Post on 30-May-2018
transcript
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
1/35
Middle Ages in Europe
Chapters 9-10
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
2/35
Dark Ages The 500 years
following the fall ofRome
Trade declined,farms replacedcities and the life ofthe poor got worseand worse.
Most were notconcerned withlearning, onlysurvival mattered
Learning The Catholic Church
and the MuslimScholars preservedthe advancements ofGreece and Romeand ran the onlyschools.
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
3/35
Germanic
Kingdoms
The Franks were thegreatest of thesekingdoms
They converted to
Christianity under Clovis Charles Martel
stopped the Muslimadvance into Europeat the Battle of Tours
His Grandson,Charlemagne, becameleader of the Franks andwas crowned Holy
Roman Emperor 800AD He tried to reunite theRoman Empire throughLatin learning andChristianity
Became the most powerfulChristian ruler in Europe
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
4/35
Feudalism Kings let rich noblemen or
Lords control land, fief, inexchange for help duringbattleor protection. see page296
Knighthood arose inresponse to the warfare anddanger of the Middle Ages
Only the sons of noblemencould become knights
They wore armor and chainmail, used cross-bows,swords, and pikes, and rodehorses
Chivalry= code of conduct inwhich knights were expectedto be gentlemen and honorthe Church
Serfs were poor farmers, They worked the land for
themselves and their lord,
lived in tiny huts, and oftendied in battle
Lords
King
Lords
King
Vassals/
Knights
Serfs
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
5/35
The Role of Women
Women had an active rolein the feudal society. took care of the manor
while their husbands wereaway at war or court.
Oversaw finances, food,home, servants, etc.
Still were expected tosubmit to their husbands.
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
6/35
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
7/35
Manorialism A manor was anagricultural estate
run by a Lord andworked bypeasants. Peasants led a
simple life of hard
labor and meagerfood and drink butcould attendfestivals.
Over time there
were majorimprovements inagriculture that ledto a revival oftrade, cities, andindustry.
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
8/35
Agricultural Improvements between
1000-1300 include: Horse Collar and
Horseshoe: easier to plowthe land and faster turnover.
Wheeled Plow: long stripsof land could be tilled atonce and farm villagesemerge
3 Field System: increase
food production and keepsoil from being exhausted
Water and Wind Power:less animal and humanpower needed and greater
production
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://z.about.com/d/inventors/1/0/8/C/brownhorseshoe.gif&imgrefurl=http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blhorseshoe.htm&h=282&w=325&sz=10&hl=en&start=11&um=1&tbnid=aC_ySFo6gLxB4M:&tbnh=102&tbnw=118&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmedieval%2Bhorse%2Bcollar%2Band%2Bhorseshoe%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLR,GGLR:2006-49,GGLR:enhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.hermosabch.org/graphics/oldmill2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.hermosabch.org/about/history/vetter1.html&h=429&w=324&sz=21&hl=en&start=6&um=1&tbnid=wq2MeVIzCQcU4M:&tbnh=126&tbnw=95&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwind%2Bmill%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLR,GGLR:2006-49,GGLR:en%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Overshot_water_wheel_schematic.svg/580px-Overshot_water_wheel_schematic.svg.png&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Overshot_water_wheel_schematic.svg&h=599&w=580&sz=122&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=PJnNiewLF58LhM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=131&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Bwheel%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLR,GGLR:2006-49,GGLR:en%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cache.eb.com/eb/image%3Fid%3D1322%26rendTypeId%3D4&imgrefurl=http://www.britannica.com/ebc/art-11753/A-team-of-Clydesdales-pulling-a-plow-at-a-draft&h=300&w=446&sz=59&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=CNNTuCVGH29gQM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwheeled%2Bplow%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLR,GGLR:2006-49,GGLR:en%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ghkuhlmann.de/kureng/Image10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ghkuhlmann.de/kureng/glossary.html&h=925&w=1273&sz=74&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=0jDHTomW5U94pM:&tbnh=109&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmedieval%2Bhorse%2Bcollar%2Band%2Bhorseshoe%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLR,GGLR:2006-49,GGLR:en8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
9/35
The Roman Catholic Church Popes were as powerful if not more than a king
The Church controlled much of the land in Europe andoften conflicted with kings over power and wealth.
