplasm ratio is 1:1Nucleus/cytoplasm ratio is 1:1
SMALL LYMPHOCYTES SMALL LYMPHOCYTES
Small Lymphocyte CharacteristicsSmall Lymphocyte Characteristics
Diameter : 6-10 um Diameter : 6-10 um Cytoplasm : sky-blue - dark-blueCytoplasm : sky-blue - dark-blueNucleus : round, oval, blueNucleus : round, oval, blueLife-span : about 10 yearsLife-span : about 10 yearsGranules : none - fewGranules : none - few
Nucleus/cytoplasm ratio is 4:1Nucleus/cytoplasm ratio is 4:1
Lymphocyte UltrastructureLymphocyte Ultrastructure
Lymphocyte Function Lymphocyte Function
Lymphocytes can behave as one of Lymphocytes can behave as one of
three major cell types:three major cell types:
1. T lymphocytes1. T lymphocytes
2. B lymphocytes2. B lymphocytes
3. Natural Killer cells3. Natural Killer cells
T LYMPHOCYTEST LYMPHOCYTES
Helper T CellsHelper T CellsCytotoxic T cellsCytotoxic T cells
T cell UltrastructureT cell Ultrastructure
aids in stimulation of antibody aids in stimulation of antibody production by B-lymphocytesproduction by B-lymphocytes
Helper T lymphocytesHelper T lymphocytes
Destroy invading cells or Destroy invading cells or cancer cells by direct cancer cells by direct contact.contact.
Induce apoptosisInduce apoptosis
Cytotoxic T lymphocytesCytotoxic T lymphocytes
B LymphocytesB Lymphocytes
production and production and secretion of secretion of antibodiesantibodies
participation in participation in “memory immunity”“memory immunity”
once transformed once transformed into a plasma cell, into a plasma cell, it contains more it contains more rough endoplasmic rough endoplasmic reticulum reticulum
Plasma CellPlasma Cell
Natural Killer CellsNatural Killer Cells
Directly destroys virally Directly destroys virally infected cells and tumour infected cells and tumour cells cells
Null CellNull Cell
MONOCYTESMONOCYTES
Monocyte CharacteristicsMonocyte Characteristics
Diameter :12-20umDiameter :12-20umCytoplasm :light grey-blue,Cytoplasm :light grey-blue,
may be vacuolatedmay be vacuolatedNucleus :purple, patchy Nucleus :purple, patchy
(mesh-like)(mesh-like)Life-span :3 daysLife-span :3 daysGranules :fine May not be visible)Granules :fine May not be visible)Nucleus : Cytoplasm (N:C) : 1:1Nucleus : Cytoplasm (N:C) : 1:1
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Monocyte FunctionsMonocyte FunctionsPhagocytosisPhagocytosis - ingests and - ingests and destroys fungi, bacteria and destroys fungi, bacteria and damanged or degenerated cellsdamanged or degenerated cells
Stimulates the immune response by Stimulates the immune response by presenting the products of presenting the products of phagocytosis to lymphocytesphagocytosis to lymphocytes
Attracts neutrophils to the Attracts neutrophils to the damaged site by secreting chemical damaged site by secreting chemical attractantsattractants
Aids in maintenance of blood Aids in maintenance of blood vesselsvessels
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Monocyte UltrastructureMonocyte Ultrastructure