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8/13/2019 Mission Impossible: Why Crisis Management Missions Do Not Increase the Visibility of the European Union
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Mission Impossible
Why C Mt M D NtI th Vty f th Eu U
Sth B. Ad
N. 58 | D 2013
WORKING PAPER
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KFG Working Paper Series
Edited by the Kolleg-ForschergruppeTh Trafrav Pwr f Eur
Th KFG W P S v t dt th h ut f th K-Fhu y
th v t d u. It t h d xh w t tth d d
x h t d xt du Eu d th Eu U.
A KFG W P v th KFG wt t www.tfu.u dd t v
t tf-u@fu-.d.
Cyht f th u: Sth B. Ad
Edt t d du: Ad Bh d F Buh
Ad, Sth B. 2013: M I: Why C Mt M D Nt I th Vty f th
Eu U, KFG W P S, N. 58, D 2013, K-Fhu (KFG) Th TfvPw f Eu, F Uvtt B.
ISSN 1868-6834 (Pt)
ISSN 1868-7601 (Itt)
Th u h fudd y th G Rh Fud (DFG).
F Uvtt B
K-Fhu
Th Tfv Pw f Eu:
Th Eu U d th Du f Id
Iht. 26
14195 B
Gy
Ph: +49 (0)30- 838 57033
Fx: +49 (0)30- 838 57096
tf-u@fu-.d
www.tfu.u
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Mission Impossible
Why Cr Maagt M D Nt Icra th Vty f
th Eura U
Stephanie B. Anderson
Atract
Th Eu U (EU) C F d Suty Py (CFSP) d t y C
Suty d Df Py (CSDP) t ud t th t f th EU.
U th dt dt, th tudy ftu tt y tht vut hw uh d wht
d f d v CSDP v. I , th w v v, ut td. Th
u tht th tutu: th vy tu f th thv, whth EU
NATO, th vh f EU f , tu, d . By
d, thy dutd th dd f , w v y v. Th vy
t f ud ud th . Ituy, CSDP tvt;
thf, th tt t th v. Ly, th uuy td t,
udvd t f th wd, t dut d xv f Eu d t ju-
t t v. Mv, th d hv thv, f . Th uth ud
tht thuh y d d, CSDP t fu th y fu f
th f th EU.
Th Authr
Sth B. Ad B.S.F.S. (Gtw), M.S. (E), Ph.D. (Cantab.)
t f f d djut f f t-
tud d d d w tud t th Uvty f
Wy. M ty, h w fw t th F Uvty
f B h EU uty d df y, dty-f,
d t d th h--d t th EU Ct
S. H , Craing EU Security Policy: In Pursuit of a European
Identy (Bud, CO: Ly R, 2008) d h ud-
t S Fuht Rh Sh t th G Itut
f It d Suty A (SWP). H t Fuht w
S Sh th Gdut Sh f It Stud t S
Uvty Su, K. Sh h uhd v ju d
dtd vu udArmed Forces and Societyd European Foreign
Aairs Review. Ctt: dhd@uwy.du
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Contents
1. Itdu 5
2. Vty d th CSDP: I th EU It P
d Sut A t Cz 6
3. Th Md Cv f CSDP M: L M d L
Dt 7
3.1 Methodology: Assessing the Media Coverage of CSDP Missions 8
3.2 Content Analysis Data 11
4. Why CSDP M P Vh f EU P 13
4.1 Secrecy + Low Prole = Poor Public Relaons Opportunies 14
4.2 Instuonal Constraints: Member States Take the Glory 15
4.3 Logiscs: Locaon, Locaon, Locaon, and Timing 17
5. Cu: Sufu M Rqu Lw P 18
Rf 21
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1. Itrduc
Th Eu U (EU) h td th 25 t ud th wd
2003. Utd N (UN) Sty G B K- ttd tht th Utd N d thEu U hv t th, d xd h d d d -
f wht th Eu U h d t f d ty w th -
t d ht f hu ht, t h d th ht t t (S
f th Sty G, Hh Rtv f CFSP 2007). I t th qu wh w
d f Eu, G F Mt Jh Fh d, Eu d f d
Afht, B d Kv. () Thy th f t, ut thy
v wd tt - Eu. Th u, () [t]h t. Ad d f Eu, d
hv dd (Bt 2005). Nvth, th d v tht
th vty w d t f th Eu Cu D 2013, d t f th t .
C w P Ahd xd,
its obvious that visibility is part of being eecve. Its important for the recipients of the aid to know
who they are dealing with and for the European tax payer, the donors of the aid, to see the acons on
the ground, in terms of their future engagement (Reman 2010).