Church officials like priests, monks, and nuns wereeducated and helped those in need
They provided help for the sick and the poor. Housed travelers and ran hospitals.
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
10/35
Roman Catholic
Church Continued New religious orders
emerged in the 11thcentury. See pages 325-327 Cistercians,
Franciscans, andDominicans Led simple lives and
tried to reform thechurch and bring theclergy back to the
basics. Inquisition
Church court set up toroot out heresy by forcesome times usingtorture, prison, or even
death.
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
11/35
Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Abraham: Journey of Faith
1.Identify the following:
a) Abraham
b) Ishmael
c) Isaac
2.Tell why Muslims believe the Holy Land is
their birth right:
http://smb//Jbfafs1/vol1/USERS/CL119/ABRAHAM.docxhttp://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/12/01/html/ft_20011201.6.htmlhttp://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/12/01/html/ft_20011201.6.htmlhttp://smb//Jbfafs1/vol1/USERS/CL119/ABRAHAM.docx8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
12/35
Islam Founded: In Mecca by
Muhammad Believed to be the last and
greatest prophet
The Quran (Koran) is the sacredbook of Islam Five Pillars:
Faith in One God, Allah, andMuhammad is his prophet
Daily Prayer, 5x, facing Mecca
Help for the poor Hajj: Visit to holy city of Mecca Fast during Holy month of
Ramadan Jihad is
An individual's striving for spiritualself-perfection
A Muslim holy war or spiritualstruggle against infidels.
Sharia, or system of law, that toldpeople how to behave in familylife, and the community.
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
13/35
Spread of Islam
Disagreements over whoshould be ruler led to division
Rulers treated people fairlyand many converted to Islam.
Spread across Europe, Africa,and Asia with a unified Arabiclanguage
In the 1100s it reached India
Sikhism was a new religion thatcombined Hinduism and Islam
Two powerful empires: 1400s Ottomans in Middle East
Safavids in Persia
The Ottoman
Empire in 1566
(The Ottomans
were Turkic people
from Central Asia -
but continued to
spread Islam)
750CE from
present day
France to
India.
661
632 at
the
death
of
Muha-
mmad
http://www.raqs.co.nz/me/graphics/map1566.gifhttp://www.raqs.co.nz/me/graphics/map1566.gifhttp://www.raqs.co.nz/me/graphics/map1566.gifhttp://www.raqs.co.nz/me/graphics/map750.gifhttp://www.raqs.co.nz/me/graphics/map661.gifhttp://www.raqs.co.nz/me/graphics/map632.gif8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
14/35
Ottoman and Safavid Empire Maps
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
15/35
Golden Age of Muslim Civilization
Blending of Cultures->Strong Economy-
>Spread Islam->Trade
Influenced: Art= beautiful writing, paint people and animals
Literature=Quran, poetry, stories
Learning= Translate Greek writings, algebra,
earths circumference Architecture= mosques, spires, domes and arches
Medicine= doctor tests, hospitals, medical books
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
16/35
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
17/35
Jerusalem Timeline
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
18/35
Crusades Flow Map
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
19/35
Crusades Flow Map
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
20/35
Kingdom of Heaven1. Describe Balians relationship with his father.
2. Why did he go to the Holy Land?
3. Who controlled the Holy Land during the time of this movie?
4. What took place in the ceremony where Balain became aknight? Where did you see the same thing again later in themovie?
5. Describe the first major confrontation between the Christiansand Muslims outside the Castle.
6. What happened to the King of Jerusalem?
7. Who becomes the new king and queen of Jerusalem? Why
not Balian?8. What do you think about Saladin? Was he a good or bad
ruler?
9. Why did Balian stay to protect Jerusalem?
10. What was the outcome of the final war? Who then controlledthe Holy Land?
Holy Land Discussion:
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
21/35
Holy Land Discussion: Listen to Baliansspeech once again. Do you agree or disagree with his
stance on the issue of the Holy Land being equally holy to
followers of all three faiths? Why or why not?
