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transcript
Lets Restore the Environment
Venkatesha Murthy (Venky)
Director & Head
Cimelia Resource Recovery Pte Ltd
Singapore 639443
Email:venky@cimeliaglobal.com
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
ISWA-WMRAS Technical Workshop 2010Workshop Programme
‘Recycling & Resource Recovery Technologies’
28th June 2010
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Sustainable Recycling Technologies
• Treatment of Hazardous material in an environmentally sound manner
• Recover all the valuable material
• Create eco-efficient and sustainable business
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Contents
• Introduction – Challenges & Opportunities
• Weakness in the regulations– Illegal Imports / hazardous process/ Sustainability?
• Available Best Technologies– Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
3R – Recycle, Reduce & Re-Use
• EEE products improve the way we live, work & play
• EEE products have no impact into the environment if
– Use responsibly by reducing
– Reuse
– Recycle
Note:The worldwide market for E-Waste is growing by almost 9% per year, from $7.2 billion in 2004 to a projected $11 billion in 2009
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Outstanding Issues in Asia
• Exponential Increase of E-Waste– Asia is largest emerging market with fast growing economy in theworld.
– Due to increase in per capita incomes and relatively young population structure, consumption of EEE products are increasing exponentially
• Definitions of Hazardous Waste (grey area in classification of waste)
• Lack of regulations for its safe disposal
• Absence of management infrastructure to monitor the process of collection, transportation, treatment and disposal
• Unregulated movement across national boundaries
• Yes/No EPR
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Status of E-Waste Regulation in Asia
• Recycling of E-Waste in Asia is still not well organized and established except countries like Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore
• Regulations may exists but enforcement is the key for SUCCESS
• Most of the E-Waste problem in Asia compounded by illegal dumping from developed countries
• Illegal E-Waste Imports helps for new business opportunity and create demand for second-hand EEE product usage (REUSE) but impact!!!
• Unfortunately most of the participants in this sector
• Do not aware of the real danger / risk • Do not know the better practice of recycling• Do not have technology / information• Financial Investment constraint
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Hurdles in E-Waste Management
• Improper Government Regulations – confusions
• Different Requirements from Country to Country, State to State – unnecessary cost
• Lack of effective incentive to consumers to reuse or recycle
• Too many groups are involved –talking about E-Waste problems
• No Benchmark certification of E-Waste management companies – to ensure their processes are in line with international standard
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
• Lack of convenient options for responsible disposal.
• Often falsely labelled as “Reuse” to circumvent restrictions on waste exports
• Lack of willingness by manufacturers across the board to take responsibility.
• Valuable resources lost by Landfill and or conventional recycling
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
• Insufficient Capital Investment in setting up of proper E-Waste Recycling Facilities /process
• Commodity price – up/downs (difficult to make profit)
• Too high expectations from the Generators
• Competition between professional / traders and informal sectors
Hurdles in E-Waste Management
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
What is to be done…
• Standard international system to report, quantify and control movement and disposal of E-Waste
• Do not encourage Landfill or illegal dumping –– Strict enforcement / increasing fees and penalty
• Common Framework in line with existing international directives
• Cooperate, Communicate and enforce across political boundaries and geographical regions
• Export fees on SHIPMENT from OECD to Non-OECD; the fees can be used as capital to create a proper facility in Developingcountry
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Challenges?????Conventional way of recycling
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Is this sustainable?
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
The extraction of copper from printed wiring boards (PWB)
Source: Empa survey. Draft final report 2004 on the assessment phase (phase 1) of the Empa/seco programme in
“knowledge partnerships with developing and transition countries in e waste recycling”. Empa, Federal Institute of Material
Testing and Research; 2004. http://www.ewaste.ch.
*See accompany notes below.
Is this sustainable?
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Is this Sustainable??
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Special metals used in ICT devices
• EEE Demand of Precious Metals increased
• Primary metals Production needs more energy and results huge resource
• Metal worth from electronics (in 2007) > 45 Billion US$; and CO2 emissions from primary metal production > 23 million tons (and 80% metal recycling will save CO2 emission > 14 million tons)
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Sales of global electronic devices
50
100
200
1000
Global sales in 2006 (in millions)
Growth rate (in %)-10 10 20 30 40
LCD-TV
Cell-phones
Dig. camera
MP3
Lap PC
CRT-TV
CRT-mon.
LCD-mon.
Desk PC
Sources: C. Hageluken, “Mining our computers, metals recovery from e-scrape”, EGG 2008, Berlin
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Materials of mobile phone
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
The sales and recycle potential of cell phonesGlobal sales in million
400
800
1200
19982000
20022004
20062008
Global sales of
mobile phone
Note: ave. lifetime ~ 4 years
in billionSales and
status
0.1recycled
(est.)
1.4discarded/
lost
1.5in drawer
4.2in use (est.)