I th yth th EU d t th vty f CSDP ? Vy . Th vy tu f th
, whth th z th EU th Nth At Tty Oz (NATO),
t th u f t t f f-. Ev wh CSDP u-
fu, th ut EU uty xty dut. Ft, y, thy t wy th
ut f d-d , d, thf, d t d thv t uty. S th
tt th d d tu, tht th d d th tx vu, tu
tt vt t th dt wh th u d th EU wh th
. Ly, CSDP uuy td t, udvd t f th wd,
wthut thv, f , t dut d xv f Eu d t
jut t v. Hwv, th f v y th t u f th -
y y w d v t f wh t th t.
Athuh y d d, CSDP t fu th y fu f th
f th EU.
Th t f th x th f u CSDP t hw th EU.
Nxt, u dt f qutv tt y, th uth dtt tht th y dt;
, CSDP th vy w v d d t ud th U .
Hwv, dy v t t NATO dtt tht th
t th EU . Th th u qutv y t x hw th vy tu f CSDP -
ud th u t.
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2. Vty ad th CSDP: Icrag th EU Itraa Prg ad Surt
Ag t Cz1
Th EU f d uty y ud t th f th EU th t h d d.Th 1993 Mtht Tty Eu U ttd tht f th f th wy t-
hd CFSP w t t t dty th t . Th w ttd th St-
M D D 1998, whh d t th f f th uqut Eu Suty
d Df Py2 d tht Eu [ud] t v hd wd (F d
Cwth O f th UK 1998). Ad t th 2003 Ct f EU Mt M,
f th w t h EU vty (Cu f th Eu U 2003). I 2010, th
Eu Ext A Sv (EEAS) w thd wth th d: t th
U d u th wd (Cu f th Eu U 2010).
My tt hv d f u t v f th CSDP wy f
t t d t u ut f th Eu jt. Luxu, whh hd th EU
dy du th t hf f 2005, d th u f ESDP t t. Athuh
thy, th qut tuv.
To achieve the goal of an improved and enhanced communicaon strategy, there is no secret: explain,
popularize, envelop it in common language at the same me as debang its objecves and concepts
in order to spread it among the public. In most of the European sociees, where armed conicts have
a bad reputaon and where the horrors of war are sll profoundly anchored, speaking about security
and defence oen awakens suspicion and provokes a sense of unease which it is dicult to get rid of.
Nonetheless, stereotypes and misleading senments tend to stay on forever. Therefore, in order to
convince, the European Union and the Member States have to become even more acve and have
to develop a true communicaon strategy on ESDP. The objecve of this strategy should be to rally
public opinion around a policy and to legimate the ESDP by a strong parliamentary and popular
support[sic, but emphasis added] (Luxembourg Presidency of the Council of the European Union 2005).
Ad h ut th d v: d v, vdd t th v d -
tt, h u d th EU (d V/Bd 2006 : 419).
I A 2006, th Wt Eu U (WEU) Ay, d f f th -
t, d t tht dtd tht th th d th w y uh t-
t. Th tu udd, th EU th uty f th [du th ALTHEA M
t B] hd t tutd uh ht hopedtwd h th wy whh th ESDP
w vd y th u t [h ddd] (Ay f th Wt Eu U 2006).
Thf, t ut dd t d d t th u (Ay f
th Wt Eu U 2006). Jut fw w t, th UK Pt htd tw-dy
Bud u Eu wd: Pty ty d h u
uty d df.
1 F -dth y f CSDP dty ud th EU, Ad (2008).
2 Th L Tty t hd th f th y t th C Suty d Df Py (CSDP).
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D- ud t th td d v d u ut f CSDP
th 2008 Rt th It f th Eu Suty Stty Pvd Suty
Ch Wd:
Maintaining public support for our global engagement is fundamental. In modern democracies, where
media and public opinion are crucial to shaping policy, popular commitment is essenal to sustaining
our commitments abroad. We deploy police, judicial experts and soldiers in unstable zones around the
world. There is an onus on governments, parliaments and EU instuons to communicate how this
contributes to security at home (Council of the European Union 2008: 12).
Wth th Cu P d Suty C (PSC), th tt hv ud t v
th v f vty d EU v. I -u wht , d
y G 2010, t th PSC td Eh th EU u dy: B vty d y
EU f The role of the E.E.A.S. and of the PSC th G vt d u th EEAS t
t u t th vty f th EU th wd t d th f th EU y
th u d f t [...] t t t th hu d
t vdd y th EU.3Bth th Eu Cu f D 2012 d D 2013 hv
udd th t f th vty f th CSDP (Eu Cu 2012: 10).4
3. Th Mda Cvrag f CSDP M: L M ad L Dat
I , th CSDP hv ufu f thy hv hd th , hd
f f, d t vy . Cty, th hv dy t,
f x, wh Iq EULEX Iq, uht t th Nthd f jud t, u
ut t yu Swd,5ut, t y hv S6, th hv t
f hv ty v w. A Lu Fd, Luxu t d Pdt-- f
th Cu xd, Eu d th wd u v d ( td A Eu
2005: 4). Thf, th Cu dtd tdd f hv t d t t f
vvd ESDP . Ay v f hu ht t td, d t t th
th, u d utu dvty f th u. Du u d xu xt fd-
d: It d f dut tht EU d wthy tv f th EU dut
thuhut th wd ( td A Eu 2005: 4). Th d t ht, d
yt, th d hv ty d th CSDP .