1. Those of you that disagree, why?
2. Which of the three religions controlled the Holy Land for the longestamount of time?
3. Does this fact help or hurt their claim to the land?
4. How would you feel if you were a Muslim whose ancestors hadoccupied the Holy Land up until the time of World War I and thenhad it taken away and given to the Jews in 1948?
5. How would you have responded to this act?
6. Would a violent response be justified?
7. Why do some of you that agree that the Holy Land is equally holy to
all three religions?8. Would it be possible for these three faiths to share ownership of this
land?
9. How has that worked in the past?
10. What role should the United States play, if any, in Middle East
affairs?
E i
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
22/35
Later Middle Ages
Europe in
Crisis During
the Late
Middle Ages
four major
problems
swept through
Western
Europe whichwere famine
(a long period
of time with
little to nofood),
disease, war,
and death
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
23/35
Triumph of Death
1. What type of feeling do you have whenyou look at this picture?
2. What message is the artist trying toconvey?
3. Which five images do you think bestillustrate Death?
4. Which five images seem most odd to
you?5. What would you change about the
painting?
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
24/35
Black Death
Plague that swept throughEurope killing 38 million ofthe 75 million people inEurope alone (1/3)
Brought to Europe fromAsia through trade.
Effects include:redistribution of wealth,anti-Semitism, decline intrade, questioning thechurch.
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
25/35
Black Death Activity Death: Dying with the plague Jews : blamed for the plague Survivors: lost loved ones
Make a list of the feelings that a person in your
roll would have based on their experiencesduring this terrible time. Write a poem about your experience during the
Black Death. Put yourself in their shoes. It canbe from the perspective of a child, teenager,
adult, or elderly person. Upload your poem to Ning in the form of a blogentry then read and comment on yourclassmates poems.
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
26/35
Europe in Crisis
Famine Black DeathProblems with the
Church
Causes:
Hundred Years War
Causes:
Effects: Effects:
pp. 337-339pp. 337
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
27/35
Upheaval in the Church
Hard times caused people toquestion the church officials andauthority.
The Catholic church became dividedbetween France and Rome, The
Great Schism John Wycliffe insisted that ordinarypeople should be able to read the bibleand translated it.
John Hus, a Czech Reformer, called
for and end to corruption of the clergyand the excessive power of thepapacy.
By the 1400s no longer the mostpowerful authority in Europe.
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
28/35
Medieval
Architecture
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
29/35
The Hundred Years
War1337-1453???
Long war between Englandand France.
At first the English were winningat Crecy in 1346 and again atAgincourt in 1415.
In 1429 Joan of Arc helped leadthe French to victory over theEnglish but was burned at the
stake for witchcraft in 1430. France eventually won in 1453
thanks to the cannon.
Joan of Arc
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
30/35
Joan of Arc
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
31/35
Joan of Arc
Right side of the room = England
Left side of the room = France From the perspective of your assigned
country answer the following questions on theback of your reading: Did Joan really hear from God or was she crazy?
Was Joan a hero or a mad woman?
Should she have been burned at the stake? Was it worth it?
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
32/35
Time of Change: End of
Feudalism
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
33/35
Time of Change and the
End of Feudalism in the
14th Century New Goods such as silk and
spices encouraged trade
Trade led to merchants orbusiness people
In return for money the lord gave atown a charter making thetownsfolk free
Guilds, organizations for skilledlaborers, made sure workers were
treated fairly New Middle Class develops
Towns, cities, and Trade thrive Learning became important
8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
34/35
Rise of Nation States Nation-states are nations that have
sovereign political and geographicterritory.
England: Resented their cruel King John and
forced him to sign the Magna Carta,which was the beginning of freedomfor the English people
England also set up a Parliament topass laws
France: Hundred Years War with England,
increased in money and power Holy Roman Empire
Struggle with Popes and had no realpower
Russia: Invaded by the Mongols, Vikings, and
Slavs, Christianized by ByzantineMissionaries
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/medieval/magframe.asphttp://avalon.law.yale.edu/medieval/magframe.asp8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1
35/35
Meanwhile
In Asia Mongols led by
Genghis Khancaptured theByzantine Empireand had the largestEmpire the world hasever known
Technology andAdvancements such
as: paper money,compass, gunpowder,Taj Mahal
Turks also attackedthe Byzantine Empireand captured
Constantinople