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The Relationship between Minakata Mandala and

Mah vaipulya Buddh vata saka S tra

KARASAWA, Taisuke

(Postdoctoral Fellow, Research Center for World Buddhist Cultures, Ryukoku University)

abstract In this paper, I will reveal the relationship between the Mah vaipulya Buddh vata saka S tra

(hearafter, MBS) and the Minakata Mandala descrived by Kumagusu Minakata (1867-1941).

Kumagusu Minakata is an influential folklorist and naturalist living in early modern Japan, and

Minakata Mandala is regarded as his principal thought.

Minakata wrote the Minakata Mandala in his letter to his friend Hory Toki (1855-1923), a

Shingon Buddhist monk living from Edo to Taish time period. Most scholars have studied this

mandalic concept mainly from the perspective of Shingon Buddhist doctrine. However, it is assumed

that the Minakata Mandala is strongly influenced by the MBS and the doctrine of Huayan School.

In this paper, I will first summarize the Minakata Mandala, and second examine the “Li-fushigi”

and “Dai-fushigi”, two important elements of the Mandala. And, third, I will clarify the possibility

that Minakata mainly read the Huayan wujiao zhang, a Chinese commentary on the Huayan doctrine

written by Fazang (634-712), rather than the MBS itself.

According to Minakata’s diary, a Shingon monk Sh hon Takafuji (1867-1917) was the person who sent

the Huayan wujiao zhang to Minakata. I will also explain the relationship between Minakata and Takafuji.

In addition to Toki and Takafuji, My eb K ben (1173-1232), an influential Kegon monk in

Kamakura period, seems to be important for us to refer to the relationship between Minakata and the

MBS. There are various similarities between Minakata and My e such as the act of recording dreams

in detail, synchronic experiences, and frequent encounter with the entoptic phenomena. This paper

will also attempt to explain their similarities.

Finally, some differences between the elements of the Minakata Mandala and Four dharmadh tu of

Huayan School will be revealed.

Keywords Huayan wujiao zhang, My e, Four dharmadh tu, Inconceivable, Dream

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