Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

transcript

March 8 th 2006, Carla Speel

Content of presentation:

•Land use planning in the Netherlands in general

•Land use planning and pipelines in the Netherlands

•Pipelines and existing policies

•Pipelines and new risk distances

•Consequences and measures

Spatial planning in the Netherlands in general

All authorities: responsible for spatial planning

City councils: Zoning plans

• Use of land (residential area, industry, recreation,

business district, catering industry)

• Interests of several parties laid down in zoning plan

• Three components (explanation/ map/ regulations)

• Review every 10 year

• Modifications: permission of higher authority required

• Objection and appeal possible

length of transmissio

n gaspipelines (* 1000)

area in km2 (*1

inhabitants in millio

relation m pipeline/square km

relation inhabitants/square km

The Netherlands

Germany

France

100,00

200,00

300,00

400,00

500,00

600,00

Spatial planning in the Netherlands in general•Netherlands: densely populated country

•High pressure on land use/ utilize every inch of space

•Therefore:

• Spatial planning is very important and complex

• External safety: probabilistic (risk) approach

• Balance between LUP and external safety

• Location-based risk and societal risk

Pipelines in the Netherlands

Red: gas, 60 bar

Blue: gas, 40 bar

Green: oil

Yellow: chemicals

Spatial planning of pipelines in the Netherlands• 1985: Structure plan for pipelines in the Netherlands

• Long term planning for reservation of future continuous

networklanes for pipelines: national net

• Every lane may contain several main transport pipelines

• Lanes should be implemented in regional and local

zoning plans

• Conclusion after 20 years: The implementation has

taken place inadequately

• Consequence: insufficient reservation for pipelines in

local plans

Pipelines and existing policies

•1984: regulation for gaspipelines

•Purpose: Zoning between dangerous gaspipelines and

residential areas in case of:

• Construction of new pipelines

• Building of new residential areas in the vicinity of

existing pipelines

•Safety distances are based on risk assessment

• Location-based risk

Minimum distance to residential areas (meters)

diameter 20-50 bar 50-80-bar 80-110 bar

2” 4 5 5

6” 4 5 7

12” 14 17 20

16” 20 20 25

18” -- 20 25

36” -- 35 45

48” -- 50 60

•Recently: new study at safety distances

• Improved calculation-models for risk assessment

• New information on frequency of pipeline ruptures and

their effects

•Conclusion: new safety distances appear in many cases

larger than “old” distances from regulation for gaspipelines

• Wall thickness and depth of cover are the qualifying

circumstances

•Solution: measures at pipelines will reduce new distance

•Consultations between pipeline operators and local

authorities

10-6 10-6

Old risk distance Old risk distance

New risk distance New risk distancegaspipeline

•Control measures:

• Camera supervision

• More frequently helicopter survey

• New legislation to prevent accidents from external

interference (digging activities by third parties)

•Technical measures:

• Enlarge covering above pipeline (raising soil above

pipeline)

• Cover pipeline with concrete plate

• Ultimate measure: Move of pipeline

Conclusions:

•It is a complex matter to combine all essential interests in

land use planning: aim at balance

•Risk approach:

• Acknowledgement of interests of all activities

• Attempts to combine all interests in LUP

•Good communication with local authorities is important

Land use planning and policies in the Netherlands

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