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- 1. SPECIFIC IMMUNITY BIOL-261 Microbiology
- 2. I. Four Types of Specific Immunity
- Definition of specific immunity: The immunochemical process of
recognizing and destroying specific foreign cells or
substances.
- NATURALLY ACQUIRED ACTIVE IMMUNITY produced when foreign
antigens enter the body. Two types:
- 1. Humoral Immunity - elicits the production of antibodies
against antigens.
- 2. Cell Mediated Immunity - triggers specialized lymphocytes
(T- cells)
- 3. B. NATURALLY ACQUIRED PASSIVE IMMUNITY
- Breast Milk IgA ( a type of antibody) and monocytes.
- Colostrum contains bifidus factors, antibodies that protect the
newborn gastrointestinal tract.
- IgG a type of antibody that is transplacental and protects the
infant up to 3 months.
- 4. C. ARTIFICIALLY ACQUIRED ACTIVE IMMUNITY
- Immunity provided by vaccination.
- (DTP) Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis
- (MMR) Measles Mumps Rubella
- (HIB) Haemophilus Influenzae type B
- 5. D. ARTIFICIALLY ACQUIRED PASSIVE IMMUNITY
- The method of collecting IgG from an infected immune person,
and transferring this immunity to an unprotected person. Sometimes
given to infants who are not producing enough antibodies.
GA sp07
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- 7. II. THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
- A. PRIMARY LYMPHATIC ORGANS
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- Bone Marrow hematopoietic stem cells produce leukocytes,
thrombocytes, and erythrocytes.
-
- Thymus specialized lymphocytes called T- cells are made in this
glandular structure present in young vertebrates at the base of the
neck.
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- 9.
- 10. Formation of B and T Cells
- 11. B. SECONDARY LYMPHATIC ORGANS
- Lymph nodes hundreds of small finger tip sized structures that
contain lymph. Loaded with T cells and Follicular Dendritic
Cells.
- Spleen mostly B cells. Recovers materials from old
erythrocytes.
- Liver mostly fixed macrophages (Kupffer cells)
- Adenoids and Tonsils mostly B cells
- 12.
- 13. Bovine lymph node
- 14. Spleen
- 15. Kupffer cells (phagocytes in the liver)
- 16. Kupffer cells phagocytizing ink (Rabbit liver) Central vein
Hepatic or Liver cells Kupffer cell GA F 07
- 17. Tonsils / Adenoids They in effect act as lymph nodes
capturing microbes and processing them.
- 18.
- Definition - the production of specific antibodies against
foreign cells or substances.
- 19. B. What is antibody?
- Antibody is produced in response to antigens. Antibody (
immunoglobulin ) protects against bacteria, exotoxins and viruses.
Antibody is circulating in blood plasma, lymph or mucus.
- 20. C. What is the main function of antibody?
- 1. To neutralize viruses and toxins
- 2. To agglutinate and prevent adherance of bacteria
- 3. To enhance phagocytosis (opsonization)
- 4. To activate complement (most notably, C3a for inflammation,
C3b to enhance phagocytosis and C5a for chemotaxis.
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- 22. D. The Five Classes of Antibodies
- 1. IgG gamma globulin, 75% of all antibody in blood.
Responsible for secondary immune response. Variety of
functions.
- 2. IgM 10% of antibody in blood. Responsible for primary immune
response. Pentamer in structure. Effective at clumping
antigen.
- 3. IgA 15% of antibody in blood. Effective in secretions with
lysozyme. Found in mucus, colostrum, tears and saliva.
- 4. IgD- < 1% in blood. Found on surface of B cells. Triggers
humoral immunity.