KMS Technologies – KJT Enterprises Inc.mail.kmstechnologies.com/Files/The_new_Paradigm.pdf ·...

transcript

KMS Technologies – KJT Enterprises Inc.

Strack, K. – M.

The next paradigm: Integrating borehole & surface geophysical techniques for

better reservoir characterization

Presentation

University of Houston

KMS99001a

The next paradigm: Integrating The next paradigm: Integrating

borehole & surface geophysical techniques borehole & surface geophysical techniques

for better reservoir characterizationfor better reservoir characterization

19991999

K.K.--M. StrackM. Strack

(After AFES, Strack ‘Pie in the Sky’, 1998)

Presentation challenge: ???Presentation challenge: ???

How do convey what I would be doing How do convey what I would be doing in the future without in the future without --

•• overloading an unknown audienceoverloading an unknown audience•• bragging about my great achievementsbragging about my great achievements•• knowing future technologiesknowing future technologies•• over promisingover promising ??????

Presentation ObjectivePresentation Objective

•• Display a vision based on data points.Display a vision based on data points.

•• Tie existing to my own experience.Tie existing to my own experience.

•• Link to AGL/Link to AGL/UofHUofH objectives.objectives.

……. Or just share my dream. Or just share my dream

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OutlineOutline

•• Paradigm ShiftParadigm Shift

•• Array tools: The Present (my past)Array tools: The Present (my past)

•• 3D volume integration: The Future3D volume integration: The Future

•• ConclusionsConclusions

PastPast PresentPresent FutureFutureModelingModeling

ImagingImagingModelingModeling

InterpretationInterpretation

Field LogsField Logs

EvaluationEvaluation

ImagingImagingModelingModeling

Field LogField Log

Field LogsField Logs

IntegrationIntegration

LogsLogs

ProcessingProcessing

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Designer wells Designer wells & reservoirs& reservoirs

Cost & value Cost & value domaindomain

The Paradigm Shift: log analysisThe Paradigm Shift: log analysis

ML Academia

Service Industry

National Laboratories

Academia

Oil/Gas Industry

Technology providers

AGLAGL

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The Paradigm Shift: the industryThe Paradigm Shift: the industry

Integrationinformation in the 3 D volume

The Paradigm Shift: information valueThe Paradigm Shift: information value

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OutlineOutline

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Raw Array Data Inversion RtRaw Array Data Inversion RtApparent RtApparent Rt

Meters Meters vsvs acquisition systems: Inductionacquisition systems: Induction

WALS98209B

′′V

Raw Array Data Inversion RtRaw Array Data Inversion RtApparent RtApparent Rt

Meters Meters vsvs acquisition systems: Galvanicacquisition systems: Galvanic

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ArayAray tools:tools:……

• Model based interpretation• State-of-the art acquisition system ( 24 bit,

high data rates, full waveforms)• Software processing for improved S/N

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Measurements

Initial Guess

Final Model

Data to ModelData to Model

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Parameter subspace 2

Parameter subspace

Initial Guess

Nonlinear OptimizationNonlinear Optimization

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Data AcquisitionData Acquisition Data ModelingData ModelingFieldLogs

ModelLogs

Acquisition

Response

Excitation Acquisition

Response

Simulation

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Inversion: Process flowInversion: Process flow

Reserves estimateReserves estimateDPIL vs. HDILDPIL vs. HDIL

Net Pay and Saturation Analysis

DPIL HDILReservoir Thickness: 270 ftNet Pay (ft) 103.6 130.1Net Pay 38.4% 48.2%Por. Feet 15.4 ft 18.9 ftHyd. Feet 7.4 ft 9.2 ft

HDIL data allowed 24%HDIL data allowed 24%more OIIP be booked.more OIIP be booked.

HDILHDIL

DPILDPILHDILHDILDPILDPIL

Step change through hardwareStep change through hardware

WALS98209g

2 ft VRM vs 2D Inversion

OIIP = (A*h)*Por*(1-Sw)A= 160 acreAssume 7,758 API Bbl/acre-foot1 Bbl = $22

2 ft VRM Curves 2D Inversion

h 67.00 ft 74.75 ftPor 25.8% 25.9%(1-Sw)69.5% 67.3%

OIIPOIIP 14,912,427 Bbl14,912,427 Bbl 16,173,193 Bbl16,173,193 BblValue Value 328 M$328 M$ 356 M$356 M$

HDIL VRMHDIL VRM

2D inversion2D inversion

volumetricsvolumetrics

porositiesporosities

WALS97201g

Step change through softwareStep change through software

Improved verticalResolution

RtRtGamma rayGamma ray

calipercaliper

RxoRxo MLLMLL

DLL DLL HDLL HDLL HDLL HDLL vsvs DLLDLL

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OutlineOutline

•• ObjectivesObjectives

•• Array tools: The PresentArray tools: The Present

KMS99001p

How from Today to How from Today to ‘‘Pie in the SkyPie in the Sky’’ (10 years)(10 years)

• Future technology already exists• Future is a different use of existing components• Aligned along maximum benefit (economic, technical)• Virtual computing brings revisitingPath• Identify objectives• Identify components… delivery vehicle: 3D cube

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DeepLookDeepLook: Vision: Vision

Vision2000Now

Bypassed production

Low well productivity

Expensive testing

Mis-positioned wells

Aquifer drive ??Reserves uncertainty

70%+ recoveryOptimal well

targeting

Right facilitiesMinimum water

production

Breakthrough

Interpretation

AnalysisAcquisition

Instrumentation

Pilot Projects 70%<35%KMS99001r

Key Enabling TechnologiesKey Enabling Technologies

Indirectsensing

Direct sensing

Analysis from wellbore

Emplacement

Data FusionPrediction

Optimize operation

Telemetry

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Scope of the ChallengeScope of the Challenge

Oil is trapped by surface tension and structure.

OilWater

Deep Look, 1995

Top sealOilNon pay

Formation waterSea water

Perforations

Unswept oil

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• Reservoir/production: Drainage– Measurements:

– NMR (fluids, texture), Susceptibility (mineralogy), Stress & structure (fractures, interwell geology), Horizontal well (guidance, assessment), Through-casing (existing reservoirs)

– Modeling & Inversion (logs and integration) UNCERTAINTIES

• Deep investigation techniques: The Next Generation– Cross-well techniques…selective cases– Single well/ cross-well seismic– Single well EM– Borehole gravity JOINT technology gives answer

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Formation Evaluation TrendsFormation Evaluation Trends

Shopping list:Shopping list:

• Optimum use of MWD & wireline– MWD: routine and steering– wireline: imaging and deep

• Advanced logs: mineralogy, downhole analysis..• Downhole laboratories & factories

– tie with SWD to seismic cube

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Integrated ReservoirIntegrated ReservoirCharacterization, logsCharacterization, logs

Large ScaleLarge ScaleOnshore 3Onshore 3--DDSeismic SurveysSeismic Surveys

Area WideArea WideNear SurfaceNear SurfaceModeling,Modeling,VSP supportedVSP supported

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Glue to the Information puzzleGlue to the Information puzzle

Glue components:Glue components:

• 3D VSP• Cross-well seismics• Hole-to-surface EM• Borehole gravity• Sub-seismic fracture mapping • Geostatistics

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3D Timesurface seismic migration

processed by ELF

3D VSP Migration (depth-to-time conversion)pasted intosurface seismic migration

3D VSP integration3D VSP integration

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Reservoir Connectivity Mapping (RCM)Reservoir Connectivity Mapping (RCM)

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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Relative Transmission Strength(db)

Dallas #7-5Gamma Ray

Dallas#7-7Gamma Ray

LogDistance (ft)D

Upper Channel Complex

Middle Channel Complex

Lower Channel Complex

Base of Gypsy Paleovalley

Reservoir Connectivity MapReservoir Connectivity MapGypsy Pilot SiteGypsy Pilot Sitewith prewith pre--survey geologic correlationssurvey geologic correlations

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Compact targetCompact target

ToolTool

(x, y, z) coordinates relative to tool(x, y, z) coordinates relative to tool

Can pinpoint location of compact target in uniform host, plus Can pinpoint location of compact target in uniform host, plus sign and magnitude of conductivity contrastsign and magnitude of conductivity contrast

TxTx RxRx

Directional Sensitivity Directional Sensitivity -- EMEM

KMS99001aa

SurfaceSurface--toto--hole EMhole EM

Site Map

Observation wellInjection well

503535N 4035

Surface-to-borehole profiles

Lost Hills 3T Steam flood Project

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Borehole Induction LogsBorehole Induction Logs

101100 102 103

503535S0

140101100 102 103 101100 102 103 101100 102 103

Resistivity (Ω-m)

0 m 25 m 50 m 90 mKMS99001cc

3 Ω−m

30 Ω−m

3 Ω−m

30 Ω−m

100 m105 m

Tx1Tx3Tx5Tx7Tx9Tx11Tx13Tx15

-20 m -60 m -100 m -140 m20 m60 m100 m140 m

30 Ω−m

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OilOil--Water Contact model Water Contact model -- EMEM

EM EM -- Resolution Analysis Resolution Analysis -- OWC ModelOWC Model

-140-100-60-202060100140Tx Position (m) wrt Borehole

618304254677991

103115128140

Bz & Bx - Receivers

101214161820

ties (

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Traditional Oil and Gas productionTraditional Oil and Gas production

KMS99001ff

BHGMBHGM--Derived Densities for 3 Derived Densities for 3 Annual Surveys in the RABI Oil-Rim

Repeat BHGM densities across Rabbi field gas/oil contact in Gabon.

Porosity: 24%,Gas D : 0.082 g/cc,Oil D :0.780 g/cc.

KMS99001gg

Structural Effect of Salt OverhangStructural Effect of Salt Overhang

KMS99001hh

BHGM field (black) & model (red) responseBHGM field (black) & model (red) responseto Slight Overhangto Slight Overhang

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Final interpreted Shape of Salt Dome with Final interpreted Shape of Salt Dome with field and model BHGM responsesfield and model BHGM responses

KMS99001jj

POSTPOST--STUDY DRILLING STRATEGY STUDY DRILLING STRATEGY

Avoid ‘super fractures’ with injectors and producers - ENE well trajectories

Maximize contact with matrix and small fractures - inclined wells

SubSub--seismic fractures from STARseismic fractures from STAR

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Shear fractures

WESTERN ATLASWESTERN ATLAS

Fractured reservoir exampleFractured reservoir example

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Creating the 3Creating the 3--D Reservoir ModelD Reservoir Model

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GeostatisticallyGeostatistically--Derived Porosity ModelDerived Porosity Model

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OutlineOutline

•• Conclusions Conclusions

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ConclusionsConclusions

• Advances driven by state-of-the-art

• Economic drive fuels the progress

• Integration provides added value

• General technologies (i.e. computing) will provide environment & continuous changes

• Objective: populations of 3D cube (tie to geology & seismic)

KMS99001pp

ML Academia

Service Industry

National Laboratories

Academia

Oil/Gas Industry

Technology providers

AGLAGL

KMS99001d

What would I do???What would I do???

KMS Technologies – KJT Enterprises Inc. 6420 Richmond Ave., Suite 610

Houston, Texas, 77057, USA Tel: 713.532.8144

info@kmstechnologies.com

Please visit us

http://www.kmstechnologies.com//

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