MEDITERRANEAN WORKSHOP ON NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF … · regulations: ATV-A 200, DWA-A 201, DIN EN...

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water sources for greenhouse irrigation Technische Universität Berlin

Marco Schmidt

Technische Universität Berlin Working Group Applied Hydrology Section Building Technology and Design

Wastewater, rainwater and pre-selected grey water

as a water source for greenhouse irrigation,

Concepts and unsolved questions

MEDITERRANEAN WORKSHOP ON NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF RECYCLING

NON CONVENTIONAL WATER IN PROTECTED CULTIVATION

29. April 2008 Agadir/ Maroc

Best practise of treatment: Evaporation and condensation

Watergy PT1 PT2

2 l/m² per day is required for irrigation of a “closed greenhouse”

75% (1,5 l) can be reclaimed by condensation processes

This amount can be used to "mix" the irrigation or return to the city for freshwater supply after a minor post-treatment process

Combined Approach

Seperation of wastewaterGreywater Pretreatment Greenhouse irrigationRainwater (Pretreatment) Greenhouse irrigationUrine Fertilizer Plant nutritionFaecals Biomass production

Pretreatment options• Aerated pond• Gravel filter• Membrane ultra filtration

Aerated Pondoperation costs: aeration of the water through pumps at least 4 kWh/m³ wastewater [after: DWA- A 203] wastewater retention time: > 5 daysregulations: ATV-A 200, DWA-A 201, DIN EN 12255-5

Performance of treatment ponds differ

reduction of the biological oxygen demand (BOD5): 95 until 99%

nitrogen removal: 10 % until 90 %

phosphorous removal: 0 until 80% (after Barjenbruch, Teschner 2006)

Gravel filters instead of sand filters - to avoid clogging

Rainwater treatment and use Potsdamer Platz, Berlin Catchment area 40.000 m²Cistern – tank size 3500 m³ (15%)Artificial pond 13.000 m²

PP rr oo

jj eecc tt

ddaa tt

Gravel filter for rainwater treatment 1900 m²

water sources for greenhouse irrigation Technische Universität BerlinBiological Cleansing

-Greenroofs-Storm water reuse-Retention

Berlin-Lankwitz • mainly treatment of the “first flush” runoff• Treatment: gravel filter

inside of a “greenhouse”• Visualisation• UV- Radiation

Main difference between greywater and rainwater pretreatment: storage capacity

Gravel filter

Field c

ityFilte

r surfa

ceWate

r rete

Wastew

ater lo

tewate

r load

Retentio

n time

Retentio

n time

[Vol %] [m²] [Liter] [m³/d] [l/(m²*d)] [min] [h]

Expanded clay 8/16 14,32 2,50 214,85 9,90 3960,00 31,25 0,52 Lankwitz 1

Gravel 4/8 5,22 2,50 78,35 9,90 3960,00 11,40 0,19 Lankwitz 2

Expanded slate 1/3 24,74 25,00 4823,33 4,80 192,00 1447,00 24,12 UFA

Constructed gravel bed for pre-treatment of wastewater in open/ closed greenhouses

evaporation loss in an open greenhouse: 5 l/m² per day (20% of the wastewater input)

evaporation loss in a closed greenhouse: 2,3 l/m² per day (2,5 % of the wastewater input)

Constructed gravel bed for pre-treatment of greywater in open/ closed greenhouse

evaporation loss in an open greenhouse: 5 l/m² per day (2% of the greywater input)

evaporation loss in a closed greenhouse: 2,3 l/m² per day (0,25 % of the greywater input)

Membrane Systems: Ultrafiltration

www.techneau.eu

Membrane filtration

Example: Ultrasource by Aquasource www.techneau.eu

Water - Energy

Global change - Global warming

Palaeogeography: we dry out the planet

We dry We dry out out the the planet !planet !

DevelopmentDevelopment: : dramatic reductiondramatic reduction in in evapotranspiration evapotranspiration !!

