PRESENTED BY-

SONIYA BARCHE

GUIDED BY-

Dr. ARVIND SHUKLA

INTRODUCTION NEURON CELL HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMPHERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMAUTONOMOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM

FUNCTION OF NERVOUS SYSTEM CONCLUSION REFERENCES

INTRODUCTIONTHE SYSTEM WHICH RECEIVES THE STIMULUS,

TRANSMITS IT TO THE OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY& THE CORRESPONDING EFFECTS ARE SHOWN, ARE CALLED NERVOUS SYSTEM.IT CONSTITUTES ABOUT 2.4% OF TOTAL BODY WEIGHT.IT LINKS THE VARIOUS ORGANS & SYSTEM,CO-ORDINATES ALL THEIR ACTIVITIES & ENSURES THE INTEGRITY OF THE ORGANISM.THE BRANCH OF BIOLOGY ,DEALS WITH THE STUDY OF NERVOUS SYSTEM CALLED NEUROLOGY.

NEURON CELLSTRUCTURAL & FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF N.S.,HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM HAS ABOUT 100 BILLION NEURONS.FULLY FORMED NEURON NEVER DIVIDE.NEURON IS COMPOSED OF MAINLY CYTON & PROCESS OF NEURON.THE REGION WHERE THE AXON OF ONE NEURON JOINS WITH THE DENDRITES OF ANOTHER NEURON IS CALLED AS SYNAPSE. DEPENDING UPON THE NO. OF PROCESSES THE NEURONS ARE UNIPOLAR,BIPOLAR,MULTIPOLAR.

NEURON CELL

NERVOUS SYSTEM

CENTRAL N.S.PERIPHARAL

N.S.AUTONOMIC

N.S.

SYMPA-THETIC

N.S.

PARASYM-PATHETIC

N.S.

CRANIAL NERVES

SPINALNERVES

BRAINSPINAL CORD

BRAIN-IT IS UPPER & BROADER PART LYING IN THE HEAD.IN ADULTS,IT WEIGHTS ABOUT 1400gm &HAS 100BILLION NEURON.THE BRAIN IS COVERED BY THREE MEMBRANOUS COVERING (OUTER DURA MATER,MIDDLE ARACHNOID,INNER PEA MATER) CALLED MENINGES. THE BRAIN FORMS ABOUT 98% OF THE WEIGHT OF WHOLE C.N.S.IT IS MADE UP OF FOLLOWING 3 PARTS-

FORE BRAIN- CEREBRUM,DIENCEPHELON,OLFACTORY LOBE

MID BRAIN - CEREBRAL PEDUCLE,CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA

HINDBRAIN - CEREBELLUM,PONS,MEDULLA OBLONGATA

SPINAL CORDLIKE BRAIN,SPINAL CORD IS ALSO SURROUNDED BY MENINGES THE SPACE BETWEEN THESE MEMBRANE IS FILLED WITH CEREBROSPINAL FLUIDTHE LENGTH OF SPINAL CORD IN HUMAN MALES IS 45 CM AND IN FEMALE 43 CMTHE SPINAL CORD IS CONSIST OF CENTRAL CANAL SURROUNDED BY A CENTRAL CORE OF GARY MATTER.

Peripheral nervous system is formed of nerves extending between the central nervous system & receptor or effectors organs, having 2 types of nerves-

Cranial nerves – 12 pairs, originating from brain& terminate at various effectors organ.

spinal nerves –there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves which arise from the spinal cord.

AUTONOMOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM

IT IS A SELF GOVERNING NERVOUS SYSTEM. IT HAS BOTH SENSORY & MOTOR NERVES.IT DISTINGUISHED INTO 2 SYSTEM-

SYMPAHTATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

FUNCTIONIT REGULATES &CONTROLES THE VARIOUS ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGAN & FINALLY THE ORGANISM AS A WHOLE.FOR EX:SENSE OF VISION ,HEARING,MUSCULAR CONTRACTION ,HEART BEAT.IT REGULATES THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE BODY BY COORDINATING THE WORKING OF THE VARIOUS GLANDS & TISSUES OF BODY.HELPS THE ORGANISM TO REACT TO THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES.STORES THE MEMORY OF THE PAST & PRESENT EXPERIENCES.PRODUCE SENSATION LIKE VISION,HEARING,TASTE,SMELLPLASURE & PAIN WITH HELP OF SENSE ORGANS ATTACHED TO THEM.

CONCLUSION IN A COMPLEX ORGANISM THE NERVOUS SYSTEN PLAYS THE LEADING ROLE IN REGULATING ALL THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES & IN AFFECTING THE CONNECTIONS OF THE ORGANISM WITH THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT.IT ALSO LINKS THE VARIOUS ORGAN & SYSTEM, COORDINATES ALL THEIR ACTIVITIES & ENSURES THE INTEGRITY OF THE ORGANISM.THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS COMPOSED OF NERVOUS & THE GLIAL CELL.THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS CONSIST OF THREE PARTS:-C.N.S.,P.N.S.,A.N.S..

REFERENCES

GUYTON,A.C. & HALL,J.E.,2000 A TEXT BOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY

GANONG,H. 2003,REVIEW OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY