Matter: Properties & ChangeMatter: Properties & Change

6.P.2.1 Recognize that all matter is made up of atoms and atoms of the same element are all alike, but are different from the atoms of other elements.6.P.2.2 Explain the effect of heat on the motion of atoms through a description of what happens to particles during a change in phase.6.P.2.3 Compare the physical properties of pure substances that are independent of the amount of matter present including density, boiling point, melting point and solubility to properties that are dependent on the amount of matter present to include volume, mass and weight.

Essential Vocabulary

MatterMatter

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Phases of Matter

ElementElement

A pure substance that is made up of only one kind of atom.

AtomAtom

The smallest unit of a pure substance that still has the properties of that substance.

MoleculeMolecule

The smallest part of a substance formed by the chemical bonding of two or more atoms and that still retains its chemical composition and properties.

MassMass

Measure of the amount of matter in an object.

SolidSolid

A state of matter that has definite shape and volume.

LiquidLiquid

A state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape.

GasGas

A state of matter that has no definite shape or volume.

VolumeVolume

A physical property that describes the amount of space that matter occupies.

DensityDensity

Derived units = Combination of base units

Volume (m3 or cm3 or mL) length length length Or measured using a graduated

cylinder

D = MV

1 cm3 = 1 mL1 dm3 = 1 L

Density (kg/m3 or g/cm3 or g/mL)

The mass per unit volume of a substance at a particular temperature and pressure.

Boiling PointBoiling Point

The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.

Freezing PointFreezing Point

The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid.

Melting PointMelting Point

The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.

SolubilitySolubility

A physical property that describes the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.

InsolubleInsoluble

A substance will not dissolve in a solvent.

PropertyProperty

Describes how an object looks, feels, or acts.

Physical PropertyPhysical Property

A property that can be observed or measured without changing an object, or any part of the materials it is made of, into something else.

Chemical PropertyChemical Property

A property that describes the ability of a substance to react with other materials and form new substances.

Physical ChangePhysical Change

A change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition. For example - phase changes or crushing a can.

Chemical ChangeChemical Change

A change in the chemical composition of a substance to produce a new material with new properties. For example: burning, rusting, and photosynthesis.

SolventSolvent

A liquid, typically one other than water, used for dissolving other substances.

SoluteSolute

Any substance that is dissolved in a liquid solvent to create a solution.

Pure SubstancePure Substance

A substance that is not mixed with another; elements and compounds are pure substances

WeightWeight

A measure of the force of gravity on an object.

ParticlesParticles

Very small pieces of solid or liquid matter.

Homogeneous MixtureHomogeneous Mixture

Parts of a mixture are evenly distributed.

Heterogeneous MixtureHeterogeneous Mixture

Parts of a mixture are not evenly distributed.

MixtureMixture

Formed when two or more substances are combined physically.

CompoundCompound

Formed when two or more substances are combined chemically.

EvaporationEvaporation

When a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.

MeniscusMeniscus

The curved surface level of water in a graduated cylinder.

ViscosityViscosity

The thickness of a fluid or the resistance of fluid to flow. A high viscosity fluid will not flow as easily as a low viscosity fluid (Mud will not move as easily as water).

AmorphousAmorphous

A type of solid that forms without a fixed pattern.

CrystalCrystal

A type of solid that forms when a collection of atoms is repeated in the same arrangement over and over again throughout a substance.

VaporizationVaporization

Change of state from a liquid to a gas at or above its boiling point.

SublimationSublimation

Change of state from a solid to a gas without first becoming a liquid.

CondensationCondensation

Change of state from a gas to a liquid, usually due to cooling or compression.

Condensation PointCondensation Point

The temperature at which a gas becomes a liquid. This happens when energy is removed and gas is cooled.

DepositionDeposition

Change of state from gas to a solid without first becoming a liquid.

CompressCompress

To press or squeeze together.

EnergyEnergy

Basic property defined as the capacity to do work. Energy in the form of heat is needed to change from one phase to another. The basic forms of energy include electrical, chemical, mechanical, nuclear and radiant (light).

PhasePhase

A physical condition or stage of matter. Another word for phase is "state".

StateState

A physical condition or stage of matter. Another word for state is "phase."

PlasmaPlasma

Considered a 4th "state of matter. Plasma is a lot like gas but is made up of free electrons and ions. Electricity (a form of energy) flowing through the gas in a neon sign, or a fluorescent light make plasma in those lights.

PressurePressure

The measure of force that acts on a unit area.

VaporVapor

Another word for gas. Vapor is the word used to describe gases that are usually found as liquids, such as water.

THE END!!!THE END!!!