3 A t EU dut td y Pu Stu (2010: 1).
4 I vty f th CSDP h d d t f th futu Eu Cu D
2013.
5 Itvw wth Duth f th Pt M f th Nthd t th Eu U, 8 Nv
2005, Bu, Bu.
6 Th Juy 1995 S d du th B w f t th f 8,000 B
B Mu v dtd f ud UN t. Th 400 Duth th
ud w u t vt th .
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T v d f hw y ht t t u G Nw hv, tht , h 25,000
w u f th ty f t hv f 2004 wd, t d f th tu
U.S. Pdt B O wth 48,800,000 ht. Th EU t 7,250,000 ht. Th Eu th
1,700,000 ht. G Ch A M t 1,480,000 ht. Eu C dtJ Mu B h 168,000. Cd t th h t d Eu uty,
yth vv CSDP v f f th w . NATO th 6,770,000 ht.
F Hh Rtv f th C F d Suty Py, Jv S 91,500 ht
d h u, Cth Aht, 85,300. Th t EU t t 4,280 ht. Th
t CFSP v 686 ht d th t CSDP t 158 ht. 7Th u y y w
u thy y. Add th ht G Nw hv f th CSDP ut
tt u f 24,975 ht. I t, u th t u, tht th t 25,000
tt ht f CSDP , th d 0.35 t f th d tht th EU d
NATO vd, d ut 15 t f th tht th CFSP Hh Rtv ( th
tt) vd du th d. O NATO , ISAF (Afht), vd 158,000 ht,
th x th w v f th CSDP d. Nvth, t NATO
v v. Th th tu f th : thy vh
f f-.
3.1 Methodology: Assessing the Media Coverage of CSDP Missions
Jut hw uh d v hv th CSDP d? I tt y, 2011, th uth
d h h tt d th f vy CSDP t th t dt:
Lx/Nx Ad (Lx); Wd Nw C (WNC), fy th F Bdt If
Sv (FBIS); d th G Nw hv. Lx/Nx h dt f v 10,000 w u-
.8WNC, td y th O Su Ct, y f th U.S. vt, h thud f -
U.S. d ttd t Eh, wth u h d v. 9G Nw
v th 25,000 w u wdwd (Ch 2009). By u th dt dt, th
h w t tut th d. Bth th uth d h tt wt v th
t u d tt d.
Du t u , th h jt y uzd Eh ttd t Eh.
Bth Lx d WNC dt hv xtv hv f Eh-u , ttd d th-
w. Dt th t, th h ydd thud f w , , dt
tt, d vu f w u ud th wd. I d t u th y
f y vt , tht th CSDP qu d t, f x, y
7 O 3 Ot 2013, th uth d th t t G Nw hv (2004 t t) t t th wdt
u f ht.
8 h://www.xx./-u/dut/xx-d.. LxNx v th Eh d -E-h j wd u u w v, dt tt, z, ju, d w.
9 F f, h://w.fdwd.v/d.ht.
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th t f S , h t udd y th (..
EULEX Kv, EUFOR C) d dt t wh y (.. th u EUPOL
C). Athuh vt ht hv d u th t, t CSDP
d th y . Mv, th t f th tudy w t dv hw th EU w hhhtd d t wh th tt w hhhtd. S
t th y f t d d t ut y vt ut ,
w d f th t thuhut th , d t h wth th hd d
d. Th tt y y xudd , vt ju d t, d
duty t du t tt d v t h t d t.
I d t dut tt y, uh vu f , th 15,000 th LxNx
d Wd Nw C dt, ttd th u f d f th vu .
Th y t f wth hh vu (v 150) f d f f 100
, d f th z. Th t td th d t dy t d
, . F x, th EUFOR Ath th WNC h ydd 266 ht,
vy d d th d f th tt y ( 2, 4, 6, t.). M
wth fw tht 150 ht ttd tt y f v t u th t
ut f t y. S th f wy t xud th vt ty f
u wth th h t th v h , whv
th y xudd ty f d th ut, th xt vt w
yzd d th f dy ud t th dtd tv.
Sht d th tw h ttd hty dt h thd . F
x, th WNC dt y t y, thu x th f f th Eu
Cuty/U Mt M (ECMM/EUMM), th B t . Futh,
Lx wd f f th y dt, t wth th t v dt. WNC td -
y dt ut y wd f t wth th tt dt. Wh t d, th tt y
f th WNC f h wth th t t d d t th t.
