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Lesson Plan Education 405
Teacher Candidate Jamie Sparks Date_04-21-14 ______________
School _______________________________ Grade/Subject _7th
grade/Social Studies
Lesson Topic _Vikings Title Who were the Vikings?
Purpose: The purpose of this lesson is for students to gain an understanding of where the
Vikings came from and what their beliefs were.
Background: This lesson will serve as an introduction to the Vikings Unit and a way to gain
student interest in Vikings.
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES/ STUDENT OUTCOMES
Students will identify the countries of Scandinavia, where the Vikings originated.
Students will be able to identify key Viking beliefs and mythology.
BIG IDEAS: The overall concept of this lesson is to understand where the Vikings came from
and what were their beliefs.
GUIDING QUESTIONS :
1. What part of the world did the Vikings originally come from?
2. What did Vikings believe in?
WV CSOs
1. SS.7.G.2 identify, locate, and draw conclusions about information on a variety of
maps (e.g., seven continents, bodies of water, countries, cities, climate regions,
transportation routes and natural resources).
2. SS.6-8.L.4 determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text,
including vocabulary specific to domains related to history/social studies.
NATIONAL STANDARDS/NCSS Theme(s)
This lesson is associated with NCSS Theme #1 Culture. It addresses the Viking beliefs and
myths. This lesson will address the role that the Viking beliefs and myths played in Viking
society.
This lesson is associated with NCSS Theme # 3 People, Places, and Environments. It addresses
the countries that Vikings were originally found. This lesson will address the origination of the
Vikings and will show the routes that Vikings traveled to find more fertile environments.
WV 21ST CENTURY LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Information and Communication Skills-21C.09-12.1.TT7-Student uses advanced features and
utilities of presentation software (e.g. slide transitions master slides, narrations and timings,
creating web-enabled presentations, creating a non-linear presentation) to communicate ideas to
multiple audiences.
FACTS/CONCEPTS
1. Viking’s originated from Scandinavia which includes Norway, Denmark, and Sweden.
2. Mythology and Beliefs of Vikings were comprised of both Gods and Goddesses.
MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
Overall Time
Describes how time is set to accommodate the lesson. Just give time and not details. For
example:
Overall Time – 50 minute lesson
Time Frame – 5 min. introduction
10 min. pre/post handout
10 min. vocabulary activity/Power Point Presentation
15 min. student activity
10 min. regroup for assessment pre/post handout and closure
STRATEGIES – Teacher/student led discussion, independent/group practice, Jig Saw
CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING STRATEGIES
LT: Learning Together-students will be placed into groups to complete a project.
TAI: Teams-Assisted Individualization-students will be placed into mixed ability groups to assist
one another.
DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION/ ADAPTATIONS/ INTERVENTIONS
Students with Special Needs will be included into a TAI group for assistance in completing the
assignment. The amount of work that these students complete will be adjusted to fit their needs.
.
PROCEDURES
Introduction/ Lesson Set
I will begin the lesson with questions. Who were the Vikings, Where did they come
from, and what did they believe in? I will allow students time to respond. I will give
students a pre/post worksheet to assess prior knowledge of Vikings and gain interest for
the lesson.
Body & Transitions
Pre/Post handout (see attachment)
Use Power Point to introduce the Viking Vocabulary Hoard(see attachments) for
this lesson
Power Point Presentation on Vikings
Scandinavia group work—place ½ of the class into groups. Each group will
complete a detailed informative summary of Denmark, Norway, or Sweden.
Mythology group work—place the remaining ½ of the class into groups. Each
group will complete a detailed informative summary of a God or Goddess.
Odin(God), Thor(God), and Freya(Goddess)
Students will use their computers to create a short power point presentation.
Students will be asked to present their presentation to the class.
Each member of the group will speak.
Complete pre/post handout.(see attachment)
Closure
Summarize the importance of the Vikings origination and beliefs. Give students an
opportunity to ask questions concerning the lesson or any of the presentations given by
classmates.
ASSESSMENT
Diagnostic:
Students complete pre/post handout (objectives 1, 2)
Formative:
Students will complete group research and discussion on a Scandinavian country,
a God, or a Goddess and present information to class (objective 2)
Summative:
Students complete pre/post handout (objectives 1,2)
MATERIALS
Power Point, Pre/Post handout, Viking Vocabulary Hoard worksheet, Computer, Smart Board
.
EXTENTED ACTIVITIES
If Student Finishes Early
Students will be able to use their computer to play an interactive Viking game.
If Lesson Finishes Early
Students will use their computers to research a list of all of the Gods and Goddesses of Norse
Mythology. They will then choose one. They will research this God or Goddess and write a
short essay on why that God or Goddess was important to the Vikings, and why he/she chose that
particular God or Goddess.
If Technology Fails
I will have an article for students to read concerning Vikings. Students will read the article and
write a summary of the article and their opinion of the article.
