Key Events of the - Weeblygahistorywithwhitfield.weebly.com/.../the_civil_war.pdfStandards SS8H6 The...

transcript

Key Events of the

SS8H6b

StandardsSS8H6 The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and

Reconstruction on Georgia.

b. State the importance of key events of the Civil War; include

Antietam, the Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg,

Chickamauga, the Union blockade of Georgia’s coast, Sherman’s

Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and

Andersonville.

Civil W

ar: Wh

o’s &

at’sD

irection

nit, w

rite wh

ch term

resenta

will w

rite dow

t each

Antietam

ancipation Proclam

Gettysburg

Chickam

Blockade of G

A’s C

tlanta Cam

at I th

this m

at I th

Civil W

ar: Wh

o’s &

at’sD

irection

nit, w

rite wh

ch term

resenta

will w

rite dow

t each

March to the S

ndersonville, GA

at I th

Fort S

ivil W

ril 12, 1

861, w

federa

te forces

_____________________________________ .

rces insid

e Fort S

ter were a

_____________________________________ .

ders so

field S

cott’s A

ich ca

______________________________________________ .

ips lin

coast a

_____________________________________ in

ccasio

nally, _

____________________________________ sn

were a

ble to

e it to E

e for su

ril 1862, U

ldiers la

ee Islan

_____________________________________ , th

e fort p

rotectin

nce th

e brick

fort w

blitera

ted, th

ble to

e the im

_____________________________________ .

federa

te ship

_____________________________________ .

tietam

federa

te Gen

eral R

ert E. L

ee wan

ted to

_____________________________________ .

____________________________________ to

er 17,

1862, b

etween

tietam

rg, Mary

•It w

e _____________________________________ o

il War—

ldiers w

ere killed

t missin

attle en

_________________________________________________

return

ln cla

this a

_____________________________________ , a

port fro

erners w

residen

t for p

losses.

cipatio

fter the B

attle o

ntieta

residen

issued

_____________________________________ .

his freed

all slav

es in _

___________________________________________ .

ln’s p

ifted th

e focu

s of th

il War –

it was n

_____________________________________

rder p

ised th

milita

force th

ited fo

rmer _

______________________________________________ .

frican

erican

s _____________________________________ b

ravely,

aware th

ere figh

ting fo

r the freed

eir peo

attle a

t Getty

, 1863, w

_____________________________________ .

federa

te forces u

er Lee o

tried to

e the N

t they

_____________________________________ .

rger U

ee’s troop

_____________________________________ .

ictory

left the S

_____________________________________ th

e war.

sides ex

perien

r losses o

f life --

more th

_____________________________________ o

e battlefield

the lo

ss of a

e portio

ee’s men

_____________________________________ th

e North

fter this b

attle, th

e North

________________________ o

was ev

le to in

re the S

states.

fterward

s, Presid

e a sp

eech a

t a cerem

_____________________________________ .

____________________________________ la

sted o

three m

t it is regard

e of th

e _____________________________________

merica

istory.

the sp

eech, L

il War w

_____________________________________ “

ple, b

r the p

le”.

____________________________________ d

e first few

rs of th

il War.

1863, clo

se to _

____________________________________ m

west G

here th

attled

federa

te Arm

_____________________________________ .

attle resu

lted in

sides lo

sing ov

er 16,0

forced

_____________________________________ b

essee.

1864, _

____________________________________ m

th fro

essee to A

federa

te sold

iers alo

e way, leav

_____________________________________ a

chaos.

, 1864, S

’s troop

_____________________________________ a

set the city

er 1864, S

_____________________________________ .

is troop

s _____________________________________ a

e way.

’s “M

____________________________________

the sp

irit of th

federa

te arm

_____________________________________ ,

e the city

_____________________________________ .

nville

e most n

s sites of th

il War w

_____________________________________

ville, G

____________________________________ , a

e 45,0

es died

_____________________________________ .

fter the w

ar, th

_____________________________________ th

n’s co

der, M

ril, Un

s finally

ia, th

_____________________________________ .

pril 9

, 1865, G

l Lee su

ered to

eral G

t at W

ilmer M

se in th

____________________________________ .

of celeb

ldiers o

_____________________________________ .

st a few

s later, o

pril 1

_____________________________________ .

War’s E

ffects

hese effects w

ere mostly

________________________________________________________ o

th, th

ere _________________________ .

t _____________________________________ .

es, cities, railro

s, farm

s, etc.,

_____________________________________ a

e rebu

ilt after th

states h

_________________________________ to

were fin

cially

_____________________________________ .

Fort S

ivil W

ril 12, 1

861, w

federa

te forces fired

rces insid

e Fort S

ter were a

ered th

t day.

ders so

field S

cott’s A

called

e of S

ports.

ips lin

coast a

ot let a

federa

te ship

ccasio

nally, b

ners sn

ere ab

le to m

e it to E

to tra

plies.

ril 1862, U

ldiers la

ee Islan

Fort P

the fo

rt pro

tecting S

nce th

e brick

fort w

blitera

ted, th

e North

ble to

federa

te ship

e it in o

t of G

tietam

federa

te Gen

eral R

ert E. L

ee wan

ted to

e war to

attle o

ntieta

er 17, 1

862, b

etween

tietam

•It w

iest on

battle o

il War—

over 2

ldiers w

killed

t missin

attle en

ever, G

l Lee d

ecided

return

ln cla

this a

r the U

erners w

residen

t for p

cipatio

fter the B

attle o

ntieta

residen

issued

cipatio

his freed

all slav

es in sta

tes figh

ting a

st the U

ln’s p

ifted th

e focu

s of th

il War –

it was n

freedom

rder p

ised th

milita

force th

ited fo

rmer slav

es to jo

frican

erican

s enlisted

t brav

ely, aw

are th

ting fo

r the freed

eir peo

attle a

t Getty

, 1863, w

e turn

e war.

federa

te forces u

er Lee o

tried to

e the N

t they

rger U

ee’s troop

attle.

ictory

left the S

ce of w

ing th

e war.

sides ex

perien

r losses o

f life --

more th

ldiers d

attlefield

the lo

ss of a

e portio

ee’s men

, the S

ever in

fter this b

attle, th

e North

ressure o

tually

le to in

re the S

states.

fterward

s, Presid

e a sp

eech a

t a cerem

ting th

e site as

etery.

ettysb

dress la

sted o

three m

tes, bu

t it is regard

ost in

spirin

eeches in

erican

the sp

eech, L

il War w

preserv

t“of

le, by

le, an

r the p

le”.

as free fro

r battles d

e first few y

ears o

il War.

1863, clo

se to 5

west G

here th

battled

federa

te Arm

attle resu

lted in

sides lo

sing ov

er 16,0

forced

retreat b

essee.

1864, G

l Willia

nessee to

federa

te sold

iers alo

e way, leav

estructio

, 1864, S

’s troop

d set th

e city o

er 1864, S

is troop

s destro

e way.

’s “M

” cu

federa

te sup

lines a

spirit o

federa

te arm

864, a

e the city

ristmas g

nville

e most n

s sites of th

il War w

federa

te priso

ville, G

was ov

ercrow

ry, an

er 13,0

e 45,0

tives d

isease a

fter the w

ar, th

ecuted

’s com

der, M

ril, Un

s finally

ia, th

ital o

federa

pril 9

, 1865, G

l Lee su

ered to

eral G

t at W

ilmer M

se in th

rt Hou

se, Virg

of celeb

ldiers o

sides w

ietly.

st a few

s later, o

pril 1

865, A

ssassin

War’s E

ffects

hese effects w

ere mostly

positiv

e in th

e north

western

parts o

th, th

ere disa

t mostly

es, cities, railro

s, farm

s, etc., had

destro

ilt after th

e war.

states h

little mon

were fin

cially

eir war d

Key Events of the

SS8H6b

• The Civil War began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate

forces fired on Fort Sumter.

