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Key Terms

Interest

GroupsCongressElectionsPolitical

Parties/MediaMisc.

- $100- $100

What is political socialization?

How Americans acquire political attitudes and forms values and opinions about the political system

- $200

Define coattails

The tendency of lesser-known or weaker candidates to profit in an election by the presence on the ticket of a more popular candidate

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What was McCulloch v. Maryland?

1819--The Court ruled that states cannot tax the federal government, i.e. the Bank of the United States; the phrase "the power to tax is the power to destroy"; confirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States.

- $400

Which court case established the “one man, one vote?”

Baker v. Carr; Ordered state legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population

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What was established/disputed in Shaw v. Reno?

NO racial gerrymandering; race cannot be the sole or predominant factor in redrawing legislative boundaries; majority-minority districts.

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In the United States, a two party-system has _______ existed

Always

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Define ticket splitting

It is when a voter chooses the presidential nominee of one major party, but chooses congressional nominees of the other major party

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Which event(s) shook the relationship between the media and politicians?

The Vietnam War and Watergate Scandal

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The media seem to have the least effect in terms of

How people vote

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Thousands of PACS were created to raise funds for candidates after which act?

The Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974

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Which type of election is used in the majority of states to select party nominees for public office?

A closed primary

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What is the best description of independent voting in the United States?

The percentage of American voters identifying themselves as "independents" has increased in recent years

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Which state holds a caucus, not a primary election , to select party nominees for the presidency…and is also the

first to have ever held a caucus?

Iowa

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What is the name of the group that would most likely be criticized by those who feel that the presidential election

process is not democratic enough?

The Electoral College

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When President Herbert Hoover and the Republicans were crushed in 

the election of 1932, voters were responding to the severity of the Great 

Depression under Hoover's presidency by what type of voting?

Retrospective Voting

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Whose vote can break a tie in the House?

The Vice President, who is the President of the House

- $200

What can divided party control of the Congress cause?

Congressional Gridlock

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A bill to raise taxes would first be referred to the

House- Ways and Means Committee

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After a House committee reviews a bill and writes its report, the bill goes to the

The House Rules Committee

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In which way is Congress representative of the American people?

It is substantively representative, not descriptively

- $100

What is an interest group?

An organization of people with similar policy goals entering the political process to try to achieve those aims.

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Since the 1960s, the number of interest groups has

Risen rapidly

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The free-rider problem refers to

potential members of a group failing to join the actual group, as they know they will receive the same benefits whether they are active members or not.

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According to James Madison in Federalist Paper No. 1, the way to prevent any one group from

having too much power is to

Increase the scope and number of groups

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According to ________ theorists, interest groups compete and counterbalance one another in

the political marketplace

Pluralist

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Define checks and balances

System in which each branch of government can limit the power of the other two branches

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Define block grant

Funds granted to the states for a broadly defined purpose. Shift resources to states, so as to contribute to growing number of state & local government employees.

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Define hyperpluralist theory

The theory that governmentt policy is weakened and often contradictory because there are so many competing interest groups.

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Define Iron Triangle

An alliance among an administrative agency, an interest group, and a congress. committee. Each member provides key services, information, or policy for others.

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Define senatorial courtesy

An unwritten tradition whereby the Senate will not confirm nomination for lower c positions that are occupied by a senator of the President’s own party from the state that nomination is to serve.