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Name_________________________________________________________Unit4:Cellcommunication
1. DescribethewaysCellscancommunicatewithoneanotherA. Identifythetypeofcommunicationineachdiagramasdirectcontact,shortdistance,orlong
distanceANDJUSTIFYyouranswerforeach
B. ExplainWhycellcommunicationisimportant
2. Explainhoecellscommunicationwithone anotherA. Identifytheligandinthefollowingdiagram
B. Explainthepurposeoftheligand
C. Describehowaligandcanactivateacell
3. DescribehowdifferenttypesofligandsinteractwithacellforcommunicationA. Describethestructuralpropertiesofasteroidhormone
B. IDENTIFYthelocationofthereceptorthatasteroidhormonewillbindwithandEXPLAINwhyitmustbindtothereceptorinthatlocation
C. Describethestructuralpropertiesofaproteinligand
D. IDENTIFYthelocationofthereceptorthataproteinhormonewillbindwithandEXPLAINwhyitmustbindtothereceptorinthatlocation
E. IDENTIFYthetypeofligandthatisinthediagramandEXPLAINwhyyouchosethattypeofligand
Name_______________________________________________________ Unit4:LigandsandSignalTransductionReview
1. LigandscanallowthemovementofIons
A. Describehowligandsallowforthemovementofionsthroughaligandgatedionchannel
B. Explaintheimportanceofligandsongatedionchannels
2. Ligandscanactivatethecellwhichleadtoasignaltransduction.Signaltransductionpathwayslinksignalreceptionwithcellularresponses.A. statethedifferencebetweenatargetcellandnon-targetcellandexplainwhyyouwouldnot
wanteverycellinthebodytocontaineverytypeofreceptor
B. Definesignaltransductionpathwayandexplaintheimportance
C. Identifyandexplainthethreestagesinthesignaltransductionpathway
Stages1.2.3.
Explainstages:
1.
2.
3. 3.Cellscommunicatebygenerating,transmitting,receiving,andrespondingtochemicalsignals.Describetheroleofcomponentsofasignaltransductionpathwayinproducingacellularresponse.A
seriesofstepsareneededtocompletethesignaltransductionpathwayandelicitaresponse.ExplainwhatisoccurringateachstepbyansweringeachquestionStep1:LigandbindingtothereceptorproteinA. CircleandIdentifytheLigandinthesignaltransductionpathwaydiagrambelow
B. DESCRIBEwhathappenstothereceptorproteinwhentheligandbindsandEXPLAINits
importance
Step2:ActivationoftheenzymeadenylylCyclase
C. Describetheprocessthatactivatesadenylylcyclase
D. ExplainwhatadenylylcyclaseisresponsibleforoncetheenzymeisactivatedStep3:PhosphorylationCascadeE. CircleandlabelthesecondarymessengerinthediagramonthepreviouspageandDESCRIBEthe
overallroleofcAMPonthesignaltransductionpathway
F. ExplainhowcAMPactivatesaphosphorylationcascade
G. Describewhathappensduringaphosphorylationcascade
H. Explaintheimportanceofaphosphorylationcascade
Step4:Response
I. Identifythetypesofresponsesthatcanoccurasaresultofsignaltransduction
J. Identifythetypeofresponseinthediagramsbelow
4. Thesignalisoftenamplifiedinthecell.A. DESCRIBEwhatamplificationisANDEXPLAINitsimportance
B. CircletheamplificationareaInthediagramtotheright
5. Chemicalsthatinterferewithanycomponentofthesignalingpathwaymayactivateorinhibitthe
pathway.A. Explainhowchemicalscaninterferewiththesignalingpathway
B. PREDICTthetypeofmedication(whatphysicalpropertieswouldbepresent)thatcouldinhibitcyclicAMPandturnoffasignalingpathwayANDJUSTIFYyourprediction
6. ChangesinsignaltransductionpathwayscanaltercellularresponseA. Describeamutationthatcouldoccurtoareceptorprotein
B. Explainwhatwouldoccuriftherewasamutationinthereceptorprotein
Name_______________________________________________________________Unit4:FeedbackandCellCycle1. Timingandcoordinationofbiologicalmechanismsinvolvedingrowth,reproduction,andhomeostasis
dependonorganismsrespondingtoenvironmentalcues.A. Eachphysiologicalconditioninthebodyhasasetpoint.Explainwhatasetpointisandgive
examplesconditionsinthebodythathaveasetpoint
B. IdentifythetypesoffeedbackmechanismsthatoccurinorganismsandExplainwhyorganismsusefeedbackmechanisms
2. Negativefeedbackworkstomaintainhomeostasisintheorganism/cell
C. Describewhatisoccurringintheorganism/celltorequireanegativefeedbackmechanism
D. Explainhowthenegativefeedbackprocessworkstomaintainhomeostasisintheorganismwhenthereisachangetothesetpoint
E. Forthefollowingnegativefeedbackexamplebelow:IdentifyONEchangethatisoccurringtothesetpointandEXPLAINhownegativefeedbackworkstoreturnthesystembacktoitstargetsetpoint
F. Forthenegativefeedbackexampleanswerthefollowing:- Describeamutationthatcouldoccur
- Predicttheimpactthemutationwouldhaveonthenegativefeedbackloop
- Justifyyourprediction
3. Feedbackinhibitioncanregulateenzymecatalyzedpathways
A. DescribethefeedbackthatisoccurringinthediagrambelowandEXPLAINitsimportance
B. Identifythestructurethatisactingastheallostericregulatorintheabovefeedback
4. Explainhowpositivefeedbackaffectshomeostasis.A. Explainwhatapositivefeedbackmechanismsdototheresponsesandprocessinorganisms