DATA BASED DECISION MAKING
Data will be collected from the pre/post handout. The pre and post answers will be compared
and data collected will be used as a grade, as well as looking at questions that were missed by
several students. This will be a time to re-word questions, or decide a better way to convey
information the next time the lesson is taught.
POST-TEACHING
Reflections
Viking Vocabulary Hoard
Lesson 1
1. Viking- meaning “pirate raid”
2. Old Norse-ancient language spoken by the Vikings
3. Pagan-to worship many gods.
4. Thor- the” God of Thunder” ruled the skies, storms
and thunder. He had iron gloves, a magic belt and a
hammer.
5. Odin- ruler of the gods, and the god of magic, poetry
and war.
6. Cremation-when a Viking died his or her body could
be burned and turned back to ashes.
7. Valhalla-warriors killed in battle went to a great hall
where dead heroes feasted at long tables.
8. Valkyries-Odin’s warrior maidens who brought the
dead Viking warriors to Valhalla by riding through
the skies.
9. Midgard-middle earth where people (Vikings),
giants, elves, and dwarfs lived.
10. Asgard-The sky world where the gods and goddesses
lived.
11. Sleipnir-Odin’s magic horse who had eight legs.
12. Rainbow-is a bridge that links Midgard and Asgard.
Pre/Post Handout
Name_________________________________________________________
Vikings
Lesson # 1
Complete your answers Yay for yes and Nay for no
Pre Post
1. _______ _______ Odin is a Viking Goddess
2. _______ _______ Viking means “pirate raider”
3. _______ _______ Old Norse is the name of Odin’s eight legged
horse
4. _______ _______ If you are a Pagan you worship only one god
5. _______ _______ Thor is known as the “God of Thunder”
6. _______ _______ Vikings are buried at sea in their boats
7. _______ _______ Vikings believed in giants, dwarfs, and elves
8. _______ _______ Asgard is where the Vikings lived
9. _______ ________ When a Viking warrior died he went to Valhalla
10. _______ ________ Thor carried an ax
Vikings
From around A.D. 800 to the 11th century, a vast number of Scandinavians left their
homelands to seek their fortunes elsewhere. These seafaring warriors–known
collectively as Vikings or Norsemen (“Northmen”)–began by raiding coastal sites,
especially undefended monasteries, in the British Isles. Over the next three centuries,
they would leave their mark as pirates, raiders, traders and settlers on much of Britain
and the European continent, as well as parts of modern-day Russia, Iceland, Greenland
and Newfoundland.
Contents
Who Were the Vikings?
Early Viking Raids
Conquests in the British Isles
Viking Settlements: Europe and Beyond
Danish Dominance
End of the Viking Age
Who Were the Vikings?
Contrary to some popular conceptions of the Vikings, they were not a “race” linked by
ties of common ancestry or patriotism, and could not be defined by any particular sense
of “Viking-ness.” Most of the Vikings whose activities are best known come from the
areas now know as Denmark, Norway and Sweden, though there are mentions in
historical records of Finnish, Estonian and Saami Vikings as well. Their common ground–
and what made them different from the European peoples they confronted–was that
they came from a foreign land, they were not “civilized” in the local understanding of
the word and–most importantly–they were not Christian.
Did You Know?
The name Viking came from the Scandinavians themselves, from the Old Norse word
"vik" (bay or creek) which formed the root of "vikingr" (pirate).
The exact reasons for Vikings venturing out from their homeland are uncertain; some
have suggested it was due to overpopulation of their homeland, but the earliest Vikings
were looking for riches, not land. In the eighth century A.D., Europe was growing richer,
fueling the growth of trading centers such as Dorestad and Quentovic on the Continent
and Hamwic (now Southampton), London, Ipswich and York in England. Scandinavian
furs were highly prized in the new trading markets; from their trade with the Europeans,
Scandinavians learned about new sailing technology as well as about the growing wealth
and accompanying inner conflicts between European kingdoms. The Viking
predecessors–pirates who preyed on merchant ships in the Baltic Sea–would use this
knowledge to expand their fortune-seeking activities into the North Sea and beyond.
Early Viking Raids
In A.D. 793, an attack on the Lindisfarne monastery off the coast of Northumberland in
northeastern England marked the beginning of the Viking Age. The culprits–probably
Norwegians who sailed directly across the North Sea–did not destroy the monastery
completely, but the attack shook the European religious world to its core. Unlike other
groups, these strange new invaders had no respect for religious institutions such as the
monasteries, which were often left unguarded and vulnerable near the shore. Two years
later, Viking raids struck the undefended island monasteries of Skye and Iona (in the
Hebrides) as well as Rathlin (off the northeast coast of Ireland). The first recorded raid in
continental Europe came in 799, at the island monastery of St Philibert’s on
Noirmoutier, near the estuary of the Loire River.