• Fort Sumter was a Union fort in the harbor of Charleston,

South Carolina.

• The Union forces inside Fort Sumter were already low on

ammunition and food, so they surrendered the next day.

• Nobody was killed during the actual battle; however, one

person was killed in a 50-gun salute to the flag.

Fort Sumter, South Carolina – Before the Civil War

• Union leaders soon adopted General Winfield Scott’s

Anaconda Plan, which called for a naval blockade of

Southern ports.

• Union ships lined the southern coast and would not let

any Confederate ships in or out.

• Occasionally, blockade runners snuck through and were

able to make it to Europe to trade for supplies.

Whitworth Rifles in defense of Charleston.

Union Battleship

off of Georgia’s

• In April 1862, Union soldiers landed on Tybee Island

and captured Fort Pulaski, the fort protecting

Savannah.

• Once the brick fort was obliterated, the North was able

to blockade the important port of Savannah.

• Hardly any Confederate ship could make it in or out of

Georgia.

Fort Pulaski

Bombardment

• Confederate General Robert E. Lee wanted to bring the

war to the North.

• The Battle of Antietam took place on September 17,

1862, between Antietam Creek and Sharpsburg,

Maryland.

• It was the bloodiest one-day battle of the Civil War—

over 26,000 soldiers were killed, wounded, or went

Union Camp

Confederate Camp

• The battle ended in a draw; however, General Lee

decided to withdraw from Maryland and return to

Virginia.

• Lincoln claimed this a victory for the Union, and gained

much needed support from Northerners who had blamed

the president for previous losses.

President Lincoln visiting the battlefield at Antietam,

Maryland – October 3, 1862

• After the Battle of Antietam, President Lincoln issued

the Emancipation Proclamation.

• This freed all slaves in states fighting against the Union.

• Lincoln’s proclamation shifted the focus of the Civil War

– it was now a fight for freedom.

• The order promised that the Union military would

enforce the proclamation, and invited former slaves to

join the Union army.

• Many African Americans enlisted and fought bravely,

aware that they were fighting for the freedom of their

people.

Many fugitive slaves fled to the

Union Army. They were

officially freed with the

Emancipation Proclamation in

• The Battle at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania on July 1-3,

1863, was the turning point of the war.

• Confederate forces under Lee once again tried to invade

the North, but they were stopped.

• The larger Union Army overwhelmed Lee’s troops and

won the battle.

• This Union victory left the South with no chance of

Confederate

Soldiers

Outside

Gettysburg

• Both sides experienced major losses of life -- more than

51,000 soldiers died on the battlefield.

• Due to the loss of a large portion of Lee’s men, the

South never invaded the North again.

• After this battle, the North began to put constant

pressure on the South and was eventually able to invade

and capture the Southern states.

Mortars during the Civil

• Afterwards, President Lincoln made a speech at a

ceremony dedicating the site as a cemetery.

• The Gettysburg Address lasted only three minutes, but it

is regarded as one of the most inspiring speeches in

American history.

• In the speech, Lincoln said that the Civil War was to

preserve a government “of the people, by the people,

The only confirmed photo of Lincoln at Gettysburg

• Georgia was free from major battles during the first few

years of the Civil War.

• In 1863, close to 58,000 Union troops moved into

northwest Georgia where they battled the Confederate

Army along Chickamauga Creek.

• The battle resulted in both sides losing over 16,000 men,

and forced the Union Army to retreat back to Tennessee.

Battle of Chickamauga

• In 1864, General William Tecumseh Sherman moved his

Union Army south from Tennessee to Atlanta.

• They fought Confederate soldiers along the way, leaving

a path of destruction and chaos.

• On September 2, 1864, Sherman’s troops captured

Atlanta and set the city on fire.

General Sherman & His Officers in Atlanta

Atlanta’s Peachtree Street after Sherman

Destroyed Train Roundhouse in Atlanta

• In November 1864, Sherman began his march through

Georgia from Atlanta to Savannah.