Ay f Lx u wth th t d d f th. Wth -
d t Lx/Nx, w dd t fy t t th t wd . W h t h
f th wd tu u. Wh LxNx w dy u f ht th 3,000, th
th dt hd uh t.
Cd f h td f v dt v: dt, , v,
v t, uty f f th u, th f th (u f t), th f
th tu v th (u f t), wd ut, h uzd, ty
(w, y, , ), d u. WNC h udd td wd ut
du t th f td d, d xv t d h t. I d t -
tt, u f th wd ut v dud v y th v h .
Idfy f t h wd f thwd d f th v (dt,
uty f , th f , th , h , d u). Th h
uy utd th t f th th f th d th th .
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Th v f v t, ty, d v qud tt d t du t th u-
jv tu f th v. Cv t f th td f th v v d.
Pv td th f th v , yzd th d ut
f th , htzd th y t f v ut wy. I th wd, thut wd twd th v. Nv fud t y t.
M dth, u u du t th , u dtv t
( th EU, t, d v), d/ t d tt t w th dt
f v v t. Th tt t f d v w y d t
y fy th t wh th jty f th v d v ut.
A ty td f fu t: w, y, , d . I t , th
dfy f th dd th ty. Wh th uh h -
fd t vd th f wth th , thuh d f th ud wth
t vuy tzd vdd ut f t dt th t
ty.
Pv f th vd t th t dut t d. Pv td f th dt
t: , t, Eu. Du t v v, u tw th
Eu d t v, th y t dd t thuh. F t
dd Eu v, th jty f th hd t t th f th
wth d t th EU, u d Eu d d d-, tt
th wth d wth th EU Eu wh. F t dd t -
v, th dd t v th f th v (y
wth d t th UN, NATO, th t z; , th f t
uty), f th uty whh th w t wth th u
f t tu tt. F t dd v, t
dd y t v dvdu tt x wth th , y th f f udt-
y d d . Udutdy, ud d t
Eu, Eu, ut th t vd t t uh uty .
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3.2 Content Analysis Data
MISSION LEXIS NEXIS
WORLD NEWS
CONNECTION
GOOGLE NEWS
ArchvEUTM S 72 18 142
EUNAVFOR S (Att) 336 482 1,720
EUNAVCO S 4 0 8
EUMM G 518 106 577
EULEX Kv 3,000+ 2,728 8,790
EU SSR Gu-Bu 16 11 12
EUFOR TCHAD Chd 1,494 367 1,220
EUPOL Afht 400 69 1,060
EUPOL C 104 8 210EUFOR RD C 522 103 1,130
EUPT Kv 27 9 40
EUPAT Md 7 3 8
EUPOL COPPS P t-
t 124 13 64
EUBAM U-Mdv 179 36 27
EUBAM Rfh 95 17 231
AMM Ah 658 107 935
Sut t AMIS Sud 122 64 2,580
EUJUST LEX Iq 86 11 52
EUSEC C 74 10 263
EUPOL Kh C 50 4 124
EUFOR Ath B 275 266 4,430
EUPOL Px Md 16 191 45
ARTEMIS C 459 82 380
CONCORDIA Md 327 205 569
EUPM B 890 308 355
ECMM/EUMM B 3 1 3
TOTAL 9,858+ 5,219 24,975
I w u, th CSDP t vy y td d utt uh w, d,
d tv. Of th , y EULEX Kv hd ht u th thud th dt-
. Oy ht ut f 26 hd ht th hudd th dt.
Of th 3010 yzd, y 89 w y (3 t), 200 w (6 t), 65
w (2 t), th w d th t w w (88 t). Th w dt-
. 21 t w dd Eu v (626/3,010), 52 t (1,564/3,010) w t-
th v f th , d 27 t (820/3,010) t v. Av
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th th thv w 14.3 , ut y 715 ut f th 3,010 (24 t) hd
th t th thv. I t f wd, y 233/3,010 8 t f
tht d th t w v 1,000 wd th. I th wd, -dth du
y f th thv w xty td.
F d Bu d th th t f tt u f ut th d th
v u f f h . I t f th, Gy w th d uty wth
D d Bu hd.
Tu t th t f v, f t ut th t w vwhy v. D w
th x, ut th w fw tht th t ud y. F f th th
ut, v w t t 70 t v d w v 90 t v f t f th
ut. Gy hd th wt t f v ( ut wth uty
uh u f t yz) wth 71.7 t wth S, U.K., F, Id, d Aut
hv v v th 80 t .
Rd th , th v tht vd th t v f EU ut w:
At C
EUf C
EUf Thd
EUNAVf Att
EUPOL Afht
Eh f th hd v hudd w ut th. Mt f th v f th
w vwhy v. A fw hd v tht d th 70 t v
, whh w d tht th v v f th w 93 t v. S
f th th , y th ut whh y fw w w, hd 100 t -
v v. Mt f th th hd 90 t v v . Th fu tht
ht tut th wth v th 70 t :
EUFOR Thd
EULEX Kv
EUNAFOR Att
EUPOL Afht
Th v f th w ty uh w th th th, y d tht th
v v w 93 t v. Nvth, th v w vwhy v.
