Post on 14-Sep-2014
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Part Four:Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing
Chapter 14:Critical Thinking: Evaluating the
Author’s Techniques
PowerPoint by Sarah Gilliam, Instructor of English
Mountain Empire Community College
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
In Concert:An Integrated Reading and Writing Approach
by Kathleen T. McWhorter
Chapter 14: Critical Thinking: Evaluating the Author’s Techniques
In this chapter, you will learn how to:
Goal 1
Goal 2
Goal 3
Goal 5
Goal 4
Evaluate the author’s techniques
Understand connotative and figurative language
Analyze assumptions
Evaluate generalizations
Identify bias
Write effectively and fairlyGoal 6
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
• Critical thinking, reading, and writing involve examining what is said and how it is said.
• Writers choose techniques that help them achieve their purpose, convey a message, and reach their audience.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 1: Evaluate the Author’s Techniques
Denotative meanings are standard dictionary definitions.
Connotative meanings are the feelings or other associations that accompany a word.
Figurative language makes a comparison between two unalike things that share one common characteristic.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 2: Understand Connotative and Figurative Language
Figurative language makes a comparison between two unalike things that share one common characteristic.
Types of Figurative Language:
• Simile
• Metaphor
• Personification
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 2: Understand Connotative and Figurative Language
An assumption is an idea or principle the writer accepts as true and makes no effort to substantiate.
Assumptions often use the terms if, since, and when.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 3: Analyze Assumptions
A generalization is a reasoned statement about an entire group based on known information about a part of the group.
Generalizations may use the terms all, always, none, or never.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 4: Evaluate Generalizations
Bias is prejudice. If an author is biased, then he or she is partial to one side of a particular argument or point of view.
What are strategies to identify bias?
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 5: Identify Bias
What are strategies for writing fair and effective essays?
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 6: Write Effectively and Fairly
Goal 1: Evaluate the Author’s Techniques
Review Questions
Fill in the blanks:
Critical reading, writing, and thinking involve examining ___________ is said and __________ it is said.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 1: Evaluate the Author’s Techniques
Review Questions
Fill in the blanks:
Critical reading, writing, and thinking involve examining what is said and how it is said.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 2: Understand Connotative and Figurative Language
Review Questions
Fill in the Blank:
_____________ are standard dictionary definitions.
_______________ are the feelings or other associations that accompany a word.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 2: Understand Connotative and Figurative Language
Review Questions
Fill in the Blank:
Denotative meanings are standard dictionary definitions.
Connotative meanings are the feelings or other associations that accompany a word.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 3: Analyze AssumptionsReview Questions
Assumptions often use which of the following terms:
A. If
B. When
C. Since
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 3: Analyze AssumptionsReview Questions
Assumptions often use which of the following terms:
A. If
B. When
C. Since
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 4: Evaluate GeneralizationsReview Questions
True or False:
The phrase “all rich people are snobs” is an example of a generalization.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 4: Evaluate GeneralizationsReview Questions
True or False:
True: The phrase “all rich people are snobs” is an example of a generalization.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 5: Identify BiasReview Questions
An author who is biased does which of the following?
A. Presents both sides of an issue
B. Is unemotional about the issue
C. Provides only favorable information
D. Presents facts
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 5: Identify BiasReview Questions
An author who is biased does which of the following?
A. Presents both sides of an issue
B. Is unemotional about the issue
C. Provides only favorable information
D. Presents facts
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 6: Write Effectively and FairlyReview Questions
True or False:Using figurative language to explain extreme examples is a strategy for writing effectively and fairly.
True or False:Making generalizations based on sufficient evidence is a strategy for writing effectively and fairly.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 6: Write Effectively and FairlyReview Questions
True or False:False: Using figurative language to explain extreme examples is a strategy for writing effectively and fairly.
True or False:True: Making generalizations based on sufficient evidence is a strategy for writing effectively and fairly.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.