Objective measurementsof light trespass and surfaces

Marc GilletProf. Rombouts (Univ. Brussels)

with collabor. Univ. Berlin (prof. Kaase)

Main ConclusionsMain Conclusions

1. Precise Algorithm and measurement system to calculate upward flux

2. Reduction of SKY GLOW is FIRST

A QUESTION OF PERFORMANCEA QUESTION OF PERFORMANCE

i.e REDUCE the installed lumen package for the same “lighting levels”

Main Conclusions (II)Main Conclusions (II)

Therefore :

---> interest for dimminginterest for dimming to reach “J.N” flux

---> interest for an “in situ” interest for an “in situ” roadpavement measurement roadpavement measurement systemsystem (to minimize installed flux)

SummarySummary

1. Introduction2. Algorithm3. Measurements4. Calculations

1. Introduction1. Introduction

• Many authors work with reflection• Assumptions for ”” • Wide variation

= 0.07 = 0.10 = 0.18

2. Algorithm (I)2. Algorithm (I)

= r / i

• L p = q (, ) . E p

r =(, nature of road).E.dS

= (i.dS).E i

Algorithm (II) / case of a roadAlgorithm (II) / case of a road

ROAD

Surround

3. Measurements (I)3. Measurements (I)

X

P

750

P´’

BaffleDetector

Sample

Measurements (II)Measurements (II)

Porous Asphalt

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 20 40 60 80Gamma Angles

Ref

lect

ance

Asphalt 1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 20 40 60 80

Gamma Angles

Ref

lect

ance

Measurements (III)Measurements (III)

Concrete

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 20 40 60 80Gamma Angles

Ref

lect

ance

Concrete

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 20 40 60 80Gamma Angles

Ref

lect

ance

Measurements (IV)Measurements (IV)

Reflectance

0

5

10

15

0 20 40 60 80

Gamma

refl

(%) Asphalt

Porous asph.

Concrete

Measurements (V)Measurements (V) Highly VARIABLE

• Increases with

• Lower for Asphalt than Concrete

• Flatter in the case of Concrete

4. Conditions of Calculations4. Conditions of Calculations

• Road Width = 7m• Overhang = -1m• Single sided arrangement• H=10m• Spacing optimized to obtain

->L=0.75cd/m²->U0 >40%->Ul > 60% ->TI < 15%

4. Conditions of Calculations (II)4. Conditions of Calculations (II)

• Dimming to obtain the “J.N”• various Light Distributions• Optimization on

• Asphalt• Porous Asphalt• Concrete

Calculation of t = d + r

4. Calculations (IV)4. Calculations (IV)103368

16469 8195 7555 9193 9152

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

bo

wl

po

or

refl

ecto

r

flat

gla

ss

curv

edg

lass

d.b

ow

l

refr

acto

r

bowl

poor reflector

flat glass

curved glass

d.bowl

refractor

TOTAL UPWARD FLUX

(Asphalt)

789

276192 171 205 136

0

100200

300400

500600

700800

bo

wl

po

or

refl

ecto

r

flat

gla

ss

cu

rved

gla

ss

d.b

ow

l

refr

acto

r

bowl

poor reflector

flat glass

curved glass

d.bowl

refractor

INSTALLED

LAMP KLM/KM

4. Calculations (V)4. Calculations (V)

16469

81957555

9193 9152

02000400060008000

10000120001400016000

po

or

refl

ecto

r

flat

gla

ss

curv

edg

lass

d.b

ow

l

refr

acto

r

poor reflector

flat glass

curved glass

d.bowl

refractor

TOTAL UPWARD FLUX

(Asphalt)

4. Calculations (VI)4. Calculations (VI)

02000400060008000

1000012000140001600018000

poor

refle

ctor

flat

glas

s

curv

edgl

ass

d.bo

wl

refr

acto

r

reflect. Flux

direct flux

REPARTITION OF FLUXES

4. Calculations (VII)4. Calculations (VII)

ave = reflect./(E.S)

with reflect from calculation tooland E from “lighting design soft.”

4. Calculations (VIII)4. Calculations (VIII)Asphalt 1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 20 40 60 80

Gamma Angles

Ref

lect

ance

Ref. and C.g

= 7.4%

= 50°

Flat glass

= 7.2%

= 46°

4. Calculations (IX)4. Calculations (IX)

9729 957510654

13742

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

flat glas curved glass plexi refractor

TOTAL UPWARD FLUX (Porous Asphalt)

4. Calculations (X)4. Calculations (X)TOTAL UPWARD FLUX (Concrete)

12604 1257613621

15888

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

flat glas curved glass plexi refractor

6. Near Future 6. Near Future

• Refine analysis for surroundings

• CELMA guidance notes soon