Th u ud dt v v f th w dt tt. I ,
th wth th t v t th t v v. I th wd, w
d w, ut , d w w.
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I th d v du t dy th EU d f tutu tht t
t z t u ? NATO xt
t u th th EU d NATO hv h, 21 Eu ut -
f th z, d u thy hv th td , fx f Yuv d th H f Af.
Mt t NATO vd u th hudd th EU , wth th
x f th j ty tv Afht tht ud th thud th
dt, d hd u v x u. Th u wud dt tht th
t wth th EU, ut wth th thv.
COMPARATOR NATO
OPERATIONS LEXIS NEXIS
WORLD NEWS
CONNECTION
GOOGLE NEWS
ArchvISAF (Afht) 3,000+ 9,596 158,000
Essenal Harvest( M-
d) 1,536 96 722
Amber Fox 323 100 114
Allied Harmony 47 100 94
Allied Protector 207 94 74
Pt thqu f 994 193 1,140
Acve Endeavour(dt
d dt tt v-ty th Mdt) 170 91 513
KFOR NATO (Kv) 997 2,569 21,300
Unied ProtectorNATO (L-
y) 1,000 127 2,830
NTM-I (Iq) 202 10 198
Eagle Assist 53 0 31
O Shd (Py th
H f Af) 999 87 1,550
4. Why CSDP M ar Pr Vhc fr EU Pr
Itvw wth EU d ut th d. N w ud t th w
v. CSDP vh f EU u th vy tu f CSDP
hd v f , tu, d . I th wd, CSDP
y v, w v udt v . Th tt, tht t
th t d d, t th h f dt wh th ufu d th EU
wh th . Fy, th vy t dut f jut t v, v
wh t ufu.
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Th ft tht CSDP th dut f t, ut d wth y
v tht th vy tu f d ttt fuht wth d
th w wd ud jdz th tf. Ft, thy t
dt hd d d. Thf, th ud u th f th EU d. Mv, ud y t ud f th ftt h w . Th tt w
y t t f f thy t th dt f th t th th th EU
th t z, -vt z th tdy. I th wd,
EU ud d th . Suh th f y t : whth
th UN, th EU, NATO, th tut ut dt.
Ituy, th tu uht t th f EU tt, w d-d -
t w th y ut f th 27. Wth uty th tdd, t
u. Mv, t d t tht t hd: CSDP de facto-
f th w t v d d vut. T dfy ut, th d
th h; PR d ty. A ut, th tt tht t u th w-thd
t t th dt, t th x f th EU.
Ly, t xv d du f t d Eu jut t v th
thy , y d, th dd f d , qut t. Th th
uuy t vy v u th h utd fd f , t w t vy w dvd
th t , th. I dd, th Bu-d y t th u
t wth jut dut.
4.1 Secrecy + Low Prole = Poor Public Relaons Opportunies
Th f th EU Ah ft x f th d f y -
t th ud. P hd uv f dd, ut h ut wth Fh
Juh Cht ut th t t. Cht d h wf vd t t-
u h t t Suw, d Id, wth th f h th v 100
u. I d , h d Bh Id uty d d f- fdh.
I th t 1990, h ttd Ah, d, u wud hv t, t Fd Hu, Duty
Mt f S A. Hu w w f h th d, d
uqut 2003, Cht td h tht h hd tt wth th F Ah Mvt
(GAM), th Ah u Sth. I th du, f Fh Pdt M
Ah w t d dt. Wht Cht dd t w w tht Juuf
K, Id V Pdt, hd hd Hu wth th t t f w tt wth th
GAM dh Swd. Th Gvt f Id w t , ut wth t
f hu ht u d y f fd t, t dd t wt t t vtu u (M
2008 : 28-29). Th u w t y v.
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Th vty t tht th qud y. M h v ht f
f th GAM d th Gvt f Id (GI) td th w, Juy 2005, wh
t d t th Ktdt M Vt, Fd. Wh d why th t
t Fd, Ah wd, t w y tht th td f th . Hxd th tu utuy xuv: Bth d t d hd h t
th w t ty t v d d t (Auwd/L 2008: 23). Oy
Ah t th , d y t y tht th tw d w . Ah xd: Th
wy t tt f th t u th d th . But f w tt t u
v th d tht w hv ddd th tht f th th ty, d u w v
dut (M 2008: 22).
It w t th tht th EU w d t f y t. Th ft tht th
xd GAM d w tuzd Swdh z d th EU vvd. Yt, th
hd t u hd d d; thy ud t hv udd th u y. Thf, th ud
ud u th f th EU vvt th . Ay ty f EU w t.
