KMS Technologies – KJT Enterprises Inc.

Strack, K. – M.

The next paradigm: Integrating borehole & surface geophysical techniques for

better reservoir characterization

1999

Presentation

University of Houston

KMS99001a

The next paradigm: Integrating The next paradigm: Integrating

borehole & surface geophysical techniques borehole & surface geophysical techniques

for better reservoir characterizationfor better reservoir characterization

19991999

K.K.--M. StrackM. Strack

(After AFES, Strack ‘Pie in the Sky’, 1998)

Presentation challenge: ???Presentation challenge: ???

How do convey what I would be doing How do convey what I would be doing in the future without in the future without --

•• overloading an unknown audienceoverloading an unknown audience•• bragging about my great achievementsbragging about my great achievements•• knowing future technologiesknowing future technologies•• over promisingover promising ??????

Presentation ObjectivePresentation Objective

•• Display a vision based on data points.Display a vision based on data points.

•• Tie existing to my own experience.Tie existing to my own experience.

•• Link to AGL/Link to AGL/UofHUofH objectives.objectives.

……. Or just share my dream. Or just share my dream

KMS99001b

OutlineOutline

•• Paradigm ShiftParadigm Shift

•• Array tools: The Present (my past)Array tools: The Present (my past)

•• 3D volume integration: The Future3D volume integration: The Future

•• ConclusionsConclusions

PastPast PresentPresent FutureFutureModelingModeling

ImagingImagingModelingModeling

InterpretationInterpretation

Field LogsField Logs

EvaluationEvaluation

ImagingImagingModelingModeling

InterpretationInterpretation

Field LogField Log

EvaluationEvaluation

Field LogsField Logs

InterpretationInterpretation

IntegrationIntegration

EvaluationEvaluation

LogsLogs

ProcessingProcessing

KMS99001c

Designer wells Designer wells & reservoirs& reservoirs

Cost & value Cost & value domaindomain

The Paradigm Shift: log analysisThe Paradigm Shift: log analysis

ML Academia

Service Industry

National Laboratories

Academia

Oil/Gas Industry

Technology providers

AGLAGL

KMS99001d

The Paradigm Shift: the industryThe Paradigm Shift: the industry

Integrationinformation in the 3 D volume

Integrationinformation in the 3 D volume

The Paradigm Shift: information valueThe Paradigm Shift: information value

KMS99001e

OutlineOutline

•• Paradigm ShiftParadigm Shift

•• Array tools: The Present (my past)Array tools: The Present (my past)

•• 3D volume integration: The Future3D volume integration: The Future

•• ConclusionsConclusions

KMS99001f

Raw Array Data Inversion RtRaw Array Data Inversion RtApparent RtApparent Rt

DPIL

HDIL

Meters Meters vsvs acquisition systems: Inductionacquisition systems: Induction

WALS98209B

HDLL

′′V

V

′V

DLL

Raw Array Data Inversion RtRaw Array Data Inversion RtApparent RtApparent Rt

Meters Meters vsvs acquisition systems: Galvanicacquisition systems: Galvanic

WALS98209c

ArayAray tools:tools:……

• Model based interpretation• State-of-the art acquisition system ( 24 bit,

high data rates, full waveforms)• Software processing for improved S/N

KMS99001g

Measurements

Initial Guess

Final Model

Tools

Tools

Dat

a

Tools

Dat

aD

ata

Data to ModelData to Model

KMS99001j

Parameter subspace 2

Parameter subspace

1

Initial Guess

Nonlinear OptimizationNonlinear Optimization

KMS99001k

Data AcquisitionData Acquisition Data ModelingData ModelingFieldLogs

ModelLogs

Acquisition

Response

Excitation Acquisition

Response

Simulation

WALS98208u

Inversion: Process flowInversion: Process flow

Reserves estimateReserves estimateDPIL vs. HDILDPIL vs. HDIL

Net Pay and Saturation Analysis

DPIL HDILReservoir Thickness: 270 ftNet Pay (ft) 103.6 130.1Net Pay 38.4% 48.2%Por. Feet 15.4 ft 18.9 ftHyd. Feet 7.4 ft 9.2 ft

HDIL data allowed 24%HDIL data allowed 24%more OIIP be booked.more OIIP be booked.

