Lección Preliminar

Repaso de Español 1

Los básicosSpanish 1 gave you all of the building blocks to be successful for Spanish 2. We are going to review most of the key concepts.

What did we learn in Spanish I?

Greetings/farewells

Telling time

Countries/capitals

Where you are from

The alphabet

Numbers 1-10

If you don’t remeber some of these, go back and review old notes and/or look through an old Spanish 1 book. (We will not spend time reviewing these topics…)

What we will cover…Articles

Subject pronouns + ser

Adjective + noun agreement

Tener

Gustar

Ir (to go)

Ser vs. Estar

Present tense

Regular vs. Irregular verbs

Completely irregularYo/Go verbs Boot verbs

Let’s Get Started…

ArticlesDefinite (Specific)

El La

Los Las

Indefinite(non-specific)

Un Una

Unos unas

THE A, AN, SOME

Examples:Definite

El libro = the book

Los chicos = the boys

La falda = the skirt

Las chaquetas = the jackets

Indefinite

Un libro = a book

Unos chicos = some boys

Una falda = a skirt

Unas chaquetas = some jackets

Una manzana = an apple

Subject Pronouns + SerSubject Pronouns

Singular pluralI We

You Ya’llHe/she/it

(You formal)they

(You all formal)

Ser

Singular Plural

Am AreAre AreIs

(are)are

What do they mean in English?

Subject Pronouns + Ser (In Spanish)

Subject Pronouns

Singular pluralYo NosotrosTú Vosotros

Él, Ella, Usted

Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes

Ser

Singular Plural

Soy SomosEres SoisEs Son

*Remember: there is not a subject pronoun for “it”

Remember…Most Latin Americans do not use the “Vosotros” form (This form is from Spain)If they want to use the “you all” form, they usually use the “ustedes” form (whether it is familiar or formal)

ExamplesNow just combine them to make logical sentences…

Yo soy la maestra.Ellos son estudiantes.

Nosotros somos trabajadores.

Adjective + noun agreement

Adjectives usually come after the noun it describesAdjectives must match their nouns in both

Gender Number

ExamplesMaría wears yellow shoes. =

María lleva los zapatos amarillos.

*Amarillo = amarillos because it describes the shoes, not María.

*(don’t forget that the article must agree as well)

Now you can combine Names, pronouns, ser and adjectives to describe people…

La chica se llama María. Ella es de California. Ella es alta y cómica y lleva los zapatos amarillos. También, lleva un vestido rojo.

Note:As you read more advanced Spanish, you will notice that the adjective sometimes come before the noun…

Reinforcing adjectives (in literature…la oscura noche)Non-descriptive adjectives (ie. Muchos, pocos…)Meaning – changing (buen amigo… viejo amigo…)

Tener (To have)There are 3 reasons to use “tener”

To talk about what you have/possess To express ageTo talk about “What you have to do…”

Tener (cont.)Tengo TenemosTienes TenéisTiene Tienen

ExamplesYo tengo dos amigos. (possession)Los chicos tienen diez años. (age)Nosotros tenemos que estudiar. (what we have to do.) Tener + que + infinitive

Gustar (to like)You must treat gustar differently!!!You can’t conjugate it like normal…

You will use gusta or gustan (in the present tense)You must use “gustar” pronounsYou have to use the “personal A” with the person who is doing the “liking”

Subjects

A mí A Nosotros

A ti A Vosotros

A Él A Ella A Usted

A EllosA Ellas

A Ustedes

Gustar Pronouns

Me NosTe OsLe Les

2 Ways to use gustarWith Verbs

Gusta +

the infinitive

With nouns

Gusta + singular nouns

Gustan + plural nouns

ExamplesA mí me gusta bailar.A Carlos le gustan las uvas. A Sofía y a mí nos gusta cantar. A los chicos les gusta hablar por teléfono.

Ir (to go)2 ways to use “ir”

To tell where you are going (ir + a + place)To tell what you are going to do (ir + a + infinitive)

The conjugationVoy Vamos

Vas Vais

Va van

Examples: Ir + a + place

Voy a la cafetería.Vamos a la playa.Marco y Basilio van al parque.

Examples: Ir + a + infinitive

Vamos a bailar.Voy a cantar.La chica va a pasar un rato con los amigos.

Ser vs. EstarThey both mean

TO BE

The conjugations…SER

Soy SomosEres Sois

Es Son

ESTAR

Estoy EstamosEstás EstáisEstá Están

The differenceSer

(more permanent)Profession

Where you are from

To describe people or places

Time

Estar(less permanent)Emotions

Conditions

Location

Current actions

The Present TenseTo talk about things in the present!

The verb endings…-ar

- o - amos

- as - áis

- a - an

-er

- o - emos

- es - éis

- e - en

-ir

- o - imos

- es - ís

- e - en

Sample Verbs- Ar - Er - ir

Bailar Comer VivirCantar Correr AbrirPasar leer Escribirllegar Atender recibir

comprar creer asistir

ExamplesYo canto todos los días. Carla baila en el club los sabados. Mario lee sus libros en la biblioteca. Nosotros vivimos en una casa grande.

Don’t forget to use adverbs to enhance your sentences.

AdverbsSiempre, rara vez, nunca (before the verb)Mucho, poco (after the verb)Todos los dias, de vez en cuando, a veces (before or after the sentence/independent clause)

Irregular verbs in the present tense

4 typesCompletely irregular

Yo VerbsGo Verbs

Boot verbs

Completely irregular

Ser Ir

Verbs that are irregular in all forms!!

X X

X XX X

Yo VerbsVerbs that are irregular in

only the “yo” form

Dar (to give)

Estar (to be)

Conocer (to know someone)

Saber (to know something)

Conducir (to drive)

Traducir (to translate)

Ver (to see)

X

Go Verbs are irregular in only the “yo” form & end in - go

Hacer (to do/make)Salir (to leave)Poner (to put/place)Traer (to bring)Caer (to fall)

X(end in –go)

Boot VerbsWe will cover these verbs in the next lesson!!

Foldable TimeWe are going to make a booklet…