Liner Production and Liner Production and DesignationsDesignations

Commercial Plant ProductionCommercial Plant Production

An Overview

of Nursery Crop

Production

LinersLiners

Small “starter” plants produced using Small “starter” plants produced using various methods of plant propagation.various methods of plant propagation. PottedPotted Bare-rootBare-root Age and size varyAge and size vary Sold by caliper, height, container size and Sold by caliper, height, container size and

sometimes age.sometimes age.

Liner Production-Direct Stick Liner Production-Direct Stick SWC into Small ContainersSWC into Small Containers

Liner Production-SWC stuck in Liner Production-SWC stuck in SandSand

Liner Production-SWC stuck in Liner Production-SWC stuck in SandSand

Liner Production-Arrowwood Viburnum SWC Stuck in Sand

Liner Production-Seedlings

Liner Production-Grafting

CornusCornus Liners Liners

Other Liner ExamplesOther Liner Examples

Potted shrub liners

Lining-Out: Shrub Liners to Lining-Out: Shrub Liners to Field SpacingField Spacing

Lining-Out: Liner to Large Container

Small Plant CultureSmall Plant Culture After liners are removed from propagation After liners are removed from propagation

they may be transplanted to small plant they may be transplanted to small plant culture for one to several years.culture for one to several years.

Objectives:Objectives: ProtectionProtection Provide optimal conditions for rapid, vigorous Provide optimal conditions for rapid, vigorous

growthgrowth Can occur in the field or in containers.Can occur in the field or in containers. Many nurseries skip small plant culture.Many nurseries skip small plant culture.

Field Spacing for Rows or BedsField Spacing for Rows or Beds

6 – 12 inches between rows.6 – 12 inches between rows. 4 – 10 inches between plants in a row.4 – 10 inches between plants in a row.

Small Plant Culture in ContainersSmall Plant Culture in Containers

4 inch container 4 inch container #1 container#1 container

Bottom LineBottom Line

Small Plant

Culture

Small liners go in

Bigger liners come out

TransplantingTransplanting

The process of moving a plant from one The process of moving a plant from one production area to another production area.production area to another production area. TransplantedTransplanted from propagation to small plant culture. from propagation to small plant culture. TransplantedTransplanted from small plant culture to the from small plant culture to the

production field.production field. At some point in the production process plants are At some point in the production process plants are

transplantedtransplanted to their “final spacing” and will stay at to their “final spacing” and will stay at that spacing until harvested.that spacing until harvested.

Tops and roots pruned.Tops and roots pruned.

Liner DesignationsLiner Designations

The The American Standard for Nursery StockAmerican Standard for Nursery Stock provides guidelines for liner designations.provides guidelines for liner designations. Provide for a Provide for a common understandingcommon understanding of the of the

liner products available to the industry.liner products available to the industry.

Liner Types Based on Propagation Liner Types Based on Propagation MethodMethod

C = cuttingC = cutting U = un-rooted cuttingU = un-rooted cutting G = graftedG = grafted L = layeredL = layered S = seedlingS = seedling M = micro-propagated or tissue cultureM = micro-propagated or tissue culture D = divisionD = division

Micro-propagated Ash TreesMicro-propagated Ash Trees

Small Plant CultureSmall Plant Culture

R = root prunedR = root pruned P = pot or container grownP = pot or container grown T = transplanted T = transplanted to a rowto a row in the field in the field B = transplanted B = transplanted to a bedto a bed O = not transplantedO = not transplanted

Nursery Bed vs. Field RowsNursery Bed vs. Field Rows

Nursery BedsNursery Beds

Bed forming implement

Beds

Liner Designations, An ExampleLiner Designations, An Example

C1

Describes the liner type and time spent in propagation

B2

Describes the post-propagation culture and time spent in culture

DesignationDesignation AgeAge Propagation Propagation HistoryHistory

Cultural HistoryCultural History

C1B2C1B2 33 Cutting for 1 yearCutting for 1 year Transplanted/ 2 Transplanted/ 2 years in a bedyears in a bed

C1T2C1T2 33 Cutting for 1 yearCutting for 1 year Transplanted/Transplanted/

2 years in a row2 years in a row

S2T1T1S2T1T1 44 Seedling for 2 yearsSeedling for 2 years Transplanted/Transplanted/

1 yr. in a row1 yr. in a row

Transplanted/Transplanted/

1 additional yr. in 1 additional yr. in a rowa row

M1T1M1T1 22 Micro-propagation Micro-propagation for 1 yearfor 1 year

Transplanted/Transplanted/

1 year in a row1 year in a row

The End