• His troops destroyed many towns and plantations along

the way.

• Sherman’s “March to the Sea” cut Confederate supply

lines and crushed the spirit of the Confederate army.

• They captured Savannah on December 21, 1864, and

Sherman gave the city of Savannah to Abraham

Lincoln as a Christmas gift.

Sherman’s Men Destroying

Georgia’s Railroads

• One of the most notorious sites of the Civil War was the

Confederate prison camp in Andersonville, GA.

• The prison was overcrowded and unsanitary, and over

13,000 of the 45,000 captives died of disease and

starvation.

• After the war, the Union captured and executed the

prison’s commander, Major Henry Wirz.

• In early April, Union troops finally took Richmond, Virginia, the

capital of the Confederacy.

• On April 9, 1865, General Lee surrendered to General Grant at

Wilmer McLean’s house in the town of Appomattox Court

House, Virginia.

• The Civil War was finally over.

• Instead of celebrating, soldiers on both sides went home

quietly.

• Just a few days later, on April 14, 1865, Abraham Lincoln was

assassinated.

Richmond, Virginia in

Ruins – April 1865

Union Army Soldiers– April 9, 1856

Appomattox Court House, VA

Robert E. Lee’s Amnesty Oath to the US ConstitutionOctober 2nd, 1865

• The Civil War had major effects on the United States.

• These effects were mostly positive in the northern and

western parts of the country.

• In the South, they were disastrous.

• The war had been fought mostly on Southern soil.

• Many homes, cities, railroads, farms, etc., had been destroyed

and had to be rebuilt after the war.

• But the southern states had little money to do so.

• They were financially bankrupt and could not pay their war

side b

elieved

that th

e states sh

er than

was th

’s blo

e called

the “A

iest on

battle o

il War?

ln’s E

cipatio

battle w

ered a

r turn

t in th

e war fo

r the N

e first Civ

il War b

attle o

l Willia

e Atla

’s troop

s march

ed fro

, leavin

destru

e way. W

is called

est dea

te of a

il War p

escribe th

e war’s effect o

side b

elieved

that th

e states sh

er than

was th

’s blo

e called

the “A

It was d

eeze the life o

federa

tting o

iest on

battle o

il War?

Battle o

ntieta

ln’s E

cipatio

slaves in

states fig

st the U

ifted th

e goal o

battle w

ered a

r turn

t in th

e war fo

r the N

Battle o

ettysb

e first Civ

il War b

attle o

Battle o

l Willia

left a p

estructio

e march

e Atla

864, S

left Ten

nessee a

e city to

’s troop

s march

ed fro

, leavin

destru

e way. W

is called

’s March

est dea

te of a

il War p

ille priso

escribe th

e war’s effect o

ffered—

stically

; farm

s, hom

railro

s, tow

ere destro

; no m

ebts (b

Write a paragraph

from your

perspective of the

event—as if you

were right there

capturing the

picture.

Draw a picture of ONE of

the major battles or

campaigns of the Civil War

that we have studied.

Event Title Name

*Here are extra textboxes for the paragraphs. Students (who need more room for writing) cut these out and

staple once on top of the camera textbox. This will create a flap-style book on the camera.

Directio

ns: Im

ine th

are eith

er a C

federa

te or U

ldier a

live d

Write a

te to y

escribin

ents fro

r. (Keep

the sid

e that y

e fron

t, draw

illustra

e even

e a sh

greetin

oldier’s Postcard

Teacher Info – Historical Marker

• Have the students choose one of the important events from

the Civil War.

• The students will create a historical marker to tell tourists the

significance of what happened at that location.

• They will need to include an illustration of the event, as well

as a description of what happened and why it was important

to the Civil War.

Directio

ents o

ill create a

rical m

tell tou

rists the sig

nifica

t that lo

illustra

e even

t. Also

, write a

descrip

y it w

r histo

ry. Write th

e even

t in th

e circle.

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