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Measuring Well-Being in France
Jean-Louis LhéritierINSEE
25-27 April 2012
A new political context
OECD : Global project on Measuring the Progress of SocietiesA new European strategy
GDP and beyondEurope 2020: become a smart, sustainable and inclusive economy
Some recommendations of the Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi report:Move beyond GDPRecognizes the multidimensional aspects of well-being
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Recognizes the multidimensional aspects of well-beingEnumerates main domains to be taken into accountSuggests to statistical offices to incorporate questions to capture people’s life evaluations in surveys
The report of the Franco-German Ministerial CouncilNational initiatives
UK (David Cameron), DE (Bundestag Commission),IT and FR (first implementation of the SSF) …
Recommendations about quality of life
• Measures of both objective and subjective well-being provide key information about people’s quality of life.– Statistical offices should incorporate questions to capture people’s life
evaluations, hedonic experiences and priorities in their surveys.
• Dimensions of the Quality of Life recommended:– Material living conditions– Health
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– Health– Education– Productive and valued activities– Governance and basic rights– Leisure and social interactions– Natural and living environment– Economic and physical safety– Overall experience of life
1 . OBJECTIVE MEASURES OF QUALITY OF LIFE
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Objective measures: construction of synthetic indicators by dimension
• Existing variables in surveys, mainly EU-SILC (French survey)
• Computation of scores by addition of binary items (deprivations) in the same dimension (method used for deprivations .
• A person cumulating many privations has a poor quality of life in the corresponding dimension:
the indicator equals « 1 » when the score exceeds a given
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the indicator equals « 1 » when the score exceeds a given threshold… with the question of the determination of the level of the threshold
About 10% of the individuals
Objective measures of quality of life: the example of financial constraints
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Objective measures of quality of life: comparison by income quartile
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2 . SUBJECTIVE MEASURES OF QUALITY OF LIFE
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LIFE
Implementation in French Surveys: subjective well-being
1) Pilot Survey on (objective and subjective aspects of) quality of life (paper/web)
10 000 persons persons 18 years or more
Response rate : 38 %
2) EU-SILC as from 2010Introduction of new questions
On a scale from 0 (not at all satisfied) to 10 (very satisfied),
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On a scale from 0 (not at all satisfied) to 10 (very satisfied), rate your satisfaction concerning:-Your dwelling-Your job (if employed)-Your leisure-Your relations with close relatives-Your current life
A more detailed drop-off questionnaire for 2 000 households
Subjective measures of quality of life: overall satisfaction in life (mean: 7/10)
20
30%
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0
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
satisfaction level
Subjective measures of quality of life: overall satisfaction in life by income decile
7
8
satisfaction level
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5
6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
income decile
Subjective measures of quality of life: overall satisfaction by age
7
8
satisfaction level
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5
6
7
25-2
9
30-3
4
35-3
9
40-4
4
45-4
9
50-5
4
55-5
9
60-6
4
65-6
9
70-7
4
75-7
9
80-8
485
+
age
Subjective measures of quality of life: overall satisfaction by number of material difficulties
7
8
satis faction level
Number of deprivations (on a list of 27 deprivations)
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5
6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10+
number of material difficulties
EU-SILC: treatment of individual effects (not yet achieved)
• Individual effects: non observable variables (level of optimism, of risk aversion, of confidence in others, in the personal scales …)
• EU-SILC is a longitudinal survey: in France, the same households are surveyed for 9 years runningThis longitudinal dimension will permit to:– eliminate individual effects
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– eliminate individual effects– give estimations on the consequences of heath problems, a job
loss, a divorce, a fall of income ...
• We also drop off a self-administered questionnaire:– questions on attitude towards optimism, risk, trust in people, time
preference …– anchoring vignettes: scenarios to compare the respondent to
others (personal scales)
EU-SILC: an example of anchoring vignette on overall satisfaction of life
• Jacques is 40 years old. He is a middle-school teacher. He lives with his wife, who is unemployed, and their three children in a small apartment in the suburbs, purchased with a mortgage. The neighbors are fairly noisy. Even if his children do not lack anything, it's not always easy to make ends meet. Jacques has no health problems, but he has trouble sleeping because he has a difficult class this year.
• How would you rate Jacques's situation in terms of his life at the present time? (from 0 is the least favorable situation, and 10 th e most favorable situation.)
%
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0
10
20
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10score given
3 . SUBJECTIVE APPRECIATION OF ACTIVITIES
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Implementation in French Surveys: appreciation of activities
Time Use Survey 2009-2010
A new variable was introduced for a subset of the household sample (1 700 respondents):
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the affect i.e. the pleasant or unpleasant character of the activity (a scale from -3 to +3)
Each person surveyed should add this appreciation variable in her diary (description of activities every 10 mn during 24 or 48 hours)
Questionnaire of the French Time-Use Survey for 2010
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Appreciation of activities
Household and family care
Personal care
Leisure
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0,5 0,7 0,9 1,1 1,3 1,5 1,7 1,9 2,1 2,3
Employment/Study
Travel
Household and family care
Mean
Appreciation of leisure activities
Religious activities
Sports
Arts and hobbies
Visiting and receiving visitors
Games
Entertainment and culture
Walking
Producing music or dancing
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1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,2 2,4 2,6 2,8
Voting and other civil activities
Voluntary work
Telephone conversation or chat
TV, video and DVD
Computing
Resting, time out
Radio and recordings
Reading
Religious activities
Mean
Appreciation of personal care activities
Eating alone or w ith household members
Sleeping
Eating w ith other persons
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- 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5
Receiving health care
Grooming and dressing
Mean
Appreciation of domestic activities
Construction and repair
Childcare
Pet care
Gardening
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- 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5
Other domestic w ork
Cleaning and care for textiles
Food preparation
Shopping
Mean
Some articles published
• Measuring quality of life: http://www.insee.fr/en/ffc/docs_ffc/ref/FPORSOC10E.pdf
• Life Satisfaction: http://www.insee.fr/en/publications-et-services/dossiers_web/stiglitz/VE4-Anglais.pdf
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• Pleasant moments of everyday life (in French): http://www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/ipweb/ip1378/ip1378.pdf
Thank you for your attention !
ContactMr Jean-Louis LhéritierMail: jean-louis.lheritier@insee.fr
Insee18 bd Adolphe-Pinard75675 Paris Cedex 14
www.insee.fr