NANOPATCHES FOR VACCINA-TION

BS223 Introduction to Biotechnology Presentation: New era of vaccine

Group 6: Soojin Lee and Azady Pirhanov

Outline of presentation

Current Status major barriers and problems Suggested New solutions Rationale and Reasoning Reference QnA

Main vaccine delivery routes Oral Injection ( intramuscular) Puncture ( e.g for smallpox vaccina-

tion) Transdermal ( transcutaneous ) Intranasal

Transcutaneous vaccination

Pros: -Relatively more APC ( Antigen Presenting Cell) -SaferCons:-Presence of SC layer prevents antigen diffusion

-

How to overcome skin bar-rier Tape stripping Jet injections Ultrasound Electroporation Thermo-ablation Nanopatches Chemical methods

What is nanopatch ?

Consists of micron sized

needle located on sup-porting

base

Advantages of Nanopatch Vaccine

Pain Needle phobia

Advantages of Nanopatch vac-cines (cont)

No cold chain !!! No special trainingis required

Types of nanopatch

Solid microneedles: can be used as a skin pret-reatment

Microneedles can be coated with antigens

Microneedles can be made com-pletely out of

water soluble and biodegradable polymers encapsulates the antigen Hollow microneedles can be used for

infusion of liquid formulations into the skin

Types of nanopatches

Hollow microneedles

Desired amount of antigen can be in-fused

Efficient delivery of antigens to APCs: flow rate can be manipulated

Hollow microneedle draw-backs Risk of clogging Impaired microneedle strength Increased risk of leakage Flow resistance due to dense dermal

tissue

Proposed solutions

Insertion of needle using drilling or vibrating motion

Retraction Adding hyaluronidase to the infusion

solution Innovative design to locate the bore

opening at the side of the MN tip

What is new ???

• Combine two methods: coated and hollow

microneedles• Coat hollow microneedle with

hyaluronidase and fill with antigen

Hyaluronidase15 grams of Hyaluronan found in healthy individual(75kg)Commonly used in cosmetic surgery correctionBreak down of extra cellular matrix in the subcutaneous level such that antigen Collagen and other structural components are not affected.

Principle

In addition to the commercially avail-able hollow MNs coat thesurface of MN with hyaluronidase

Priniciple (cont)

After applying nanopatch to the skin wait for a

while: Enzyme will de-

grade hyaluranon in ECM

Principle (cont)

Delivery of antigens can be achieved by:1) Passive diffusion 2) Active pumping

Comments on new design

Does it solve clogging problem ?- We can’t say 100% but, it going to allow

more relaxed environment to the MNs Don’t we need cold chain for fluid in MNs?- Yes we need cold chain, however solidified antigens can also be stored in hollow nanopatch Is it safe to use Hyaluronidase ?- Yes, there are FDA approved hyaluronidases.

Future perspectives

-Other enzyme might be used to coat the MN

- New novel designs ( e.g Hydrogel nanopatch)

-Airplane vaccination- Café marketing strategy

Thank YOU.

Q?nA!