K w w duv t ufu . Suh w th d th Cu
dut f 2008 tht dw th Ah x. Rz th v vt
d tht th dyt f uh t d/ t
xt, ut d d , t th t tht ty
y hv t d, t t th y t (Cu f th Eu U 2009). U CSDP
t t th EU ud vy w th u f th thv; th EU
t t t t uh dt f th . A Ah xd: Tht why I wy
th f th ft tht th t tw th. Ndy wt t dd
wd tht utd w dd t t f th . I d tht dy N (
td M 2008 : 141).
4.2 Instuonal Constraints: Member States Take the Glory
A CSDP y v y d, f f th th tht th EU
tt hv dt tt. Th Tty Eu U t ut vy d
du wth th h tdty f wth v t vt,
wh t th , t f t hd. A ut, f d uty y d-
htzd y d hd d d udd y
t u vt w uy d ut ud u u t h t y.
Th t wd . Itd, d d, th PSC t th wd f
t u th u fuy wuht f th d-d d y
vyd th d.
Eu Pt Pdt M Shuz utd th f v d v t uh -
y: Why d EU tu t hd d d []. Evyth tht h hd d
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d yu d v t f tt. H utd th y th
f tt th EU wh th w d t dt f v dv-
t (Mhy 2013). Chth My d v 1999 tht th EU u-
dt ud y tt t h t th EU (My 1999).
I h w Eu u dy, M Dv C ud tht tt t f
th w v f EU f y xu u -v u dy y ud th EU
t t f u (Dv C 2011). Why th th ? Wth d t CSDP ,
t u tt t th , d t th h f th t, tht th
dt wh ufu. Mt hv d uty, d tht d uty w
dt v t h u th vt d htd . I tt,
CSDP ut th w wth vy fw . Sty, th t CSDP ,
th u f , v tdy, h v xdd fu .
Iy, th w fud f . I 2003, fw th t th t CSDP , EUPM
B, th , G jut d th d f th hdqut d d t
wth th . Wh td th hd , th jut vutd d t th
t.10It wud th fu y u th w ud-vu f Cu .11Tdy, th
Cu tt hd u udt u th w d: th tt h
hd th w t, d th Cu dd t t y th C dt t
th Pt. Hwv, S zd tht d th t ty f u CSDP -
th ty f x th t th u. Nvth, t f
u th udt w . PRINCE (If P f EU Cz) fud
w f C jt; tt dy hd th w t. S t w -
d f d th , tt f fu .
S fud wy t ud u udt t h jt , d fud f t-
t d u. Wh tt f , tt wud vut
, uuy f tt f th. Th th wud hv vu wd f th h
th th , d wud hv t td y S t Bu12.
Wth fw fud, u w ty thuht. Th Cu t jut t
Ah. Nt y dd h hv t ut h t, ht, ht, t., h dt d u th
t d udt ud d, ut h vd, th w , d thf
qut. I th , th EU utd hd ut d ht, d th
Wd B t h .13
10 Itvw wth Ext A Sv , 6 Ot 2011, Bu, Bu.
11 Itvw wth EU III, 11 Ot 2011, Bu, Bu.
12 Itvw wth EU I, 3 Ot 2011, Bu, Bu.
13 Itvw wth Ext A Sv II, 7 Ot 2011, Bu, Bu
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Luy f th , th w tt th y xtd u th tu hd
uht y t t Id. Wh th vy d ud t, y ju-
t fud ut ut th t d wtd t v t t th .
Hwv, th v ud th vvd w. I y dv ut,
wh th jty f t , th t f. F x, f jut d
h qu v d v f th t hd f f t Id. T
qut d G Jt: [F] t vd tu d ut w ud
th v. Th y j t ut uty f Id d w w t d vyth t
u f tht (M 2008: 68). Aw utd w t f th vt, ut th v-
t hd h d tht y f d f jut hd dy td
th uty th t d t v th tu.
4.3 Logiscs: Locaon, Locaon, Locaon, and Timing
Th t f th CSDP hdd t d Eu d v. Vy
y, t dut f jut t t t th t t t. F x, f th -y
, O Att, th t f S, jut wud hv t y t Dju, vy
xv d u y, d, v f h h dd t t tuh wth th v
h th Guf f Ad, vy f d th tt ftutu, th ft tht th
h w t , th td vt th w y, th w tt v
t t th ty t Eu. Wth td udt d td , jut h t dt
th wh. Mv, h t ty hdqut (HQ) Nwd, Ed, th
HQ hd d t d d , y d tht th hdqut w u ud
f ud ty t. Hwv, Whth td d td thy t th .14
U EUFOR Thd th x, Fh F Mt Bd Kuh t h w
t d y jut, d d f th x. Par contre, S hd t
d th y t t ht t NDj d th d ht t t h t Fh,
Ah. EU uty w t th y f th Fh f ty. Luy, tht , th hd
f w t Ih wh udtd th t f th d, y
wth N-Gvt Oz (NGO), whh w f xt t th Chd .