B. Describeapositivefeedbackresponseasaresultofachangeinthesetpoint.
C. Explainthepositivefeedbackthatisoccurringinthediagrambelowandstatetheendresultofthispositivefeedback
5. Ineukaryotes,cellsdivideandtransmitgeneticinformationviatwohighlyregulatedprocesses.A. IdentifythephasesofthecellcycleandGiveabriefdescriptionofeachphase
B. DescribewhatisoccurringduringtheG1,SandG2phasesofinterphase- G1
- S
- G2
C. DrawabargraphtoshowtheamountofDNAthatwouldbefoundinthedifferentstagesofthecellcycleiftheinitialamountofDNAwas4
AmountofDNAperphase NumberofChromosomesperphase
D. Drawabargraphtoshowthenumberofchromosomesthatwouldbefoundinthedifferentstagesofthecellcycleiftheinitialnumberofchromosomeswas4
E. Identifythestageacellenterswhenitisnolongerdividing
6. ExplainhowmitosisresultsinthetransmissionofchromosomesfromonegenerationtothenextA. IdentifythevariousrolesofMitosisinthebody
B. Identifythefollowingstructuresinthediagrambelow:sisterchromatid,centromere,spindlefibers,kinetochore,chromosome
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Initialcell
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Daughtercells
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Initialcell
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Daughtercells
C. Describewhatis occurringineachofthestagesofmitosis
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
D. Explaintheimportanceofcytokinesis
E. Foreachpicturebelow,Identifythestagethecellisin(theyarenotinorder):interphase,prophase,metaphase,anaphase,telophase/cytokinesis
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F. Foracellthathasundergonemitosis,Describehownewlyformeddaughtercellscomparetotheoriginalcell
Name_____________________________________________________________________ Unit4:cellRegulation1. Describetheroleofcheckpointsinregulatingthecellcycle.Anumberofinternalcontrolsor
checkpointsregulateprogressionthroughthecycle.A. Labelthe3checkpointsthatexistinthecellcycleandEXPLAINtheoverallimportanceof
checkpointsinthecellcycle
A. DescribetheRoleofcyclinincellregulation
B. DescribetheroleCdK(cyclindependentkinase)inthecellcycle
C. IdentifythecomponentsofMPFANDDESCRIBEtheroleofMPF(maturationpromotingfactor)
D. Explaintheimportanceofeachcheckpointinthecellcycle- G1-
- G2–
- M–2. Interactionsbetweencyclinsandcyclin-dependentkinasescontrolthecellcycle.
A. DescribewhathappenstotheconcentrationofCyclinduringthecellcycleandExplainwhythechangeinconcentrationhappens
B. DescribetheimpactthechangeinCyclinhasontheconcentrationofMPF
C. DescribewhathappenstotheconcentrationofMPFasthecellprogressesthroughthecellcycleANDEXPLAINwhytheconcentrationofMPFischanges
D. ExplainhowtheconcentrationofMPFisusedateachcheckpointtodetermineifthecellwillcontinuepastthecheckpointornotadvance
E. Graphtheconcentrationofcyclin,andMPFduringthecellcycle(interphaseandmitosis)andexplainwhatishappeningtotheconcentrationsofeach
F. Explainwhytheconcentrationdecreasesasthecellprogressesthroughmitosis
G. ExplainwhathappenstothecellifthecelldoesintopastheG1checkpoint
3. Disruptionstothecellcyclemayresultincancerand/orprogrammedcelldeath(apoptosis).
A. Describetheroleofthep53proteinon
thecellcycle
B. Explaintheimportanceofthep53protein
C. DescribetheoutcometothecellwhenapoptosisoccursANDEXPLAINwhythisprocessisnecessary
D. Predictwhatwouldhappentothecellcycleiftherewasamutationinthep53geneANDJUSTIFY
E. DescribewhathappenstothelengthofthecellcycleinacancerouscellANDEXPLAINwhythischangehappens.
F. PredictwhatwouldhappentothecellgoingthroughthecellcycleifamedicationinhibitstheformationofcyclinANDJUSTIFYyourprediction