Daily Daily loss loss of of forestsforests worldwideworldwide:: 350 km²350 km²

Daily Daily deforestationdeforestation in in the amazon regionthe amazon region: : 40 km²40 km²

Daily Daily loss loss in in the mediterranean areathe mediterranean area: : 45 km²45 km²

Daily Daily urbanization urbanization in Germany:in Germany: 1 km²1 km²

Dry Climate•

reduced

evapotranspiration

increased thermal radiation•

increased sensible heat

Naturalistic Landscape:•

evapotranspiration,

20% groundwater recharge and runoff

86% of „consumed“ net radiation

(Prec. Berlin: 680 mm, PET 760 mm)

Evaporation reduces thermal radiation and sensible heat fluxEvaporation reduces thermal radiation and sensible heat flux

Evaporation(Latent Heat)1888 Wh

Sensible Heat575 Wh

Main Influencing Factors:

VegetaitionPrecipitationSoil fertility

Reflection328 Wh

Sustainable land use

Stopping deforestation

Reduction of urbanization

Global Radiation BalanceEnergy balance, daily mean Condition

Global Radiation4514 Wh

Increased Thermal Radiation 1724 Wh

Net Radiation2462 Wh

Net Longwave (Thermal) Radiation7776 Wh

Ø Daily Global Mean in Wh/m²source: www.physicalgeography.net

Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro

Sensible Heat575 Wh

Main Influencing Factors:

VegetaitionPrecipitationSoil fertility

Reflection328 Wh

Sustainable land use

Stopping deforestation

Reduction of urbanization

Global Radiation BalanceEnergy balance, daily mean Condition

Ø Daily Global Mean in Wh/m²source: www.physicalgeography.net

ReducedReduced evapotranspirationevapotranspiration in urban areas increases thermal in urban areas increases thermal radiation and changes up to 95% of the radiation and changes up to 95% of the netnet radiation to heatradiation to heat

Niederschlag

Evaporation(Latent Heat)

123 Wh

Sensible Heat1827 Wh

Main Influencing Factors:Surface colour (Albedo)Heat capacity of the surfaceExposition

Reflection482 Wh

Uncomfortable microclimateLow durability of thesealing of the roofHigh surface runoff, low evapotranspirationPollution of the surface waters

Asphalt roofEnergy balance, daily mean Disadvantages

Net Longwave (Thermal) Radiation 7555 Wh

Ø Daily Mean in Wh/m² June-August 2000UFA-Fabrik Berlin-Tempelhof

On a green roof,On a green roof, evapotranspirationevapotranspiration reduces thermal radiation reduces thermal radiation and changes up to 65% of the and changes up to 65% of the net net radiation to evaporative coolingradiation to evaporative cooling

Niederschlag

Sensible Heat872 Wh

Main Influencing Factors:Field capacity of the soilExpositionPercentage of coverof the vegetation

Reflection803 Wh

Improvement of the microclimateHigh durability of thesealing of the roofReduction of the runoffby evapotranspiration

Extensive Greened RoofEnergy balance, daily mean Advantages

Ø Daily Mean in Wh/m² June-August 2000UFA-Fabrik Berlin-Tempelhof

BAM Citadella BAM Citadella –– IRAN (Persia) IRAN (Persia) -- 3500 years3500 years

Global Global radiationradiation balancebalance

afterafter Greenpeace / S. Greenpeace / S. Krauter Krauter 20062006

Global Global radiationradiation balancebalance

COCO22 and global and global warmingwarming

Road to Road to Kalat NaderiKalat Naderi, Iran. , Iran. Foto: Foto: ShahirehShahireh Sharif Sharif wwwwww..iranianiranian..comcom

http://www.watergy.dehttp://www.waterparadigm.orghttp://www.evapotranspiration.net

Thank you for your attention ! Merci beaucoup !

Vielen

Dank !

MEDITERRANEAN WORKSHOP ON NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF … · regulations: ATV-A 200, DWA-A 201, DIN EN...

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