MITIGATE HEAT EXCHANGER BIO-FOULING WITH IODINE
VAPOR INFUSION.THE RESULTS OF A TWO YEAR
NAVY STUDY
I2 Air Fluid Innovation, Inc
19th International Congress of Marine Corrosion and Fouling
Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida
June 29, 2018
Michael Radicone
• Cooling water back pressure• Reduced heat transfer• Surface corrosion• Fuel and electric increase• Increased CHG generation• Excessive maintenance including back flushing• Chemical and replacement costs• RCRA regulated waste
BIO-FOULING AND MARINE HEAT EXCHANGERS
HEAT EXCHANGERS ARE NECESSARY TO COOL FLUIDS SUCH AS AIR, ENGINE
COOLANT, LUBRICANTS AND WATER AND USE SEAWATER AS THE HEAT
TRANSFER AGENT.
EFFECT OF CONDENSER DEPOSIT THICKNESS (IN INCHES) OF SCALE ON HEAT TRANSFER EFFICIENCY
DEPOSIT(INCHES) FOULING FACTOR* % EFF. LOSS INCREASED KWH GHG (CO2) OUTFALL**
.01 (.25 MM) .0008 9 282,714 202.9 METRIC TONS
.03 .0025 27 848,071 608.9 METRIC TONS
.05 .0042 45 1413,500 1014.8 METRIC TONS
* COOLING TOWER INSTITUTE CTI PAPER NO. TP239A, FACILITIES ENGINEERING JOURNAL
MARCH 2009
**EPA EMISSIONS FACTOR OF 7.18 X 10-4 METRIC TONS CO2 / KWH
THIS DOES NOT REFLECT THE COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH BIO-SLIME (WITH A THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF .6).
WHAT IS I2 VAPOR INFUSION?A PATENTED PROCESS THAT SAFELY GENERATES ONLY ELEMENTAL IODINE VAPOR IN SCRUBBING TRANSITORY BUBBLES
THESE BUBBLES HAVE AN IODINE VAPOR CORE AND AQUEOUS ELEMENTAL IODINE SURFACE THAT PROVIDE;
• MICROBIAL INACTIVATION THROUGH VAPOR AND SURFACE CONTACT
• SCALE DISRUPTION THROUGH AIR SPARGING
• PREVENTION OF SEDIMENTARY ACTION AND INVERSE SOLUBILITY
• NO SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN DISSOLVED OXYGEN
Vapor generation Bubble perfusion Microbial interaction
PRESENTING ELEMENTAL IODINE IN FOUR WAYS
Aqueous bubble surface
contactVaporous contact
Fluid residual
Nano bubbles
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THE BUBBLE PROVIDES A TARGETED VEHICLE THAT IS SEGREGATED FROM THE FLUID
VOLUME MAKING IT LESS AFFECTED BY ORGANIC MATTER, TURBIDITY, AND
TEMPERATURE THUS FORMING LESS DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS.
Raw Wastewater Untreated I2 Bubbling LOG Change Average Change
A 6.72 3.71 -3.02
B 6.11 2.26 -3.85 -3.62
C 6.25 2.26 -3.99
Direct fluid infusion, 90 second, wastewater, Pullman, WA wastewater treatment plant
WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY TESTING PROVES I2 VAPOR INFUSION IS AN EFFECTIVE BIOCIDE AGAINST PATHOGENIC MICROBES
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Inoculated distilled water infused for 90 seconds.
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Biofilms grown on glass tubes – 90 sec infusion – scraped films and cultured
THE PAUL ALLEN SCHOOL I2 VAPOR INFUSION EFFECTIVELY PENETRATES BIO-FILMS
SEAWATER FOULING, PROOF OF CONCEPT. NELHA, KONA, HAWAII
Seawater flow tubes 45 days without infusion Seawater flow tubes 45 days with infusion
US NAVY TEST SHIP EX. PAUL FOSTER, VENTURA, CALIFORNIA
COMPARATIVE SHELL/TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS. ONE INFUSED, THE OTHER NOT- USING A 50/50 DUTY USE CYCLE
TYPICAL TREATMENT: BACK FLUSHING AS REQUIRED, ACID WASH EVERY 3 MONTHS
PROJECT INVESTIGATION: COMPARATIVE LENGTH OF TIME BETWEEN CLEANINGS OF INFUSED AND NON INFUSED EXCHANGERS
TOTAL IODINE CONTENT IN HX EFFLUENT UNDER 200 PPB
METAL ION ELUTION
CHANGE IN EFFLUENT WATER PROFILE
SUCCESS CRITERIA: INCREASED TIME BETWEEN CLEANINGS BY 50% OR 4.5 MONTHS,
UNDER 200 PPB IODINE*
LOW METAL ION INDICATION IN HX EFFLUENT
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Tem
pera
ture
in d
egre
es
F; Pre
ssure
in p
si
Infused HX system pressure and temperature
Typical time to acid clean
No change in temp and pressures after acid clean
Infused exchanger was used
85% of the time
Results
300%
Infused
Non infused
System secured
Desired goal 50%
CuUg/l
PbUg/l
NiUg/l
TiUg/l
ZnUg/l
I2 Total DO Ug/l
pH
Infused .04 <.05 <.05 .05 <.05 95 ppb
7.22 7.88
Non-
Infused
.05 <.05 <.05 .05 <.06 60 ppb
7.52 7.97
Infusion duration is only minutes per hour.Configured to infuse based on regulations.Only 9 grams of iodine per system per month was used.A fleet of 10 ships with 3 devices each would use only 24 pounds of iodine a year.
Infused HX effluent from test ship
There was a total rise in all iodine compounds during infusion of only 35 ppb.
10,800 gm or 24 lb./yr1 X 10 X 3 X 30 X 12 =
NESDI TOXICITY STUDY, PEARL HARBOR, HI
13“Iodine represents significantly less toxicity”…Fq Labs, Hawaii.
TROPICAL COLLECTOR URCHIN FERTILIZATION TEST METHOD
developed by Amy Wagner, U.S. EPA
CHLORINE VS. IODINE (AQUEOUS)
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Chlorine Iodine
LOEC* (lowest observable effect concentration)
TROPICAL COLLECTOR URCHIN FERTILIZATION TEST METHOD
.005 .014
NOEC* (no observable effect concentration)
TROPICAL COLLECTOR URCHIN FERTILIZATION TEST METHOD
.002 .01
Gamete effect post LOEC* 100% inactivation-0% viable Declining -60% viable
EPA Seawater Discharge Limit 7.5 to 13 ppb No discharge limit
Persistence/
Natural Organic Matter*
Initial .336 ppm
after 4 hours- .085 ppm
76% depletion
Initial 1.2 ppm
after 72 hours-.89 ppm
26% depletion
Active species at 7.5 pH 48% 92%
Oxidation potential -1.36 -0.5
* Toxicity study, Pearl Harbor
CRUISE SHIP PLATE ENGINE COOLER
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The only bio-fouling after 6 months
No bio-fouling after 6 months
SIMPLE INTEGRATION, SIMPLE OPERATION
© Copyright 2014 HTRI. All rights reserved
• Nano bubble clouds
• Seawater piping
• Undersea structures
• Mineral and sedimentary fouling
• Shipboard sewage treatment
• Additional vapor treatments
