KMS Technologies – KJT Enterprises Inc.
Strack, K. – M.
The next paradigm: Integrating borehole & surface geophysical techniques for
better reservoir characterization
1999
Presentation
University of Houston
KMS99001a
The next paradigm: Integrating The next paradigm: Integrating
borehole & surface geophysical techniques borehole & surface geophysical techniques
for better reservoir characterizationfor better reservoir characterization
19991999
K.K.--M. StrackM. Strack
(After AFES, Strack ‘Pie in the Sky’, 1998)
Presentation challenge: ???Presentation challenge: ???
How do convey what I would be doing How do convey what I would be doing in the future without in the future without --
•• overloading an unknown audienceoverloading an unknown audience•• bragging about my great achievementsbragging about my great achievements•• knowing future technologiesknowing future technologies•• over promisingover promising ??????
Presentation ObjectivePresentation Objective
•• Display a vision based on data points.Display a vision based on data points.
•• Tie existing to my own experience.Tie existing to my own experience.
•• Link to AGL/Link to AGL/UofHUofH objectives.objectives.
……. Or just share my dream. Or just share my dream
KMS99001b
OutlineOutline
•• Paradigm ShiftParadigm Shift
•• Array tools: The Present (my past)Array tools: The Present (my past)
•• 3D volume integration: The Future3D volume integration: The Future
•• ConclusionsConclusions
PastPast PresentPresent FutureFutureModelingModeling
ImagingImagingModelingModeling
InterpretationInterpretation
Field LogsField Logs
EvaluationEvaluation
ImagingImagingModelingModeling
InterpretationInterpretation
Field LogField Log
EvaluationEvaluation
Field LogsField Logs
InterpretationInterpretation
IntegrationIntegration
EvaluationEvaluation
LogsLogs
ProcessingProcessing
KMS99001c
Designer wells Designer wells & reservoirs& reservoirs
Cost & value Cost & value domaindomain
The Paradigm Shift: log analysisThe Paradigm Shift: log analysis
ML Academia
Service Industry
National Laboratories
Academia
Oil/Gas Industry
Technology providers
AGLAGL
KMS99001d
The Paradigm Shift: the industryThe Paradigm Shift: the industry
Integrationinformation in the 3 D volume
Integrationinformation in the 3 D volume
The Paradigm Shift: information valueThe Paradigm Shift: information value
KMS99001e
OutlineOutline
•• Paradigm ShiftParadigm Shift
•• Array tools: The Present (my past)Array tools: The Present (my past)
•• 3D volume integration: The Future3D volume integration: The Future
•• ConclusionsConclusions
KMS99001f
Raw Array Data Inversion RtRaw Array Data Inversion RtApparent RtApparent Rt
DPIL
HDIL
Meters Meters vsvs acquisition systems: Inductionacquisition systems: Induction
WALS98209B
HDLL
′′V
V
′V
DLL
Raw Array Data Inversion RtRaw Array Data Inversion RtApparent RtApparent Rt
Meters Meters vsvs acquisition systems: Galvanicacquisition systems: Galvanic
WALS98209c
ArayAray tools:tools:……
• Model based interpretation• State-of-the art acquisition system ( 24 bit,
high data rates, full waveforms)• Software processing for improved S/N
KMS99001g
Measurements
Initial Guess
Final Model
Tools
Tools
Dat
a
Tools
Dat
aD
ata
Data to ModelData to Model
KMS99001j
Parameter subspace 2
Parameter subspace
1
Initial Guess
Nonlinear OptimizationNonlinear Optimization
KMS99001k
Data AcquisitionData Acquisition Data ModelingData ModelingFieldLogs
ModelLogs
Acquisition
Response
Excitation Acquisition
Response
Simulation
WALS98208u
Inversion: Process flowInversion: Process flow
Reserves estimateReserves estimateDPIL vs. HDILDPIL vs. HDIL
Net Pay and Saturation Analysis
DPIL HDILReservoir Thickness: 270 ftNet Pay (ft) 103.6 130.1Net Pay 38.4% 48.2%Por. Feet 15.4 ft 18.9 ftHyd. Feet 7.4 ft 9.2 ft
HDIL data allowed 24%HDIL data allowed 24%more OIIP be booked.more OIIP be booked.
