Life Span

Healthy Lifestyle

Defining Development

• The science of human development…

• Seeks to understand how and why people change over time.

Life Expectancy

• “The average number of years a person is expected to live”

Why do some people live longer than other?

• Nature • Nurture

Which of the following is an example of nature influencing life

expectancy?A.The mother smoked while pregnant

with the childB.Social-economical statusC. The year of birthD.X-Y chromosome anomaly

The Life-Span Perspective

• Multidirectional http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cphgANTK0LA

• Multicontextual• Multicultural• Multidisciplinary• Plasticity

Life expectancy

1850 1890 1920 1950 1970 1990 201138.3 42.5 56.3 66.3 67.9 72.7 78.4

Why?

• Why is life expectancy going up?

History of Health Care

• Early Civilization• 1st med schools–Greece–600 B.C.–Hippocrates• “The Father of western medicine”

• Edward Jenner–Father of

immunology–Smallpox

vaccine

• 1749 - 1823

Bacteriology

• Louis Pasteur–Germ theory–Vaccine

advancement

• 1822 - 1895

Bacteriology

• Joseph Lister–Father of

Antiseptic Surgery–Hand-washing

• 1827-1912

Bacteriology

• Robert Koch–Founder of modern

bacteriology–1st “Magic-bullets”–Staining

• 1843 - 1910

• Alexander Fleming–Discovered Penicillin

• 1881- 1955

Antibiotics

• When was penicillin first available as a prescription drug?

A. 1868B. 1927C. 1928D. 1939E. 1943

What was the first vaccine available?

A. Small poxB. PertussisC. DiphtheriaD. TetanusE. Polio

What was the first vaccine available?

A. Small pox (1796)B. Pertussis (1904)C. Diphtheria (1926)D. Tetanus (1938)E. Polio (1955)

1948 = DPT

• Measles (1963)• Mumps (1967)• Rubella (1969)– MMR (1971)

• Hepatitis B (1981)• Hib (1985)• Chickenpox (1996)• HPV (2006)

• What happened to the small pox vaccine?

• D/C 1971– eradicated

Nursing Role

• Florence Nightingale• Clara Barton• Dorothea Dix• Lillian Wald

Why?

• Why is the USA not number 1?

Violence plays role in lower U.S. life expectancy• Denver Post• The Associated Press: 09 January 2013• WASHINGTON — The United States suffers far

more violent deaths than any other wealthy nation, due in part to the widespread possession of firearms and the practice of storing them at home in a place that is often unlocked, according to a report released Wednesday by two of the nation's leading health research institutions.

Does “old age” = HEALTH?

Health

“A state of complete physical, mental and social (spiritual) well-

being, not merely the absence

of disease or infirmity”

Holistic Health

LIFE

Physical

Spiritual

Mental

Social

Health – Illness continuum

Health Promotion

Empowerment

Small Group Questions

• Define health, holistic & life expectancy.• Describe in general that history of health

care.• Define nature vs. nurture• How have the following people

influenced health care? Hippocrates, Jenner, Pasteur, Lister, Koch, Fleming

Healthy Lifestyle

Nutrition

• Malnutrition– Poor dietary practice

due to lack of nutrients

• Nutritious Diet – Carbohydrates– Amino acids– Vitamins– Minerals

Chemical Avoidance

• Alcohol

Chemical Avoidance:

• Caffeine

Exercise

• 30 min/day

Stress reduction

Stress

• “Anything that upsets our psychological or physiological equilibrium”

Stress Fight or Flight

Stress Adrenal Gland

Adrenalin & Cortisol

Fight Or

Flight Response

General Symptoms of Stress

• Respiratory rate–h

• Blood shunted from–GI

• Blood directed to–Muscles

General Symptoms of Stress

• Pupils–Dilate

• Pain perception–i

• Heart rate–h

Responses to stress

• Physiological• Emotional• Intellectual

General Adaptation Syndrome

1.Alarm Stage2.State of

resistance3.State of

exhaustion

• Hans Selye

Anxiety

• “Multisystem response to a stressful situation”

Levels of Anxiety

• Mild• Moderate• Severe• Panic

Stress Health

• SRRS–Social Readjustment Rating Scale

Stress Reduction Techniques

1. Meditate2. Imaging3. Breath deeply4. Focus on NOW5. Show some love

1. Massage2. Take a time out8. Music9. Attitude break

Disease prevention

• Primary–Before disease

• Secondary–Diagnosis

• Tertiary–Rehabilitation

Mental Health

• Adjust • Cope• Contribute• Realistic• Fluctuates

Emotional Maturity

• When individuals are able to control their responses and can express their emotions in socially appropriate ways.

Small Group Questions

• List 5 healthy lifestyle practices.• What are Hans Selye’s 3 stages of stress?

Describe each stage• What is Anxiety? • How can you reduce or manage stress? • What are the levels of disease prevention?

Give an example of each level.

In GAS, what is the second stage?

A.AlarmB.ResistanceC. ExhaustionD.Adrenaline E. Adaptation

Homework

• Read–Key words–Learning objectives–Review questions

• Lecture notes