NURADIBAH MD DOM1301-1208-2156

subspecialty of radiology focusing on the diagnosis and characterization of abnormalities of the central and peripheral nervous system, spine, and head and neck.

Neuroimaging falls into two broad categories: Structural imaging: deals with the structure of

the brain and the diagnosis of gross intracranial disease (such as tumor) and injury.

Functional imaging: used to diagnose metabolic diseases and lesions on a finer scale (such as Alzheimer's disease) and for neurological and cognitive psychology.

Plain Film CT Scan (Computed tomography) MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Angiography Sonography / USG / Color Doppler Nuclear Imaging

Standard view AP view Towne's view (neck flexed forward) Lateral views Basal view

CT scanning of the head is typically used to detect: bleeding, brain injury and skull fractures a stroke, brain tumors aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations enlarged brain cavities in patients with

hydrocephalus diseases/malformations of the skull bone and soft tissue damage for planning

surgical reconstruction inflammation or other changes are present in

the paranasal sinuses

Adequate study : identity, correct slice thickness, contrast or not

Bone : fractures, soft tissues swelling, lacerations, sinuses

Ventricles : size, shape, symmetry, blood Cistern : abnormality Parenchyme : midline shift, symmetry,

blood, edema, ischemic, tumor

The presence of the third ventricle in the midline: suggests that there is an abnormality?

The basal cisterns is the fluid filled space around the back of the midbrain: Blood clots, or swelling of the brain may cause this to become narrowed, or not visible altogether

In this scan, that the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles are symmetrical, with the septum between them in the midline

to visualize the internal structure and function of the body: soft tissues, brain, spinal cord, joints and the abdomen

provides much greater contrast between the different soft tissues of the body than CT scan does

can also be used to visualize the blood vessels in isolation (Magnetic resonance angiography or MRA).

Show primary visual cortex

used to visualize the inside, or lumen, of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins and the heart chambers.

This is traditionally done by injecting a radio-opaque contrast agent into the blood vessel and imaging using X-ray.

MRA 3D

an ultrasound-based diagnostic imaging technique used to visualize subcutaneous body structures including tendons, muscles, joints, vessels and internal organs for possible pathology or lesions.

In neurology: for assessing blood flow and stenoses in the carotid arteries and the big intracerebral arteries

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is a test that measures the velocity of blood flow through the brain's blood vessels. Used to help in the diagnosis of emboli, stenosis, vasospasm from a subarachnoid hemorrhage (bleeding from a ruptured aneurysm), and other problems, this relatively quick and inexpensive test is growing in popularity in the United States.

Doppler image shows circle of Willis. A = anterior cerebral artery, M = middle cerebral artery, P = posterior cerebral artery, RI = resistive

index, TAMx = time-averaged mean-maximum.