HDILHDIL
DPILDPILHDILHDILDPILDPIL
Step change through hardwareStep change through hardware
WALS98209g
2 ft VRM vs 2D Inversion
OIIP = (A*h)*Por*(1-Sw)A= 160 acreAssume 7,758 API Bbl/acre-foot1 Bbl = $22
2 ft VRM Curves 2D Inversion
h 67.00 ft 74.75 ftPor 25.8% 25.9%(1-Sw)69.5% 67.3%
OIIPOIIP 14,912,427 Bbl14,912,427 Bbl 16,173,193 Bbl16,173,193 BblValue Value 328 M$328 M$ 356 M$356 M$
HDIL VRMHDIL VRM
2D inversion2D inversion
volumetricsvolumetrics
porositiesporosities
SwSw
WALS97201g
Step change through softwareStep change through software
Improved verticalResolution
RtRtGamma rayGamma ray
calipercaliper
SPSP
RxoRxo MLLMLL
DLL DLL HDLL HDLL HDLL HDLL vsvs DLLDLL
WALS98209i
OutlineOutline
•• ObjectivesObjectives
•• Array tools: The PresentArray tools: The Present
•• 3D volume integration: The Future3D volume integration: The Future
•• ConclusionsConclusions
KMS99001p
How from Today to How from Today to ‘‘Pie in the SkyPie in the Sky’’ (10 years)(10 years)
• Future technology already exists• Future is a different use of existing components• Aligned along maximum benefit (economic, technical)• Virtual computing brings revisitingPath• Identify objectives• Identify components… delivery vehicle: 3D cube
KMS99001q
DeepLookDeepLook: Vision: Vision
Vision2000Now
Bypassed production
Low well productivity
Expensive testing
Mis-positioned wells
Aquifer drive ??Reserves uncertainty
70%+ recoveryOptimal well
targeting
Right facilitiesMinimum water
production
Breakthrough
Interpretation
AnalysisAcquisition
Instrumentation
Pilot Projects 70%<35%KMS99001r
Key Enabling TechnologiesKey Enabling Technologies
Indirectsensing
Direct sensing
Analysis from wellbore
Emplacement
Data FusionPrediction
Optimize operation
Telemetry
KMS99001s
Scope of the ChallengeScope of the Challenge
Oil is trapped by surface tension and structure.
grain
OilWater
1 mm
Deep Look, 1995
Top sealOilNon pay
Formation waterSea water
Perforations
Unswept oil
KMS99001t
• Reservoir/production: Drainage– Measurements:
– NMR (fluids, texture), Susceptibility (mineralogy), Stress & structure (fractures, interwell geology), Horizontal well (guidance, assessment), Through-casing (existing reservoirs)
– Modeling & Inversion (logs and integration) UNCERTAINTIES
• Deep investigation techniques: The Next Generation– Cross-well techniques…selective cases– Single well/ cross-well seismic– Single well EM– Borehole gravity JOINT technology gives answer
KMS99001u
Formation Evaluation TrendsFormation Evaluation Trends
Shopping list:Shopping list:
• Optimum use of MWD & wireline– MWD: routine and steering– wireline: imaging and deep
• Advanced logs: mineralogy, downhole analysis..• Downhole laboratories & factories
– tie with SWD to seismic cube
KMS99001v
Integrated ReservoirIntegrated ReservoirCharacterization, logsCharacterization, logs
Large ScaleLarge ScaleOnshore 3Onshore 3--DDSeismic SurveysSeismic Surveys
Area WideArea WideNear SurfaceNear SurfaceModeling,Modeling,VSP supportedVSP supported
KMS99001w
Glue to the Information puzzleGlue to the Information puzzle
Glue components:Glue components:
• 3D VSP• Cross-well seismics• Hole-to-surface EM• Borehole gravity• Sub-seismic fracture mapping • Geostatistics
KMS99001v
3D Timesurface seismic migration
processed by ELF
3D VSP Migration (depth-to-time conversion)pasted intosurface seismic migration
3D VSP integration3D VSP integration
KMS99001x
Reservoir Connectivity Mapping (RCM)Reservoir Connectivity Mapping (RCM)
KMS99001y
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
1050
1000
950
900
850
Relative Transmission Strength(db)
Dallas #7-5Gamma Ray
Log
Dallas#7-7Gamma Ray
LogDistance (ft)D
epth
(ft)
0 24
Upper Channel Complex
