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PRESENTED BY-
SONIYA BARCHE
GUIDED BY-
Dr. ARVIND SHUKLA
INTRODUCTION NEURON CELL HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMPHERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMAUTONOMOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM
FUNCTION OF NERVOUS SYSTEM CONCLUSION REFERENCES
INTRODUCTIONTHE SYSTEM WHICH RECEIVES THE STIMULUS,
TRANSMITS IT TO THE OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY& THE CORRESPONDING EFFECTS ARE SHOWN, ARE CALLED NERVOUS SYSTEM.IT CONSTITUTES ABOUT 2.4% OF TOTAL BODY WEIGHT.IT LINKS THE VARIOUS ORGANS & SYSTEM,CO-ORDINATES ALL THEIR ACTIVITIES & ENSURES THE INTEGRITY OF THE ORGANISM.THE BRANCH OF BIOLOGY ,DEALS WITH THE STUDY OF NERVOUS SYSTEM CALLED NEUROLOGY.
NEURON CELLSTRUCTURAL & FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF N.S.,HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM HAS ABOUT 100 BILLION NEURONS.FULLY FORMED NEURON NEVER DIVIDE.NEURON IS COMPOSED OF MAINLY CYTON & PROCESS OF NEURON.THE REGION WHERE THE AXON OF ONE NEURON JOINS WITH THE DENDRITES OF ANOTHER NEURON IS CALLED AS SYNAPSE. DEPENDING UPON THE NO. OF PROCESSES THE NEURONS ARE UNIPOLAR,BIPOLAR,MULTIPOLAR.
NEURON CELL
NERVOUS SYSTEM
CENTRAL N.S.PERIPHARAL
N.S.AUTONOMIC
N.S.
SYMPA-THETIC
N.S.
PARASYM-PATHETIC
N.S.
CRANIAL NERVES
SPINALNERVES
BRAINSPINAL CORD
BRAIN-IT IS UPPER & BROADER PART LYING IN THE HEAD.IN ADULTS,IT WEIGHTS ABOUT 1400gm &HAS 100BILLION NEURON.THE BRAIN IS COVERED BY THREE MEMBRANOUS COVERING (OUTER DURA MATER,MIDDLE ARACHNOID,INNER PEA MATER) CALLED MENINGES. THE BRAIN FORMS ABOUT 98% OF THE WEIGHT OF WHOLE C.N.S.IT IS MADE UP OF FOLLOWING 3 PARTS-
FORE BRAIN- CEREBRUM,DIENCEPHELON,OLFACTORY LOBE
MID BRAIN - CEREBRAL PEDUCLE,CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA
HINDBRAIN - CEREBELLUM,PONS,MEDULLA OBLONGATA
SPINAL CORDLIKE BRAIN,SPINAL CORD IS ALSO SURROUNDED BY MENINGES THE SPACE BETWEEN THESE MEMBRANE IS FILLED WITH CEREBROSPINAL FLUIDTHE LENGTH OF SPINAL CORD IN HUMAN MALES IS 45 CM AND IN FEMALE 43 CMTHE SPINAL CORD IS CONSIST OF CENTRAL CANAL SURROUNDED BY A CENTRAL CORE OF GARY MATTER.
Peripheral nervous system is formed of nerves extending between the central nervous system & receptor or effectors organs, having 2 types of nerves-
Cranial nerves – 12 pairs, originating from brain& terminate at various effectors organ.
spinal nerves –there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves which arise from the spinal cord.
AUTONOMOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM
IT IS A SELF GOVERNING NERVOUS SYSTEM. IT HAS BOTH SENSORY & MOTOR NERVES.IT DISTINGUISHED INTO 2 SYSTEM-
SYMPAHTATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
FUNCTIONIT REGULATES &CONTROLES THE VARIOUS ACTIVITIES OF THE ORGAN & FINALLY THE ORGANISM AS A WHOLE.FOR EX:SENSE OF VISION ,HEARING,MUSCULAR CONTRACTION ,HEART BEAT.IT REGULATES THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE BODY BY COORDINATING THE WORKING OF THE VARIOUS GLANDS & TISSUES OF BODY.HELPS THE ORGANISM TO REACT TO THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES.STORES THE MEMORY OF THE PAST & PRESENT EXPERIENCES.PRODUCE SENSATION LIKE VISION,HEARING,TASTE,SMELLPLASURE & PAIN WITH HELP OF SENSE ORGANS ATTACHED TO THEM.
CONCLUSION IN A COMPLEX ORGANISM THE NERVOUS SYSTEN PLAYS THE LEADING ROLE IN REGULATING ALL THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES & IN AFFECTING THE CONNECTIONS OF THE ORGANISM WITH THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT.IT ALSO LINKS THE VARIOUS ORGAN & SYSTEM, COORDINATES ALL THEIR ACTIVITIES & ENSURES THE INTEGRITY OF THE ORGANISM.THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS COMPOSED OF NERVOUS & THE GLIAL CELL.THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS CONSIST OF THREE PARTS:-C.N.S.,P.N.S.,A.N.S..
REFERENCES
GUYTON,A.C. & HALL,J.E.,2000 A TEXT BOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY
GANONG,H. 2003,REVIEW OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY