Post on 08-Aug-2018
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1Challenge the future
Energy in Emerging Markets
Smart Energy Products
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2Challenge the future
Smart Water Purifier
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3Challenge the future
The minimum amount of water needed for drinking,
cooking, bathing, and sanitation is 13 gallons (50 liters)
(WHO figure)
The average person in the Netherlands uses only 27 gallons(104 liters) per day for the same tasks.
The average person in the African nation of Gambia uses
only 1.17 gallons (4.5 liters) of water per day.
12 percent of the world's population uses 85 percent of its
water
Facts around the Globe
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Over 780 million do not have access to clean, safe water
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Unsafe water is the biggest killer of
children under five; around 90% ofall diarrheal deaths are in this age
group.
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80% of all illness in the developing world comes from water born
diseases.
For many people in African region, few water sources mean long queues. The
result is many people collect water from polluted sources.
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7Challenge the future
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8Challenge the future
Our Project
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9Challenge the future
Method
GranulatedActivated carbon Carbon Block
ReverseOsmosis (RO) Distillation
Ultraviolet(UV)
Impurity
Bacteria POOR AVERAGE POOR GOOD GOOD
Cysts POOR AVERAGE GOOD GOOD GOOD
Asbestos POOR AVERAGE GOOD GOOD -
Heavy Metals LEAD ONLY AVERAGE GOOD GOOD -
Chlorine GOOD GOOD GOOD GOOD -
OrganicMatter AVERAGE GOOD AVERAGE AVERAGE -
OrganicChemicals SOME AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE -
Pesticides SOME SOME AVERAGE AVERAGE -
IMPURITIES vs METHODS
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Tech
nology
Power
Pollutants
Applications
DESIGN
FACTORS
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11Challenge the future
POLLUTANTS TECHNOLOGY POWER APPLICATIONS
Virus Bacteria
Salts
Metals
Organic-
Material
Micro-organisms
Dust-soil
UV Ray Activated-
Carbon
Reverse
osmosis
(RO)
Membrane Boiling
Ceramic
Filters
Sun
Wind
Human
effort
Electricity
(if
available)
Water
Pollution
Limited
clean water
resources
Disaster No
electricity
WATER FILTERROAD MAP
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12Challenge the future
Water from
the source
Yes No
Is it Saline
(Salt
Concentration> 1000 ppm )
4 stage
purification3 stage
purification
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3 STAGE PURIFICATION
Water from
Source
Solid block
carbon
UV Light
Polypropylene
Foam/sponge
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14Challenge the future
Impure Water
Purified Water
Filter Element
UV Ray Generator
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15Challenge the future
Impure Water
Purified Water
Filter Element
UV Ray Generator
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16Challenge the future
POLYPROPYLENE FOAM
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17Challenge the future
PROPERTIES
Bacteria Static Bacteria cannot live or grow on
Propylene surface.
Can filter particulate size up-to 5 microns
Long lasting
Cost effective
Flexible, hence can be molded into any shape
Melting point : 160-171 degree celcius
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GRANULATED CARBON BLOCK
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PROPERTIES
Filters up-to 1 microns (smallest bacterias size is 3 microns)
one gram of activated carbon has a surface area in excess of
500 m2
Coconut shell carbon block eco friendly
Economical
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20Challenge the future
Polypropylene Foam
20 mm thick
Solid Block Carbon
20 mm
Casing / Cage
SECTIONAL VIEW OF
FILTER ARRAY
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21Challenge the future
Polypropylene Foam
Solid Block Carbon
Casing / Cage
TOP VIEW OF FILTER
ARRAY
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22Challenge the future
DISADVATAGES
Polypropylene is liable to chain degradation from exposure
to heat and UV radiation
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23Challenge the future
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4 STAGE PURIFICATION
Water fromSource
Solar
evaporative
distillationSolid block
carbon
UV Ray
Polypropylene
Foam/sponge
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DISTILLATION TANK
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4 Stage Filtration
Distillation Tank
Filter
Solar Panel Heating element
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OUTPUT ANALYSIS (Distillation without Heating element)
Net solar insolation (Q) = 2200 KWh/m2 year
365
= 6.027 KWh/m2 day
Latent heat of vaporization of water (L) = 2160 KJ/Kg
Efficiency = 0.71
Solar Distillation output (Kg/m2 day) = Q / L
= 0.71 X 6.027 X 3.6 X 106 =
2160 X 1037.13 L / m2
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29Challenge the future
OUTPUT ANALYSIS (Distillation with heating element)
Net solar insolation (Q) = 2200 KWh/m2 year
365
= 6.027 KWh/m2 day
Heat addition = 6 KWh
Latent heat of vaporization of water (L) = 2160 KJ/Kg
Coefficient of performance = 0.71
Solar Distillation output (Kg/m2 day) = Q / L
= {(0.71 X 6.027) + 6 } X 3.6 X 106 =
2160 X 10317.13 L / m2
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30Challenge the future
Giardia cysts
Size 6 -10 microns
Main cause of Diarrhea
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Bacteria: e-coli, giardia, fecal coliform, cholera andcysts
Inorganic: heavy metals, fluoride
Organics: chemicals such as chlorine, benzene, etc.
Radionuclides: radium 226/228, uranium
Particulates: dirt, sand, rust, etc.
Distillation working on evaporation does not requireSunlight hence will work during night also
Advantages
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32Challenge the future
Desalinisation using solar energy
Desalination using reverse osmosis
Costs
Distillation 0.35 $/m3 to 0.70 $/m3
Reverse osmosis 0.50 $/m3
Reverse
Osmoses
Multi Effect
Distillation
ECONOMIC / COST ANALYSIS
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Challenges to be faced
User acceptance
Infrastructure integration
Governmental regulations
SOCIETY/USER ISSUES
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Portable small size
Cost efficient
High efficiency
Easy maintenance
USER ACCEPTANCE
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No major changes required
Mounting solar cell on roofs
Distillation tank on roof
Subsidy from government in replacement/exchange of component
INFRASTRUCTURE INTEGRATION/
GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS
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37Challenge the future