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Lecture #5Lecture #5 Date ______ Date ______
a Chapter 12~Chapter 12~The Cell Cycle The Cell Cycle
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Cell Division: Key RolesCell Division: Key Rolesa Genome: cells genetic informationGenome: cells genetic informationa Somatic (body cells) cellsSomatic (body cells) cellsa Gametes (reproductive cells): sperm andGametes (reproductive cells): sperm and
egg cellsegg cellsa Chromosomes: DNA moleculesChromosomes: DNA moleculesa Diploid (2n): 2 sets of chromosomesDiploid (2n): 2 sets of chromosomesa Haploid (1n): 1 set of chromosomesHaploid (1n): 1 set of chromosomesa Chromatin: DNA-protein complex Chromatin: DNA-protein complex a Chromatids: replicated strands of aChromatids: replicated strands of a
chromosomechromosomea Centromere: narrowing waist of sisterCentromere: narrowing waist of sister
chromatidschromatidsa Mitosis: nuclear divisionMitosis: nuclear divisiona Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divisionCytokinesis: cytoplasm divisiona Meiosis: gamete cell divisionMeiosis: gamete cell division
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The Cell CycleThe Cell Cycle
a InterphaseInterphase (90% of cycle)(90% of cycle) G1 phase~ growth G1 phase~ growth S phase~ synthesis of DNA S phase~ synthesis of DNA G2 phase~ preparation for G2 phase~ preparation for
cell divisioncell divisiona Mitotic phaseMitotic phase
Mitosis~ nuclear division Mitosis~ nuclear division Cytokinesis~ cytoplasm Cytokinesis~ cytoplasm
divisiondivision
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MitosisMitosis
a ProphaseProphasea PrometaphasePrometaphasea MetaphaseMetaphasea Anaphase Anaphasea TelophaseTelophase
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MitosisMitosis
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ProphaseProphase
a Chromosomes visibleChromosomes visiblea Nucleoli disappearNucleoli disappeara Sister chromatidsSister chromatidsa Mitotic spindle formsMitotic spindle formsa Centrosomes moveCentrosomes move
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PrometaphasePrometaphase
a Nuclear membraneNuclear membranefragmentsfragments
a Spindle interactionSpindle interaction with chromosomes with chromosomes
a Kinetochore developsKinetochore developsQuickTime and a
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MetaphaseMetaphase
a Centrosomes atCentrosomes atopposite polesopposite poles
a Centromeres areCentromeres arealignedaligned
a Kinetochores of sisterKinetochores of sisterchromatids attachedchromatids attachedto microtubulesto microtubules(spindle)(spindle)
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Anaphase Anaphase
a Paired centromeresPaired centromeresseparate; sisterseparate; sister
chromatids liberatedchromatids liberateda Chromosomes moveChromosomes move
to opposite polesto opposite polesa Each pole now has aEach pole now has a
complete set ofcomplete set ofchromosomeschromosomes
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TelophaseTelophase
a Daughter nuclei formDaughter nuclei forma Nuclear envelopesNuclear envelopes
arisearisea Chromatin becomesChromatin becomes
less coiledless coileda
Two new nucleiTwo new nucleicomplete mitosiscomplete mitosis
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CytokinesisCytokinesis
a Cytoplasmic divisionCytoplasmic divisiona Animals: Animals:
cleavage furrowcleavage furrowa
Plants:Plants:cell platecell plate
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Cell Cycle regulationCell Cycle regulation
a
Growth factorsGrowth factorsa Density-dependentDensity-dependent
inhibitioninhibitiona Anchorage Anchorage
dependencedependence
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CancerCancer
a TransformationTransformationa Tumor: benign or malignantTumor: benign or malignanta MetastasisMetastasis