7.2total sales
(~2008)
Recycle potential:
750 t Ag, 70 t Au, 30 t PdSources: C. Hageluken, “Mining our computers, metals recovery from e-scrape”,
EGG 2008, Berlin
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Key metals in Cell phone and computers
15%6,5006545003.860,000Co
1%128K500g11,0009g16MCu
13%2080119230Pd
3%5622029242,500Au
3%2551,00030025020,000Ag
Total (tons)Per set (mg)
Total (tons)
Per set
(mg)
Share/world production
PC & laptopsCell phoneGlobal production (tons/y)
metal
Note: (data based on 2007)
Cell phones: 1200 million; PC& laptops: 255 million
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Metals Demand in EEE products
49.564,672,753TOTAL
Solder, batteries, LCD3.24---36166,380463,480Sn, Sb, Co, In
Cable, wire,
connector…
29.256500304,500,00015,000,000Cu
Hard disk, plasma
displays
0.2178,037842732Ru
Hard disk, Fuel Cell
thermocouple,
0.66451,054613210Pt
Multilayer
capacitors,
connectors
0.5215,6801433230Pd
Bonding wire, IC’s,Contacts
12.0540,187123002,500Au
Contacts, switches3.66610306,00020,000Ag
USD in Billions
USD/Kg%Tons/yTons/yearSymbol
Main ApplicationValue in USDPriceEEE demand
/production
EEE demand
Primary Production
Metal
BASED ON 2007 DEMAND
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Environmental impact of metals-CO2
3.4Cu
7.6Co
16.1Sn
142In
144Ag
9,380Pd
13,954Ru
13,953Pt
16,991Au
t CO2 /t Pri. metal production
Metal
CO2 emissions from Primary Production
10
200
10,000
20 40 60 80 100
% used in electronic devices vs. global production volume(Ecoinvent 2.0, EMPA/ETH-Zurich, 2007)
Au
Pt Ru
Pd
AgIn
Sn
Co
Cu
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Population by Country
TOTAL POPULATION OF 18 COUNTRIES:3633.93 M or 3.634 billion
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Total Population of 18 Countries
According to https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/print/xx.html; World Population = 6,706,993,152 FY 2008
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
● The stakeholders are aware that the existing small recyclers andinformal sectors are not able to treat E-waste professionally
● Small recyclers:
- no financial support,
- still in testing stages,
- lack of technology
- supply of E-waste etc.,
● Informal recyclers:
- hazardous recovery process,
- no health and safety measures,
- adds on illegal disposal to waste stream etc.
Existing Constraints Vs. Opportunity
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Illegal Dumping/Recycling causes serious threat to human &
environment
E-Waste – TransboundaryIssue
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Challenges & Opportunities
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies2828
New environmental challenge New environmental challenge
EE--waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams
in APAC as in other part of the world in APAC as in other part of the world
E-Waste is both valuable as source for secondary raw material, and toxic if treated and discarded
IMPROPERLY……..
Growing E-Waste…..
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Benefits of Recycling
• Recycling trend is offering immense potential to
• Enhance Resource Management
• Reduce Waste Disposal Pressures
• Prolong the Life Span of Land-fills
• Reduce the need of costly incineration
• Reduce the use of Natural Resources
SAVE PLANET FOR TOMORROW
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Opportunities!!!
Sustainable E-Waste
Recycling Technologies
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
China
• Population: 1,325.6 million (FY 2008)1
• E-waste generated per year: 2,425,000 tonnes (FY 2005)2
• E-waste management regulations: Yes
• Management Regulation on the Pollution Control of Electronic and Information Products (2006)
1) World Bank Data and Statistics
2) Liu et al., Electrical and electronic waste management in China: progress and the barriers to overcome (2006)
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
China
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
India
• Population: 1,140 million (FY 2008)1
• E-waste generation per year: Preliminary estimates suggest that total WEEE generation in India is approximately 332,979 MT per year.2
• E-waste management regulations: CP
• Guidelines for environmental sound management of e-waste (As approved vide MoEF letter No.23-23/2007-HSMD dt. March 12,2008)
1) World Bank Data and Statistics2) GTZ-MAIT sponsored study conducted by IMRB –Y2007
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
India
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
• Legal framework,• Collection System• Logistics• Understanding the chemistry of E-Waste• Environmental Sound Technology• Total Close Loop Package• WEEE Solutions• Intellectual Property Protection• Finally “Making Economic Sense”
TO BE A Professional recycler……
And
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Environmental Sound Technologies/ Best
Options
Cimelia’s E-Waste Management
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Technical Solutions
• Integrated Analytical lab
• Mechanical Dry Process Plant
• Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Recycling
• Platinum Group Metals Refinery Plant
• Copper Melting & Copper Refining (LME grade Copper)
• Conversion of Plastic to FUEL
• Pollution Control Equipments
• Environmental, Health & Safety Monitoring Equipments
• R & D Facilities
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Integrated Analytical lab
• Clean Room Concept – for precision results
• Specialized facilities like
– Physical Lab
– Wet Chemistry Department
– Instrumental Analysis Lab
– Cyanide Analysis Lab
• Complete Metallurgical Analysis
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Mechanical Dry Process Plant
• Dry Techniques - Separate Plastics & Metals
• Fully Automatic with PLC control
• Capacity – 8 MT per hour
• Total Capacity – 25,000 MT /year