S dd y t d jut dw d , ut, thuh d th , t d
u th u.
Th Cu tt hd t w tty t t ud th u. I 2007, thy ttd d
th w ud-vu t t ft f tv dt, wy u t -
d th w u Duth, Dh, t.-, d t th wdy u f
Eh Fh. Th w t vd v ft f th d t. Thy wud
14 Itvw wth EU I, 3 Ot 2011, Bu, Bu
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th u w d y Dd yu w th w Duth d th CSDP ?
M th w th y wy t t th w.15
Wth d t th d, , th t v f v . Ft,vy , th tf ud th fu f d. I th , th t
f. Ath u u: dd u th , th y t th EU
wh th t u t v tvw t fw th v. Th EU t t
d wth th t u , ut t t . I Ah, th Bu
w uy tht th UK y Jt t v , Id d
Fy B, wh ud t jut Bh Id. Th Bu-d v
ut ttt Eh.
T u. T qut Ady Wh, vy h h ut f f, tht , uty
h td wdw f tuty. I , t t f th t th;
tht, thy d w. Th hd f th Ah M. Th t h f d f
w hd f 15-17 St 2005 wh 243 w w tud y GAM d vd
y th Ah Mt M (AMM) (AMM 2005). A dd t, t w dy uy
wth v 100 tvw v ut d ht t.16Th, th w t w v, th ht
f hd v u w . Th dd G dt wt t th Jt y
th w, d th jut wt h.17
5. Ccu: Succfu M Rqur a Lw Pr
I f th EU d th A f Sutht A N (ASEAN) f th d-
yt f th AMM, Aty It wd f th f th Mdu f
Udtd (MU) 5.2 (d) t t th hu ht tu d vd t
th d (Aty It 2005). It xhtd th t t dut y v h.
I th d, tuth d tu w thd, d hu ht w uhd t th
u, ut h f th t. Shuz x tht th EU f fu th
hu ht t [] d t f th AMM t t t th v txt
f Id d , d t d (Shuz 2007: 1).
Ju Dv, Chf f St f th Mt M ut AMM u t th f
wh:
AMM was a peacekeeping operaon and the deployment of foreign monitors or missions is always
a sensive issue for a host country. Most of all, a successful peace process needs to be owned by the
15 EU I d III td th t.
16 Itvw wth Ad Shz, G F Mty, d, 5 Ju 2012.
17 Itvw wth EAS II , 7 Ot 2011, Bu, Bu.
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pares and the populaon concerned, not by foreign bodies. This concept of local ownership is a guiding
principle of ESDP and one of great importance to AMM (Davies 2010: 383).
Juh Cht, th wh td th t, v th t f dty tth . H uquty fudd NGO, PACTA, tht hhht th vu f vt d-
y: PACTA h d dty whv y, ty whv
(PACTA 2010).
Th th : vty t th tu; wh f th , d -
dty y t ufu t . A f th d fu th
d f th EU t x, w t vt, v t th t f ty,
d w , f ud t ud. I th wd, EU f- t dd wth
ufu t.
Th EU d u L Pdy u td, th dy, tht d
t th EU t t z, th t h t y tht f w uty d t
v, t, d f, ut whh d t tu d y t th wd ht-
d ju (Eu Cu 2001: 20). EU xd vd tuty f th EU t
ty; thy vd tuty f th z t wd u th hu
t f th ty w. M ju y th f f tt th
f , th , Eu v. I th wd, th EU ut th d
th d d u ttt. A D N d J C xd, th w d vy
fu d yh fu th ttu t fu (N/
C 1983, td B 1990: 177). Lut Bu, Cdt f F 2 th UK, td
t f htd y th Stt Stud Itut, tht th d tyy fu ythy d
u wthut uh d f th wh tuth ( td Jh II. 2005). By y
th d v w, .., d t vt d ty
f d vu v, f u vu th, th w t v f tht z u .
Thf, th vw w dfy wth wht h t th tut, y, dt t-
y d t y h hf. Ch juduy, th ht t vt ud
th EU d thf h t dty (B 1990: 48).
Wh fuy xd, h hud t ud tht ufu t u
ut t uh y. If th EU th d , wh, v vt, hud -
d th d? Md y f d tv, ut d d t uuy
t tdy. P th h th u f th th ht d.
Nvth, th Eu U y t t u t d w wthut v. Th
Eu txy y t y f uh f h h th d t th d
t d. Athuh Eu u ty ut CSDP , th dv th dt.
Pu ut f ESDP d ty d whth thy w t y f t. I 2004,
thuh 71 t f Eu wtd th EU t uw th U.S., 47 t f
th 71 t wthdw th ut f tht t ty d (G
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Mh Fud f th Utd Stt 2004). I th wd, th wt th f EU f, ut
t th t.
