12nd November, Saturday, 330pm – 530pm, SDE4 Executive Seminar Room 1 & 2 @ School of Design & Environment

Educational Services & Learning Innovation (ESLI)

conducted by

Loh Mee LanMagdeline Ng (Dr.)

facilitated by

Patrick PuKho Su Yian

Navigating Through

in Everyday Life

D

I

S

C

L

A

I

M

E

R

Fact checking

sites

Social media

platforms

Product endorsement

The Select Committee

on Deliberate Online Falsehoods

2

• About fake news and why it exists

• To use a framework for evaluating information from different sources

• To reflect on the way we evaluate information – Snippets of daily life

Learning Outcomes

3

4

WHO is susceptible to Fake News?

Let’s explore

WHY do we fall for ‘fake news’

5

Get ready for a quick game

(Individual exercise)

6ALSET NUS copyright

7

•Clustering effect

•Featured-Positive effect

•Hindsight bias

•Forer effect

Confirmation BiasALSET NUS copyright

Learning points

8

Confirmation Bias

ALSET NUS copyright

Let’s explore

HOW do we evaluate the news?

9

Evaluation of Sources

HOW TO EVALUATE THE SOURCES YOU FIND?

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C R A A PCurrency Relevancy Authoritative Accuracy Purpose

Old or New? How current is the information?

Are their references current?

Is currency important for your topic?

Do you need current information,

older sources or both?

CCurrency

When was the information

published or posted?

Newspapers – very up to date

but not necessarily established

information

Journal articles – relatively

current and contain reliable

information

Books – typically contain older

but more established

information

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Does the coverage and depth of

content relate to my topic and needs?

Who is the intended audience? –

Children? Researchers? Consumers?

Does it help you answer a question or

solve a problem?

Does it provide evidence for or support

your ideas?

Is it at an appropriate level for your

needs?

Have you looked at a variety of other

sources before determining you will use

this one?

RRelevancy

12

Who is the source of the

information?

Who is the author, publisher, source

or sponsor of the information?

Are the authors’ and/or publishers’

affiliations clear?

What is their reason for publishing

the material?

For websites, does the domain of

the URL tell you anything about the

author or source (.gov, .edu, .com,

.org)

AAuthoritative

13

Is the information true and accurate?

Where does the information come

from?

Is the information supported by

evidence?

Can that evidence be verified if

necessary?

Has the information been reviewed

or refereed?

AAccuracy

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VACCINATION

Why does the information exist?

What is the purpose of the website?

(To inform? To teach? To sell? To

entertain? To persuade?)

Is the information factual or opinion?

Is the information biased?

Are the biases clearly stated?

Is the website sponsored or influenced

by advertising revenue?

PPurpose

16

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Not necessary to have all the components checked to derive the best choice

Build the habit - Critical thinking process

Awareness and Understanding of evaluation

The art of questioning

Introduce skepticism

Disclaimer

PRACTICAL TIPS

Cross check using:

https://www.snopes.com

http://www.hoax-slayer.net

http://www.truthOrFiction.com

https://www.gov.sg/factually

https://www.thatsnonsense.com

https://www.politifact.com

Go UPSTREAM to the source

STOP… PAUSE…

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https://www.thebaghdadpost.com/en/Story/11684/Video-Skies-rain-fish-in-Thailand

IN YOUR TEAMS:

• Discuss how you would

evaluate this news

(framework)

• Questions you will ask?

• What is your decision?

• FACT or FICTION?

Explain your answer

• Leave the site to search for reliable information

• Fact checking sites:https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/it39s-raining-fish/

• Locate external sources, then go back and verify these claims

• Examine the photos

•Check your emotions (sensational – click bait)

•Process and Habit! Keep going at it…

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Fake News - Actions

Activity Time

20#disinformation

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LEARNING POINTS

• Leave the site to search for reliable information

•Detect the true agenda of the organization• Fact checking sites• P – E – A (Process, Expertise, Aim)• https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/americas-pediatricians-gender-kids

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Facts Checking Sites

List of fact-checking websites (Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fact-checking_websites

Factcheck.org https://www.factcheck.org/

Factually (https://www.gov.sg) https://www.gov.sg/factually

Hoax-slayer https://www.hoax-slayer.com/

LinkedIn.com https://www.linkedin.com/

Politifact https://www.politifact.com/

The Reporters’ Lab https://reporterslab.org/

Straits Times Fake News Debunked https://www.straitstimes.com/tags/fake-news-debunked

Snopes.com https://www.snopes.com/

Caution: Do not only rely on these fact checking sites. Go beyond one source and think deeper.

HOW to choose your news?

23#disinformation

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Brown, D. (2014, June 5). HOW TO CHOOSE YOUR NEWSRetrieved from https://youtu.be/q-Y-z6HmRgI

Video

Snippets in Our Daily Life

25#disinformation

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Activity (in teams)

• Create a fake tweet!

Share your fake tweet in padlet:

http://bit.ly/fn2nov2019

https://faketweeter.com/

Can you trust what you see?

How do we check?

28https://www.kiplinger.com/article/spending/T065-C011-S001-why-i-bought-my-prescription-glasses-at-costco.html

• Let us investigate: Is this picture altered?

http://www.freakingnews.com/Whale-Eats-Penguins-For-Lunch-Pictures-134796.asp

• Using ELA to do analysis (more information):

http://fotoforensics.com/tutorial-ela.php

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FotoForensics

http://fotoforensics.com/analysis.php?id=462e3d4375e051d579812b5e0473edc362e283de.90303

http://bit.ly/whalepenguin

• Similar edgesshould have similar brightness in the ELA result.

• Similar texturesshould have similar coloringunder ELA.

• Forensicallyhttps://29a.ch/photo-forensics/#forensic-magnifier

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Analysis using FotoForensics

Search by image to see where that image appears online

https://www.tineye.com/

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TinEye

• Habit: critical thinking process

• Awareness and Understanding of biases

• Checklist: Evaluation Framework• Process – Expertise – Aim (PEA)

• CRAAP

• Know how to Question: The art of asking questions

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Practical Tips to combat Fake News

HACK

Question

Search for answers

Question (Framework)

Evaluate

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HAVE A MINUTE? HELP US IMPROVEj.mp/RU_feedback

Thank You For Your Feedback by Got Credit is licensed under CC by 2.0

Session Details:

2 Nov 2019 330pm-530pmNavigating Through Fake News