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
MDP – On-line sampling
• On-line Sampling
• In-built dust filtration – bag house & cyclones
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Mobile Shredders
• On-Site Intellectual Property Destruction Service
• In-built dust filtration, Safety & Close Loop
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
CRT Recycling Plant
• First in Singapore to install the CRT plant
• Separation of Panel, Cone Glass - 100% recycled
• ZERO Waste (nothing going to landfill)
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
PGM Plant
• Selective Extraction
• Au, Ag, Pt, Pd
• Close Loop Process –best design
• 4 levels of Pollution controls
- Alkaline Scrubber
- Ventilation
- Gas Detectors
- FRP Flooring
Extraction Process - Recovery
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
PGM Plant
Customized for Filters & Wipes – Plating Industry
Fully Automatic
Best Pollution Controls
Toxic Catalyst, Resins, Filters Processing Plant
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
PGM Plant
• Selective Refining
• Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Cu etc.,
• Close Loop Process
• Customized Design
• Higher Efficiency
Extraction Process - Enriching
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
PGM Plant
• Special Refining Equipment
– Less Energy consumption
– Distillation Technique to save about 50% of refinery chemicals
Gold can be refined to 99.999 purity
Precious Metals Refining
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
PGM Plant
• Smelting of Precious Metals into various forms
– Bars
– Beads
– Wires
– Rods
Precious Metals Melting
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
• Specially designed to treat the acidic pollutants
• NOx, SOx, Cl2, HCl fumes are totally neutralized
• With all the Safety and backup systems
3-Stage Acid Scrubber
Environmental Protection Systems
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
• Specially designed to treat the alkaline Fumes
• Wet Scrubber
• With all the Safety and backup systems
Cyanide Scrubber
Environmental Protection Systems
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
• Specially designed to treat the dangerous Cyanide
• Cyanides are widely used in Plating Industry
• It is not dilution – total destruction of CN
• With all the Safety and backup systems
Thermal Oxidation System
Environmental Protection Systems
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
• Specially designed to treat the TDS (total dissolved solids)
• With all the Safety and backup systems
Evaporator System
Environmental Protection Systems
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
• This is the 4th stage of
Pollution Control System
• The effluents generated
from process & other
systems
• With all the Safety and
backup systems
Waste Water Treatment Plant
Environmental Protection Systems
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Gas Detector System
353Nitrogen
dioxide
4.7105Hydrogen
cyanide
EPA, EPB
process
353Nitrogen
dioxide
DP1, DP2
process
0.531Chlorine
MF, FA
process
Alarm 1
(ppm)
MOM
Limits
(ppm)
Alarm 2
(ppm)Gas TypeLocation
• Detection of toxic gases release
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
• Copper Scrap from the secondary sources
– E-Waste
– Lead frame rejects
– Scrap with Precious metals
• FIRST Plant in Singapore
• NO mining copper
• With all the Safety and backup systems
Enviro-Metals – Copper Melting
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
10,000 MT
ANNUALLY
Copper Melting and Refinery
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Copper Refinery Line
• Copper Plant Capacity
– Anodes : 12,000 MT per Annum
– Cathodes : 10,000 MT
• Quality : LME Grade A
• Copper Purity: min 99.99%
• By Products:
– Copper Sulphate(CuSO4.5H2O)
– Nickel Sulphate
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Conversion of Waste Plastics into FUEL
Consumer PlasticElectronic waste Plastic
Catalyst cracking
C 11 - C26 GradeC 4 - C10 Grade
Catalyst cracking
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Key Comparative Strengths
• Dry Separation of Metals & Plastics – No Incineration
• Close Loop Process – Pollutants are handled professionally
• Selective PGM Extraction – No Conventional Mining Method
• Refining of Gold, Silver, Platinum, Palladium & other rare metals
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
• Refining of LME Grade Copper, Copper Sulphate, Nickel Sulphate
• Commendable QEHS performance for the past 5 years of operation
• ISO-9001, EMS 14001 & OHSAS 18001
• On-site Intellectual Property Destruction Services
• Global Network
Key Comparative Strengths
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
What Asia Needs?
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
APWEEE Objective
The objective of the new directive
Divert E-Waste from landfills and incinerators towards environmentally sound reuse, recycling and other forms
of recovery.
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
APWEEE-Waste Standard
• Preserving Material and Energy Resources
• Introducing Producer Responsibility
• Setting Common Minimum Standards for Recycling & Treatment
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Management Standards for Asia Pacific
• Preventing the Illegal Imports from Developed & Other countries
• Preventing Conventional & Hazardous Methods of Recycling & Recovery
• Cooperation on Recycling Technologies Development
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Summary
• Let’s put our thoughts into Action
• Let’s work together to achieve the common objective
• One Planet, One People –work without boundary to save our Earth
• Let’s have our own DIRECTIVE to save our one LIFE
ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies
Lets put our hands together to save our planet&
RESTORE THE ENVIRONMENT
Thank youThank you