Th y t th t w. I t L T V, th Eu Df Aywd tht d u ut f y d dut: Gvt d
y d f t uty d h y v htt t u-
dt ty tv tv d u tv f wh
u f t hv (Eu Df Ay 2006).
Ud th ut, udtd why th EU d t tt hv d f hh
vty f CSDP , ut d. Dy y d th t f d wth
v d v wy. T th EU h t h ht d d, ut t w t v-
. I y , tuy, th EU w y z h w : th
tt wh th wt th dt.
Udtd th hd th fu, whth t qu f y, tht whth th EU
wud t x th y h du, whth t tutu, tht , t
th thv, vt t dd th EU f y . Th ud tht th
tutu: CSDP vh f EU u f , tu,
d . If th hty t fu th vty fu, th EU y wt t
th whth uh y vtu wthwh.
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Rfrc
Aceh Monitoring Mission (AMM)2005: Ft h f - d d td. P
R, 27 St 2005, : h://www.h-./dwd/h/D%20
Ph%20I.df, tvd Ot 1, 2013.
Agence Europe 2005: UE/Df: P xtd ty d, : Eu Dy
Bu, My 24, 2005.
Aguswandi/Large, Judith (d) 2008: Ru : Th Id-Ah , :
Ad: t vw f v 20, Ld: C Ru.
Amnesty Internaonal 2005: A f EU d ASEAN ut th dyt f
th Ah Mt M t N Ah Du Pv, ASA 21/017&2005, :
h://www.ty.//y/t/ASA21/017/2005//27164-d4f-11dd-823-
d58490d652/210172005.df, tvd Ot 1, 2013.
Anderson, Stephanie2008: C EU Suty Py: I Puut f Eu Idty, Bud, CO:
Ly R.
Assembly of the Western European Union 2006: Rtu Pu O d th Ath M
v Sjv t f u w f ESDP, P, A 4, 2006.
Assembly of the Western European Union 2006: Ath y f th ESDP u, WEU Ay
, P, Ju 20, 2006.
Bernstein, Richard2005: Eu S Eu, : Nw Y T, Ju 7, 2005.
Blockmans, Steven/Wouters, Jan/Ruys, Tom (d.) 2010: Th Eu U d Pud: Py
d L At, Th Hu: TMC A P.
Bloom, William1990: P Idty, N Idty, d It R, Nw Y:
Cd Uvty P.
Cohen, Joshua 2009: S Pt, M O f Nw Puh, : G Nw B, D2, 2009, : h://w.t.d/2009/12/-t---f-w.
ht, tvd Ot 1, 2013.
Council of the European Union 2003: Ct f EU Mt , : h://www.ux-v.
u/t/t/d/d/u/Ct_f_EU_Mt_.df, tvd
Ot 1, 2013.
Council of the European Union 2008: Rt th It f th Eu Suty Stty
Pvd Suty Ch Wd, S407/08, D 11, 2008, : h://www.u.
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Council of the European Union 2009: D Rvw f Rd f Eh C-
wth N-Gvt O (NGO) d Cv Sty O (CSO) thFw f EU Cv C Mt d Ct Pv, 10114/108, : h://
t.u.u.u/df//08/t10/t10114-01.08.df, tvd Ot 1, 2013.
Council of the European Union 2010: D Cu d th th z d fu
f th Eu Ext A Sv, 8029/10, Mh 25, 2010, : h://t.u.
u.u/df//10/t08/t08029.10.df, tvd Ot 1, 2013.
Davies, Jusn 2010: Th Ah Mt M: Su P d Dy, : B,
Stv/Wut, J/Ruy, T (d): Th Eu U d Pud: Py d L
At, Th Hu: TMC A P, 375-386.
Davis Cross, Maia K. 2011: EU Pu Dy: A Cht M? P dvd t th Au
M f th It Stud A, Mt, Cd.
De Vreese, Claes H./Boomgaarden, Hajo G. 2006: Md Et Pu O ut th
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European Council 2001: Pdy Cu Eu Cu M L, 14 d 25
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__.df, tvd Ot 1, 2013.
European Council 2012: Eu Cu 13/14 D 2012 Cu, : h://www.
u.u.u/ud/_dt/d/dt///134353.df, tvd Ot 1,
2013.
European Defence Agency 2006: A I L-T V f Eu Df Cty d
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Th Kg-Frchrgru - Ecuragg Acadc Exchag ad
Itv Rarch
Th K-Fhu (KFG) w fud u-
hd y th G Rh Fud 2008. It t-
f th KFG t vd y u vt
whh vv h t dt wth y du ddt wth u f d ju h.
Th K-Fhu Th Tfv Pw f Eu
tth h Eu th B-Bd-
u d tuz th wth th uv-
d h tu. It x th f th EU -
t d t f d, yz th h d t
f t d xt du th h :
Idty d th Pu Sh
C, Cdty d Byd
Cv R d Eu Ext R