Matondo MpongoMarch 6,2013

Psychology (Honors) 4th

Common Name :Cerebral Palsy (CP)

CausesCaused by damage to or

abnormal development of the motor control centers of the brain

infection, trauma, malnutrition, drugs or other chemicals, or hemorrhage can damage the brain and lead to CP

Infections contracted by the mother such as Rubella, AIDS, Encephalitis and Meningitis can cause brain damage to the newborn

CausesBirth defects (brain, head, face, spinal

cord, lungs, metabolism)Certain hereditary and genetic

conditionsComplications during labor and

deliveryPremature birthLow birth weight (especially if less

than 2 pounds at birth)Severe jaundice after birthMultiple births (twins, triplets)Lack of oxygen (hypoxia) reaching the

brain before, during, or after birthBrain damage early in life,

Target Population  Targets males and female sPremature babiesBabies in the womb to two years old

Brain is developing so they are at  a higher risk  of experiencing brain damage  

Where and How it affects the CNS?Cerebral Cortex

* Involved in muscle movement* Most common type of damage (Spastic Cerebral Palsy)The Motor Cortex* The motor cortex is a specific part of the cerebral cortex. * It's directly involved in controlling muscle movement throughout the body

Where and How it affects the CNS?The Basal Ganglia* Responsible for voluntary movement

and posture* Helps you recall previously learned

complicated movements (walking, dancing, typing)

• Injury to both or either Basal Ganglia can result in Athetoid Cerebral Palsy (involuntary muscle movements)

Basal Gangalia

Where and How it affects the CNS?The Cerebellum

* maintaining and monitoring coordination during movement

* Damage to this can cause Ataxia Cerebral Palsy ( poor coordination, balance and posture)

SymptomsNot noticeable at birth

Children with CP develop at a slower pace; delay in milestones first sign of CP

SymptomsMilestones Without CP

(months)With CP (months)

sits well unsupported 6 8 -10

babbles 6 8

Crawls 9 12

Finger feeds, holds bottle

9 12

Walks alone 12 15-18

Uses one or two words other then dada/mama

12 15

Walks up and down the stairs

24 24-36

Turns pages in books; remove shoes

24 30

Symptoms

Abnormal muscle tone: Stiff or floppy muscles. Limbs in unusual or awkward positions

Abnormal movements: Abrupt, jerky, slow movements

Skeletal deformities: Shortened limbs for those with CP on only one side of the body

SymptomsJoint contractures: Severe stiffening of the joints common for spastic cerebral palsy

Mental retardation: Some w/ CP have this

Seizures: about 1/3 of those w/ CP have them

Speech problems: unable to control tongue, mouth, or throat muscles

Swallowing problems: inability to control muscles

Symptoms

Hearing Loss: Partial hearing loss

Vision problems: Weakness of the eye that controls muscle movement

Dental problems: Defects in tooth enamel, more cavities

Bowel and/or bladder problems: Lack of muscle control

PrognosisNot Considered a terminal disorderIt can however affect a person's

lifespan by increasing the risk of medical issues

Life span depends on the severity and many other factors such as mobility restrictions, feeding difficulties, cognitive and respiratory functions

PrognosisThose with CP however can live long lives with the right treatment and medical care

Cures and TreatmentsThere is NOT a cureHowever it can be treatedTreatment depends on severity, nature,

and locationTherapists work with CP patient to

maximize movement and maintain posture Wheelchairs, walkers, shoe inserts,

crutches, braces, computer-controlled communication devices, are used to assist patient

TreatmentsMedication:

-Prescribed muscle relaxant drugs such as diazepam (Valium), dantrolene (Dantrium), and baclofen (Lioresal) -Botulinum toxin (Botox) is injected directly into the affected muscles. -Alcohol or phenol injections into the nerve controlling the muscle

TreatmentsSurgery:tenotomy,tendon transferdorsal rhizotomy

Treatments -Tenotomy: tendons of the

affected muscle are cut and the limb is cast in a more normal position while the tendon regrows

Tendon Transfer: tendon transfer involves cutting and reattaching a tendon at a different point on the bone to enhance the length and function of the muscle

Tendon Transfer

Treatments

Dorsal Rhizotomy: cuts selected nerve roots in the spinal cord to prevent them from stimulating the spastic muscles

Neurosurgical techniques: implanting tiny electrodes directly into the cerebellum, or cutting a portion of the hypothalamus

Dorsal Rhizotomy:

Celebrities with CPAbbey Curran:  represented Iowa at

the Miss USA 2008 pageant in Las Vegas

Chris Fonseca : Comedian who has written material for such comedians as Jerry Seinfeld, Jay Leno and Roseanne Arnold. The first (and only) person with a visible disability to appear

on the Jay Leno show

Jerry Traylor : A motivational speaker with cerebral palsy. He is the only person to jog across America on crutches. Has participated in the running of 35 marathons, climbed to the top of 14,110 foot Pike's Peak, parachuting and other adventures.

RJ Mitte : An American actor. Plays the character, Walter White Jr. on the AMC television series, Breaking Bad.

Celebrities w/ CP

Organizations American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and

Developmental Medicine  (AACPDM)    - Provides scientific education to health

professionals     - research and services for people with Cerebral Palsy

OrganizationsUnited Cerebral Palsy     - Its mission is to advance the independence,

productivity & citizenship of people with disabilities     - Has been around for over 60 years

- With help of affiliates provide therapy, assistive technology training, early intervention programs,-Also provide housing, family support, employment assistance

CitationsPolzin, S. J. (2005). Cerebral Palsy. In B. Narins (Ed.),

The Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 226-232). Detroit: Gale. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX3451500079&v=2.1&u=cary81451&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w

Tran, M., Odle, T. G., & Newton, D. E. (2009). Cerebral Palsy. In L. J. Fundukian (Ed.), The Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine (3rd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 440-446). Detroit: Gale. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX3240100171&v=2.1&u=cary81451&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w