Middle Channel Complex
Lower Channel Complex
Base of Gypsy Paleovalley
Reservoir Connectivity MapReservoir Connectivity MapGypsy Pilot SiteGypsy Pilot Sitewith prewith pre--survey geologic correlationssurvey geologic correlations
KMS99001z
Compact targetCompact target
ToolTool
(x, y, z) coordinates relative to tool(x, y, z) coordinates relative to tool
Can pinpoint location of compact target in uniform host, plus Can pinpoint location of compact target in uniform host, plus sign and magnitude of conductivity contrastsign and magnitude of conductivity contrast
TxTx RxRx
Directional Sensitivity Directional Sensitivity -- EMEM
KMS99001aa
SurfaceSurface--toto--hole EMhole EM
Site Map
Observation wellInjection well
35S
503535N 4035
Surface-to-borehole profiles
25 m
N
Lost Hills 3T Steam flood Project
KMS99001bb
Borehole Induction LogsBorehole Induction Logs
101100 102 103
503535S0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Dep
th (m
)
35N0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
40340
20
40
60
80
100
120
140101100 102 103 101100 102 103 101100 102 103
Resistivity (Ω-m)
SW NE
0 m 25 m 50 m 90 mKMS99001cc
z
xy
3 Ω−m
30 Ω−m
3 Ω−m
3 Ω−m
30 Ω−m
60 m
75 m
90 m
100 m105 m
115 m
0 m
Tx1Tx3Tx5Tx7Tx9Tx11Tx13Tx15
-20 m -60 m -100 m -140 m20 m60 m100 m140 m
30 Ω−m
140 m
KMS99001dd
OilOil--Water Contact model Water Contact model -- EMEM
EM EM -- Resolution Analysis Resolution Analysis -- OWC ModelOWC Model
-140-100-60-202060100140Tx Position (m) wrt Borehole
Rec
eive
r Dep
th (m
)
618304254677991
103115128140
Bz & Bx - Receivers
02468
101214161820
Para
met
er U
ncer
tain
ties (
%)
OWC
KMS99001ee
Traditional Oil and Gas productionTraditional Oil and Gas production
KMS99001ff
BHGMBHGM--Derived Densities for 3 Derived Densities for 3 Annual Surveys in the RABI Oil-Rim
Repeat BHGM densities across Rabbi field gas/oil contact in Gabon.
Porosity: 24%,Gas D : 0.082 g/cc,Oil D :0.780 g/cc.
KMS99001gg
Structural Effect of Salt OverhangStructural Effect of Salt Overhang
KMS99001hh
BHGM field (black) & model (red) responseBHGM field (black) & model (red) responseto Slight Overhangto Slight Overhang
KMS99001ii
Final interpreted Shape of Salt Dome with Final interpreted Shape of Salt Dome with field and model BHGM responsesfield and model BHGM responses
KMS99001jj
POSTPOST--STUDY DRILLING STRATEGY STUDY DRILLING STRATEGY
Avoid ‘super fractures’ with injectors and producers - ENE well trajectories
Maximize contact with matrix and small fractures - inclined wells
SubSub--seismic fractures from STARseismic fractures from STAR
KMS99001kk
Shear fractures
+-
WESTERN ATLASWESTERN ATLAS
Fractured reservoir exampleFractured reservoir example
KMS99001ll
?
Creating the 3Creating the 3--D Reservoir ModelD Reservoir Model
KMS99001mm
GeostatisticallyGeostatistically--Derived Porosity ModelDerived Porosity Model
KMS99001nn
OutlineOutline
•• Paradigm ShiftParadigm Shift
•• Array tools: The Present (my past)Array tools: The Present (my past)
•• 3D volume integration: The Future3D volume integration: The Future
•• Conclusions Conclusions
KMS99001oo
ConclusionsConclusions
• Advances driven by state-of-the-art
• Economic drive fuels the progress
• Integration provides added value
• General technologies (i.e. computing) will provide environment & continuous changes
• Objective: populations of 3D cube (tie to geology & seismic)
KMS99001pp
ML Academia
Service Industry
National Laboratories
Academia
Oil/Gas Industry
Technology providers
AGLAGL
KMS99001d
What would I do???What would I do???
KMS Technologies – KJT Enterprises Inc. 6420 Richmond Ave., Suite 610
Houston, Texas, 77057, USA Tel: 713.532.8144
Please visit us
http://www.kmstechnologies.com//