MITIGATE HEAT EXCHANGER BIO-FOULING WITH IODINE

VAPOR INFUSION.THE RESULTS OF A TWO YEAR

NAVY STUDY

I2 Air Fluid Innovation, Inc

19th International Congress of Marine Corrosion and Fouling

Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida

June 29, 2018

Michael Radicone

• Cooling water back pressure• Reduced heat transfer• Surface corrosion• Fuel and electric increase• Increased CHG generation• Excessive maintenance including back flushing• Chemical and replacement costs• RCRA regulated waste

BIO-FOULING AND MARINE HEAT EXCHANGERS

HEAT EXCHANGERS ARE NECESSARY TO COOL FLUIDS SUCH AS AIR, ENGINE

COOLANT, LUBRICANTS AND WATER AND USE SEAWATER AS THE HEAT

TRANSFER AGENT.

EFFECT OF CONDENSER DEPOSIT THICKNESS (IN INCHES) OF SCALE ON HEAT TRANSFER EFFICIENCY

DEPOSIT(INCHES) FOULING FACTOR* % EFF. LOSS INCREASED KWH GHG (CO2) OUTFALL**

.01 (.25 MM) .0008 9 282,714 202.9 METRIC TONS

.03 .0025 27 848,071 608.9 METRIC TONS

.05 .0042 45 1413,500 1014.8 METRIC TONS

* COOLING TOWER INSTITUTE CTI PAPER NO. TP239A, FACILITIES ENGINEERING JOURNAL

MARCH 2009

**EPA EMISSIONS FACTOR OF 7.18 X 10-4 METRIC TONS CO2 / KWH

THIS DOES NOT REFLECT THE COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH BIO-SLIME (WITH A THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF .6).

WHAT IS I2 VAPOR INFUSION?A PATENTED PROCESS THAT SAFELY GENERATES ONLY ELEMENTAL IODINE VAPOR IN SCRUBBING TRANSITORY BUBBLES

THESE BUBBLES HAVE AN IODINE VAPOR CORE AND AQUEOUS ELEMENTAL IODINE SURFACE THAT PROVIDE;

• MICROBIAL INACTIVATION THROUGH VAPOR AND SURFACE CONTACT

• SCALE DISRUPTION THROUGH AIR SPARGING

• PREVENTION OF SEDIMENTARY ACTION AND INVERSE SOLUBILITY

• NO SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN DISSOLVED OXYGEN

Vapor generation Bubble perfusion Microbial interaction

PRESENTING ELEMENTAL IODINE IN FOUR WAYS

Aqueous bubble surface

contactVaporous contact

Fluid residual

Nano bubbles

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THE BUBBLE PROVIDES A TARGETED VEHICLE THAT IS SEGREGATED FROM THE FLUID

VOLUME MAKING IT LESS AFFECTED BY ORGANIC MATTER, TURBIDITY, AND

TEMPERATURE THUS FORMING LESS DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS.

Raw Wastewater Untreated I2 Bubbling LOG Change Average Change

A 6.72 3.71 -3.02

B 6.11 2.26 -3.85 -3.62

C 6.25 2.26 -3.99

Direct fluid infusion, 90 second, wastewater, Pullman, WA wastewater treatment plant

WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY TESTING PROVES I2 VAPOR INFUSION IS AN EFFECTIVE BIOCIDE AGAINST PATHOGENIC MICROBES

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Inoculated distilled water infused for 90 seconds.

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Biofilms grown on glass tubes – 90 sec infusion – scraped films and cultured

THE PAUL ALLEN SCHOOL I2 VAPOR INFUSION EFFECTIVELY PENETRATES BIO-FILMS

SEAWATER FOULING, PROOF OF CONCEPT. NELHA, KONA, HAWAII

Seawater flow tubes 45 days without infusion Seawater flow tubes 45 days with infusion

US NAVY TEST SHIP EX. PAUL FOSTER, VENTURA, CALIFORNIA

COMPARATIVE SHELL/TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS. ONE INFUSED, THE OTHER NOT- USING A 50/50 DUTY USE CYCLE

TYPICAL TREATMENT: BACK FLUSHING AS REQUIRED, ACID WASH EVERY 3 MONTHS

PROJECT INVESTIGATION: COMPARATIVE LENGTH OF TIME BETWEEN CLEANINGS OF INFUSED AND NON INFUSED EXCHANGERS

TOTAL IODINE CONTENT IN HX EFFLUENT UNDER 200 PPB

METAL ION ELUTION

CHANGE IN EFFLUENT WATER PROFILE

SUCCESS CRITERIA: INCREASED TIME BETWEEN CLEANINGS BY 50% OR 4.5 MONTHS,

UNDER 200 PPB IODINE*

LOW METAL ION INDICATION IN HX EFFLUENT

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11

Tem

pera

ture

in d

egre

es

F; Pre

ssure

in p

si

Infused HX system pressure and temperature

Typical time to acid clean

No change in temp and pressures after acid clean

Infused exchanger was used

85% of the time

Results

300%

Infused

Non infused

System secured

Desired goal 50%

CuUg/l

PbUg/l

NiUg/l

TiUg/l

ZnUg/l

I2 Total DO Ug/l

pH

Infused .04 <.05 <.05 .05 <.05 95 ppb

7.22 7.88

Non-

Infused

.05 <.05 <.05 .05 <.06 60 ppb

7.52 7.97

Infusion duration is only minutes per hour.Configured to infuse based on regulations.Only 9 grams of iodine per system per month was used.A fleet of 10 ships with 3 devices each would use only 24 pounds of iodine a year.

Infused HX effluent from test ship

There was a total rise in all iodine compounds during infusion of only 35 ppb.

10,800 gm or 24 lb./yr1 X 10 X 3 X 30 X 12 =

NESDI TOXICITY STUDY, PEARL HARBOR, HI

13“Iodine represents significantly less toxicity”…Fq Labs, Hawaii.

TROPICAL COLLECTOR URCHIN FERTILIZATION TEST METHOD

developed by Amy Wagner, U.S. EPA

CHLORINE VS. IODINE (AQUEOUS)

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Chlorine Iodine

LOEC* (lowest observable effect concentration)

TROPICAL COLLECTOR URCHIN FERTILIZATION TEST METHOD

.005 .014

NOEC* (no observable effect concentration)

TROPICAL COLLECTOR URCHIN FERTILIZATION TEST METHOD

.002 .01

Gamete effect post LOEC* 100% inactivation-0% viable Declining -60% viable

EPA Seawater Discharge Limit 7.5 to 13 ppb No discharge limit

Persistence/

Natural Organic Matter*

Initial .336 ppm

after 4 hours- .085 ppm

76% depletion

Initial 1.2 ppm

after 72 hours-.89 ppm

26% depletion

Active species at 7.5 pH 48% 92%

Oxidation potential -1.36 -0.5

* Toxicity study, Pearl Harbor

CRUISE SHIP PLATE ENGINE COOLER

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The only bio-fouling after 6 months

No bio-fouling after 6 months

SIMPLE INTEGRATION, SIMPLE OPERATION

© Copyright 2014 HTRI. All rights reserved

• Nano bubble clouds

• Seawater piping

• Undersea structures

• Mineral and sedimentary fouling

• Shipboard sewage treatment

• Additional vapor treatments

mradicone@yahoo.com