HDILHDIL

DPILDPILHDILHDILDPILDPIL

Step change through hardwareStep change through hardware

WALS98209g

2 ft VRM vs 2D Inversion

OIIP = (A*h)*Por*(1-Sw)A= 160 acreAssume 7,758 API Bbl/acre-foot1 Bbl = $22

2 ft VRM Curves 2D Inversion

h 67.00 ft 74.75 ftPor 25.8% 25.9%(1-Sw)69.5% 67.3%

OIIPOIIP 14,912,427 Bbl14,912,427 Bbl 16,173,193 Bbl16,173,193 BblValue Value 328 M$328 M$ 356 M$356 M$

HDIL VRMHDIL VRM

2D inversion2D inversion

volumetricsvolumetrics

porositiesporosities

SwSw

WALS97201g

Step change through softwareStep change through software

Improved verticalResolution

RtRtGamma rayGamma ray

calipercaliper

SPSP

RxoRxo MLLMLL

DLL DLL HDLL HDLL HDLL HDLL vsvs DLLDLL

WALS98209i

OutlineOutline

•• ObjectivesObjectives

•• Array tools: The PresentArray tools: The Present

•• 3D volume integration: The Future3D volume integration: The Future

•• ConclusionsConclusions

KMS99001p

How from Today to How from Today to ‘‘Pie in the SkyPie in the Sky’’ (10 years)(10 years)

• Future technology already exists• Future is a different use of existing components• Aligned along maximum benefit (economic, technical)• Virtual computing brings revisitingPath• Identify objectives• Identify components… delivery vehicle: 3D cube

KMS99001q

DeepLookDeepLook: Vision: Vision

Vision2000Now

Bypassed production

Low well productivity

Expensive testing

Mis-positioned wells

Aquifer drive ??Reserves uncertainty

70%+ recoveryOptimal well

targeting

Right facilitiesMinimum water

production

Breakthrough

Interpretation

AnalysisAcquisition

Instrumentation

Pilot Projects 70%<35%KMS99001r

Key Enabling TechnologiesKey Enabling Technologies

Indirectsensing

Direct sensing

Analysis from wellbore

Emplacement

Data FusionPrediction

Optimize operation

Telemetry

KMS99001s

Scope of the ChallengeScope of the Challenge

Oil is trapped by surface tension and structure.

grain

OilWater

1 mm

Deep Look, 1995

Top sealOilNon pay

Formation waterSea water

Perforations

Unswept oil

KMS99001t

• Reservoir/production: Drainage– Measurements:

– NMR (fluids, texture), Susceptibility (mineralogy), Stress & structure (fractures, interwell geology), Horizontal well (guidance, assessment), Through-casing (existing reservoirs)

– Modeling & Inversion (logs and integration) UNCERTAINTIES

• Deep investigation techniques: The Next Generation– Cross-well techniques…selective cases– Single well/ cross-well seismic– Single well EM– Borehole gravity JOINT technology gives answer

KMS99001u

Formation Evaluation TrendsFormation Evaluation Trends

Shopping list:Shopping list:

• Optimum use of MWD & wireline– MWD: routine and steering– wireline: imaging and deep

• Advanced logs: mineralogy, downhole analysis..• Downhole laboratories & factories

– tie with SWD to seismic cube

KMS99001v

Integrated ReservoirIntegrated ReservoirCharacterization, logsCharacterization, logs

Large ScaleLarge ScaleOnshore 3Onshore 3--DDSeismic SurveysSeismic Surveys

Area WideArea WideNear SurfaceNear SurfaceModeling,Modeling,VSP supportedVSP supported

KMS99001w

Glue to the Information puzzleGlue to the Information puzzle

Glue components:Glue components:

• 3D VSP• Cross-well seismics• Hole-to-surface EM• Borehole gravity• Sub-seismic fracture mapping • Geostatistics

KMS99001v

3D Timesurface seismic migration

processed by ELF

3D VSP Migration (depth-to-time conversion)pasted intosurface seismic migration

3D VSP integration3D VSP integration

KMS99001x

Reservoir Connectivity Mapping (RCM)Reservoir Connectivity Mapping (RCM)

KMS99001y

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

1050

1000

950

900

850

Relative Transmission Strength(db)

Dallas #7-5Gamma Ray

Log

Dallas#7-7Gamma Ray

LogDistance (ft)D

epth

(ft)