For several decades, the Vikings confined themselves to hit-and-run raids against coastal
targets in the British Isles (particularly Ireland) and Europe (the trading center of
Dorestad, 80 kilometers from the North Sea, became a frequent target after 830). They
then took advantage of internal conflicts in Europe to extend their activity further
inland: after the death of Louis the Pious, emperor of Frankia (modern-day France and
Germany), in 840, his son Lothar actually invited the support of a Viking fleet in a power
struggle with brothers. Before long other Vikings realized that Frankish rulers were
willing to pay them rich sums to prevent them from attacking their subjects, making
Frankia an irresistible target for further Viking activity.
Conquests in the British Isles
By the mid-ninth century, Ireland, Scotland and England had become major targets for
Viking settlement as well as raids. Vikings gained control of the Northern Isles of
Scotland (Shetland and the Orkneys), the Hebrides and much of mainland Scotland.
They founded Ireland’s first trading towns: Dublin, Waterford, Wexford, Wicklow and
Limerick, and used their base on the Irish coast to launch attacks within Ireland and
across the Irish Sea to England. When King Charles the Bald began defending West
Frankia more energetically in 862, fortifying towns, abbeys, rivers and coastal areas,
Viking forces began to concentrate more on England than Frankia.
In the wave of Viking attacks in England after 851, only one kingdom–Wessex–was able
to successfully resist. Viking armies (mostly Danish) conquered East Anglia and
Northumberland and dismantled Mercia, while in 871 King Alfred the Great of Wessex
became the only king to decisively defeat a Danish army in England. Leaving Wessex, the
Danes settled to the north, in an area known as “Danelaw.” Many of them became
farmers and traders and established York as a leading mercantile city. In the first half of
the 10th century, English armies led by the descendants of Alfred of Wessex began
reconquering Scandinavian areas of England; the last Scandinavian king, Erik Bloodaxe,
was expelled and killed around 952, permanently uniting English into one kingdom.
Viking Settlements: Europe and Beyond
Meanwhile, Viking armies remained active on the European continent throughout the
ninth century, brutally sacking Nantes (on the French coast) in 842 and attacking towns
as far inland as Paris, Limoges, Orleans, Tours and Nimes. In 844, Vikings stormed Seville
(then controlled by the Arabs); in 859, they plundered Pisa, though an Arab fleet
battered them on the way back north. In 911, the West Frankish king granted Rouen and
the surrounding territory by treaty to a Viking chief called Rollo in exchange for the
latter’s denying passage to the Seine to other raiders. This region of northern France is
now known as Normandy, or “land of the Northmen.”
In the ninth century, Scandinavians (mainly Norwegians) began to colonize Iceland, an
island in the North Atlantic where no one had yet settled in large numbers. By the late
10th century, some Vikings (including the famous Erik the Red) moved even further
westward, to Greenland. According to later Icelandic histories, some of the early Viking
settlers in Greenland (supposedly led by the Norwegian Viking hero Leif Eriksson, son of
Erik the Red) may have become the first Europeans to discover and explore North
America. Calling their landing place Vinland (Wine-land), they built a temporary
settlement at L’Anse aux Meadows in modern-day Newfoundland. Beyond that, there is
little evidence of Viking presence in the New World, and they didn’t form permanent
settlements.
Danish Dominance
The mid-10th-century reign of Harald Bluetooth as king of a newly unified, powerful and
Christianized Denmark marked the beginning of a second Viking age. Large-scale raids,
often organized by royal leaders, hit the coasts of Europe and especially England, where
the line of kings descended from Alfred the Great was faltering. Harald’s rebellious son,
Sven Forkbeard, led Viking raids on England beginning in 991 and conquered the entire
kingdom in 1013, sending King Ethelred into exile. Sven died the following year, leaving
his son Knut (or Canute) to rule a Scandinavian empire (comprising England, Denmark,
and Norway) on the North Sea.
After Knut’s death, his two sons succeeded him, but both were dead by 1042 and
Edward the Confessor, son of the previous (non-Danish) king, returned from exile and
regained the English throne from the Danes. Upon his death (without heirs) in 1066,
Harold Godwinesson, the son of Edward’s most powerful noble, laid claim to the throne.
Harold’s army was able to defeat an invasion led by the last great Viking king–Harald
Hardrada of Norway–at Stamford Bridge, near York, but fell to the forces of William,
Duke of Normandy (himself a descendant of Scandinavian settlers in northern France)
just weeks later. Crowned king of England on Christmas Day in 1066, William managed
to retain the crown against further Danish challenges.
End of the Viking Age
The events of 1066 in England effectively marked the end of the Viking Age. By that
time, all of the Scandinavian kingdoms were Christian, and what remained of Viking
“culture” was being absorbed into the culture of Christian Europe. Today, signs of the
Viking legacy can be found mostly in the Scandinavian origins of some vocabulary and
place-names in the areas in which they settled, including northern England, Scotland
and Russia. In Iceland, the Vikings left an extensive body of literature, the Icelandic
sagas, in which they celebrated the greatest victories of their glorious past.
Article Details:
Vikings
Author
History.com Staff
Website Name
History.com
Year Published
2009
Title
Vikings
URL
http://www.history.com/topics/exploration/vikings-history
Access Date
April 27, 2014
Publisher
A+E Networks
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