José Luis Otárola

Refers to

Language family

Lgs. That contains similar features of Lexicon, Phonology, Morphology and Syntax

Belongs to Located

Contains

Divided

English

Indo-European Language Family

Large part of Europe and parts of southwestern and southern Asia

140 languages

11 subgroups

Location

Represented by

Anatolian

Turkey

Extinct languages

Lydian Luwian Hittite

Indo-Iranian

Indic

Iranian

Modern Indic 1000 CE

Sanskrit Middle Indic 600-1000 CE

VedicOld Indic

1500-600 BCE

Hindi-UrduMarathiPunjabiGujurati

PashtoKhotaneseYahgnobi

East Iranian

West Iranian

KurdishParthian

Farsi

D i v i d e d

Dialect

Greek / Hellenic

8th century BCE

Attic Greek Literature

South /East Greek

Attic-IonicArcadoCyprian

Mycenaean

AeolicDoric

North/west Greek

Divided

Represented by

Italic

Latin

Italy

Oscan Umbrian

Osco-Umbrian

Italian FrenchSpanishCatalan

PortugueseRumanian

Latin -Faliscan

Divided Divided

Germanic

West Germanic

North Germanic

East Germanic

1st century CE

Gothic IcelandicFaroese

norwegian

DanishSwedish

GermanYiddishDutch

FlemishAfrikaansEnglish

Celtic

Extict languages

Insular Continental

6th century BCE

CeltiberianLeponticGaulish

Goidelic Brittanic

300 CE

IrishScots Gaelic

Manx

WelshBretonCornish

Tocharian B Tocharian A

Tocharian

500-700 CE

Divided

Baltic

Lithuanian

Old Prussian East Baltic

Latvian Extinct

Language

Divided Divided

Slavic

South Slavic West Slavic East Slavic

RussianUkrainianBelarusian

CzechSlovakPolish

Kashubian

BulgarianMacedonian

SerbianCroatianSlovenian

Old Church Slavic

Influenced by

Armenian

Religious documents and translations (5th century CE)

Greek ArabicSyriacPersian

Influenced by

Dialects

Albanian

15th century CE

Gheg

GreekSlavic

TurkishLatin

Tosk

Fragmentary Languages

Messapic(Southern Italy)

Venetic(Northeast Italy)

Sicel and Sicanian(Sicily)

Ligurian(Northern Italy)

Thracian(modern Bulgaria southern Romania

Phrygian(modern central Turkey

Illyrian(Dalmatian coast of the

Adriatic)

Indicate

Reconstructed with

8 cases

Relationship to other words in a

sentence

Inflectional LanguageLexical

markers

Nominative, genitive, dative, accusativeAblative, locative, instrumetal, vocative

masculine, femenine, neuter

Singular, dual, plural

3 genders

3 numbers

adjectives Agreed in gender and number

Indicate

Indicate

Types

Verbs

Transitive Intransitive

Tenses

Voice

Mood(imperative, idicative,

optative)

Reason

Fusional languages

Different syntactic patterns

Word Order