JustinKodamaJustinKodama

InteractiveCognitionLabInteractiveCognitionLab

ShailendraRaoShailendraRao

UnderstandinUnderstandingg

OfficeOfficeEcologiesEcologies

UnderstandinUnderstandingg

OfficeOfficeEcologiesEcologies

Why is it that...

ProjectMotivationProjectMotivation

•Malone (1983)Malone (1983)•Kirsh (2001)Kirsh (2001)

•Our Motivation:Our Motivation:Context Aware OfficeContext Aware Office

•Malone (1983)Malone (1983)•Kirsh (2001)Kirsh (2001)

•Our Motivation:Our Motivation:Context Aware OfficeContext Aware Office

Everyday Office Spaces

Everyday Office Spaces

Pre-scientific NotionPre-scientific NotionNeatNeat

Pre-scientific NotionPre-scientific NotionNeatNeat

Everyday Office Spaces

Everyday Office Spaces

Pre-scientific NotionPre-scientific NotionScruffyScruffy

Pre-scientific NotionPre-scientific NotionScruffyScruffy

Hypothesis

NeatScruffy

There is a well defined Continuum that ranges from Neat to Scruffy

Folk Beliefs

Value Judgments – Artsy vs. Efficient

Neats don’t lose things

Scruffies discover more connections

Forcing Function

How do we make How do we make sense of all of sense of all of

this?this?

How do we make How do we make sense of all of sense of all of

this?this?

More than a Desk

Physical Context

Static Parameters

Task Parameters

Exogenous Factors

Behavioral Strategies

Work Styles

Physical ContextStatic ParametersTask ParametersExogenous FactorsBehavioral StrategiesWork StylesHojicha = 3 Tasks

Chandrasekhar = 1 Task

Data 3 Types

Interviews (9 subjects)

Subject Logs (4 subjects)

Recordings (5 subjects)

Data Interviews Data Interviews

PreliminaryPreliminary Office Tour Office Tour

Mid-dayMid-day Interviews Interviews

End of DayEnd of Day Interviews Interviews

PreliminaryPreliminary Office Tour Office Tour

Mid-dayMid-day Interviews Interviews

End of DayEnd of Day Interviews Interviews

ErrorErrorInterruptionInterruptionErrorErrorInterruptionInterruption

Data Subject Logs

Data Subject Logs

Subject reports a story of What Happened, When and How

3 Subjects

Taken by Subject

Picture Checklist

Data Digital Pictures

2 SubjectsEntire Office WorkspaceInterruptions from the Outside World

Data Surveillance

Cameras

Tally Major Office Tally Major Office EventsEvents

Tally Major Office Tally Major Office EventsEvents

Method Counting

Method Counting

NeaterNeater Office DwellerOffice Dweller

Lots ofLots of FilingFiling

Put Away Files

19.6

34.8

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Scruffier NeaterSubject

Fre

qu

en

cy (

pe

r d

ay)

Poisson Probability = 99.99%

Pull Out Files

18.4

45.2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Scruffier NeaterSubject

Fre

qu

en

cy (

pe

r d

ay)

Poisson Probability = 99.99%

ScruffierScruffier Office DwellerOffice Dweller

Lots ofLots of PilingPiling

Grabbing Piles

16

23.6

0

5

10

15

20

25

Scruffier NeaterSubject

Fre

qu

en

cy (

pe

r d

ay)

Poisson Probability = 97.24%

Moving Piles

29.8

18

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Scruffier NeaterSubject

Fre

qu

en

cy (

pe

r d

ay)

Poisson Probability = 99.99%

Scruffier Office DwellerScruffier Office Dweller

Managing MultipleManaging Multiple LayersLayers

End of Flipbook

End of Show

Neater Office DwellerNeater Office Dweller

AvoidingAvoiding LayersLayers

End of Flipbook

End of Show

Adds a Layer

19.8

10

0

5

10

15

20

25

Scruffier NeaterSubject

Fre

qu

en

cy (

pe

r d

ay)

Poisson Probability = 99.72%

Scruffier Office DwellerScruffier Office Dweller

Managing MultipleManaging Multiple TasksTasks

# Tasks Open

2.69

1.28

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

Scruffier Neater

Subject

# of

Tas

ks O

pen

Poisson Probability = 68.05%

Sticky NotesSticky Notes

UsingUsing Impromptu Note Taking Impromptu Note Taking DevicesDevices

I am the Post-It Queen… I use more Post-Its than anybody

Just Stick It!Sound Clip

I hate stickies… I think they look so messy

It Won’t Stick!Sound Clip

Sticky Notes

9.6

2.4

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Scruffier NeaterSubject

Fre

qu

en

cy (

pe

r d

ay)

Poisson Probability = 99.91%

Mobile Working Space

29.8

18

9.6

2.4

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Scruffier NeaterSubject

Fre

quency (

per

day)

Poisson Probability = 99.99%

Empirical Factors Determining Position

Empirical Factors Determining Position

•FilesFiles

•PilesPiles

•LayersLayers

•# of Tasks Open# of Tasks Open

•Impromptu Note TakingImpromptu Note Taking

•Mobile Working SpaceMobile Working Space

•FilesFiles

•PilesPiles

•LayersLayers

•# of Tasks Open# of Tasks Open

•Impromptu Note TakingImpromptu Note Taking

•Mobile Working SpaceMobile Working Space

Successful Pilot Study

Empirically Significant Factors

Useful Methodology

No Metric on Map

Continuum Conclusion

Neat

Scruffy

Participant observer study

Control for differences in job and task

Emotional investment

Study coordination with digital world

FutureFuture WorkWork

got questions?

Justin Kodama

justin@justinkodama.com

Shailendra Rao

shailo@shailendrarao.com

Interactive Cognition Lab

adrenaline.ucsd.edu

Special Thanks

AdvisorsDavid Kirsh

Aaron CicourelJeff ElmanWendy Ark

Hendrik Knoche

Interactive Cognition Lab & FriendsKorin Lee, Dave Philp, Morana Alac, Bryan Clemens, Greg Elliott, Andy Guerrero, Nicole Peterson, Thomas Rebotier, Aaron Zinman

Office Friends