New UV sources and their possible applications Oliver Lawal , Matthias Boeker Aquionics Inc. Unesco IHE – UV disinfection in developing countries 6th November, 2014

Chemical-resistant-pathogen barrier

No Disinfection By-products

Chemical Free

Oxidation properties

Cost

30 Years of UV technology drivers

Chemical-resistant-pathogen barrier

No Disinfection By-products

Chemical Free

Oxidation properties

Cost

Wavelength compromise

Architecture constraints

Mercury content

Start time

Cost

Conventional UV Limitations

Alternative solutions?

Solutions

Filtration

UV-C LED

DPD

SODIS

Mechanically Robust

Small Footprint – flex. Architecture

“Tunable” wavelength

Mercury Free

Instant On-Off

Chemical-resistant-pathogen barrier

No By-products

Chemical Free

Oxidation properties

Cost

Cost

UV-C LED’s Provide Additive Drivers

UV LEDs in a nut shell ~ 40,000 LEDs per wafer

SMD package Electrical & Thermal

Interface

Advantages over conventional Hg lamps: Targeted performance

Source: EPA UV Disinfection Guidance Manual 2006

Peak of DNA absorbance is actually 263nm! 254nm is standard because of Mercury peak emittance

Advantages over conventional Hg lamps: Robustness & low power

No risk of damaging or breaking the LED lamps

Low power: it can be powered by a phone charger!

Advantages over conventional Hg lamps: Instant On/Off: Point-of-Use applications

Due to warm-up time, this is not possible with conventional UV lamps!

Advantages over conventional Hg lamps: Environmental impact

No special handling required No safe disposal required No need to change lamp every year No Mercury

UV-C LED vs. LP Mercury

Collimated beam results using UV-C LEDs show equivalence with LP lamp

Will it work ?

Can I replace Hg lamps with UV-C LEDs in a conventional UV reactor and expect that it will work ?

Design complexity and current limitations of UV-C LEDs

A complete set of new challenges compared to traditional UV Mercury lamps

UV LEDs limited power & efficiency

UV LEDs thermal management

New Reactor Design UV LEDs complexity of manufacturing (cost)

Courtesy of Hexatech

Application Areas Relative to Power and Wavelength

Analytical Instrumentation

Water Treatment Air/Surface Treatment

UV-C UV-B UV-A

10µW

/cm

²

10m

W/c

m² La

mp

Pow

er

Wavelength

UV-C UV-B UV-A

10µW

/cm

²

10m

W/c

m² La

mp

Pow

er

Wavelength

Analytical Instrumentation

Water Treatment

Applications Applied Commercial Products

PearlAero PearlAqua

PearlSense

Air/Surface Treatment .

25,000 GPD to 1.5 MGD 1.5 MGD to 20 MGD Parameter Influence / Effect Typical Range UV Transmittance

(UV-T)

Measure of UV absorption

Effects system sizing requirements

Drinking water > 80 %

Wastewater 50 – 70 %

UV Transmittance

Technical Specifications Light Source UV-LED (254nm)

Pathlength 10mm

Range 10-100%

Accuracy +/- 1.0%

Repeatability +/- 0.1%

Resolution 0.1%

Measuring Interval 60 seconds

Power Supply 24 VDC

Output 4 – 20 mA

Temperature Range 32 – 122 F (0 – 50 C)

Weight 1.39 lbs (630 g)

Dimensions 7.55” Height x 2.56” Diameter

(19.1 cm x 6.5 cm)

PearlAqua & future capabilities

Produces UV Dose of 60 mJ/cm² at 0.5 gpm with only 50 mW of optical power4

• Point-of-Use applications include: – ultrapure water generators – process water loops – medical sterilization equipment

Potential applications of UV LEDs

Domestic water applications

Solar powered clean water solutions for remote areas

Courtesy of SolarSpring

Top 3 Learnings

1. UV LEDs offers multiple advantages No mercury, Instant On, Robust, Flexible Architecture, Selectable Wavelength, Power Options

2. Technology requires different challenges to overcome Optics, Fluid Dynamics, Die quality, Packaging, Thermals, Electronics & Sensing

…to achieve acceptable capital & operating costs

3. Products and applications are doable today

Questions?

Matthias Boeker Sales Manager, EMEA matthias.boeker@aquionics.com Mobile: +49 174 7777900 Office: +49 611 44575375

Appendix

Advantages over conventional Hg lamps: Summary

Attribute Conventional Mercury Lamp UV-C LED Implications

Mercury Content 20 — 200 mg None Safe disposal No special handling

Warm up Time 2 — 15 minutes Instantaneous Intermittent-flow friendly

Operating Surface Temp Polychromatic ~ 600°C Monochromatic ~100°C Same as process water Zero-flow friendly

Not fouling promoting

Architecture Cylindrical tube Point source Versatile implementation

Wavelength Polychromatic (200-300nm) Monochromatic (254nm)

Monochromatic “Selectable” (250—300nm) Targeted performance

Voltage Current 110 — 240V AC 0.5 — 2.0 Amps

6 — 30V DC 0.02 Amps

Battery/solar realistic option

Replacement Interval 1 — 2 Years 6 Months — 5 Years Application dependent