0 24

Upper Channel Complex

Middle Channel Complex

Lower Channel Complex

Base of Gypsy Paleovalley

Reservoir Connectivity MapReservoir Connectivity MapGypsy Pilot SiteGypsy Pilot Sitewith prewith pre--survey geologic correlationssurvey geologic correlations

KMS99001z

Compact targetCompact target

ToolTool

(x, y, z) coordinates relative to tool(x, y, z) coordinates relative to tool

Can pinpoint location of compact target in uniform host, plus Can pinpoint location of compact target in uniform host, plus sign and magnitude of conductivity contrastsign and magnitude of conductivity contrast

TxTx RxRx

Directional Sensitivity Directional Sensitivity -- EMEM

KMS99001aa

SurfaceSurface--toto--hole EMhole EM

Site Map

Observation wellInjection well

35S

503535N 4035

Surface-to-borehole profiles

25 m

N

Lost Hills 3T Steam flood Project

KMS99001bb

Borehole Induction LogsBorehole Induction Logs

101100 102 103

503535S0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Dep

th (m

)

35N0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

40340

20

40

60

80

100

120

140101100 102 103 101100 102 103 101100 102 103

Resistivity (Ω-m)

SW NE

0 m 25 m 50 m 90 mKMS99001cc

z

xy

3 Ω−m

30 Ω−m

3 Ω−m

3 Ω−m

30 Ω−m

60 m

75 m

90 m

100 m105 m

115 m

0 m

Tx1Tx3Tx5Tx7Tx9Tx11Tx13Tx15

-20 m -60 m -100 m -140 m20 m60 m100 m140 m

30 Ω−m

140 m

KMS99001dd

OilOil--Water Contact model Water Contact model -- EMEM

EM EM -- Resolution Analysis Resolution Analysis -- OWC ModelOWC Model

-140-100-60-202060100140Tx Position (m) wrt Borehole

Rec

eive

r Dep

th (m

)

618304254677991

103115128140

Bz & Bx - Receivers

02468

101214161820

Para

met

er U

ncer

tain

ties (

%)

OWC

KMS99001ee

Traditional Oil and Gas productionTraditional Oil and Gas production

KMS99001ff

BHGMBHGM--Derived Densities for 3 Derived Densities for 3 Annual Surveys in the RABI Oil-Rim

Repeat BHGM densities across Rabbi field gas/oil contact in Gabon.

Porosity: 24%,Gas D : 0.082 g/cc,Oil D :0.780 g/cc.

KMS99001gg

Structural Effect of Salt OverhangStructural Effect of Salt Overhang

KMS99001hh

BHGM field (black) & model (red) responseBHGM field (black) & model (red) responseto Slight Overhangto Slight Overhang

KMS99001ii

Final interpreted Shape of Salt Dome with Final interpreted Shape of Salt Dome with field and model BHGM responsesfield and model BHGM responses

KMS99001jj

POSTPOST--STUDY DRILLING STRATEGY STUDY DRILLING STRATEGY

Avoid ‘super fractures’ with injectors and producers - ENE well trajectories

Maximize contact with matrix and small fractures - inclined wells

SubSub--seismic fractures from STARseismic fractures from STAR

KMS99001kk

Shear fractures

+-

WESTERN ATLASWESTERN ATLAS

Fractured reservoir exampleFractured reservoir example

KMS99001ll

?

Creating the 3Creating the 3--D Reservoir ModelD Reservoir Model

KMS99001mm

GeostatisticallyGeostatistically--Derived Porosity ModelDerived Porosity Model

KMS99001nn

OutlineOutline

•• Paradigm ShiftParadigm Shift

•• Array tools: The Present (my past)Array tools: The Present (my past)

•• 3D volume integration: The Future3D volume integration: The Future

•• Conclusions Conclusions

KMS99001oo

ConclusionsConclusions

• Advances driven by state-of-the-art

• Economic drive fuels the progress

• Integration provides added value

• General technologies (i.e. computing) will provide environment & continuous changes

• Objective: populations of 3D cube (tie to geology & seismic)

KMS99001pp

ML Academia

Service Industry

National Laboratories

Academia

Oil/Gas Industry

Technology providers

AGLAGL

KMS99001d

What would I do???What would I do???

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Houston, Texas, 77057, USA Tel: 713.532.8144

info@kmstechnologies.com

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