Open Access MonographsE-Books and E-Content, 12 May 2009

Eelco FerwerdaAmsterdam University Press

Open Access MonographsAmsterdam University Press

Traditional Monograph publishingPrinting on DemandE-booksGoogle Book SearchE-books usageOpen monographsExample from AUP

OAPEN project

• Founded in 1992 by the University of Amsterdam

• Not for profit

• Worldwide dissemination of Scholarship

• 25 people, mostly books (160 yearly)

• > 50% English

• Mostly Humanities & Social Sciences

Traditional Monographs

Sales have been declining steadily since the 70’s– Greco & Wharton: library purchases

• 70’s: 1500• Now: 200-300

– Thompson: print runs & sales• 70’s: 2000-3000 (print runs)

• Now: 50% < 500 – majority < 750 (sales)

Amsterdam University Press

Average print runs last 5 years:

»600

Percentage of books in PoD:

»50%

Printing on Demand

Alleviates economic pressures:• no up front costs for print run• no stocks• no shipment costs• no returns

PoD enables more books to be published• reaching intended audiences?

E-Books

E-books haven’t made much of a difference:• No significant increase in availability in

(Western) libraries• E-book sales represent only a small percentage

of Academic publishers turnover• ‘Print dollars to digital pennies’ (NetLibrary)

Google settlement could well result in massive amount of new E-books and develop new markets

Google Book Search

Google Book Search has made a difference:• Millions of books have moved on to the

internet• Books can be easily found and searched• Users expect books to be online• Therefore books need to be online• Thousands of Publishers have joined the

Google Book Search Programme

AUP and Google Book Search

5 years of Google Book Search:» 800 books in Partner Programme» 80-90% of books viewed weekly

Average Best

week 5 years

Book Visits 33 1.500 10.000

Pages Viewed 325 11.000 70.000

Buy the Book Clicks <1 20 200

E-Books Usage

Not for reading:• Google Book Search:

– Book Visit: < 10 pages viewed

• NetLibrary: – Average time in E-book: < 8 minutes

• JISC E-book observatory:– Average session length: 13 minutes, 8 pages

E-Books Usage

There is a clear demand for E-books, but:

– E-books are used for browsing & reference, not for linear and longer reading

Implications:

– E-books and print books can coexist

– Print sales may not be harmed by E-books

– JISC finding: ‘no impact’ on print sales

Open Monographs

Why not provide Open Access?Effective knowledge dissemination:

• Optimizing retrieval• Extending reach• Direct access• Answering user needs• Promoting sales?

OpenBook Publishers

Open Monographs: examples

OA publishing at AUP

IMISCOE publication series

• International Migration, Integration and Social COhesion

in Europe

• EU-funded ‘Network of Excellence’

• 22 Research Institutes in 10 European countries

• Publication series with Amsterdam University Press

Publication Model

• Traditional Print Runs– Research, Textbooks

• Printing on Demand– Dissertations, Reports

• Online Library / Repository– All publications, including earlier publications

IMISCOE titles   Sales

Title year total

Paths of Integration 2006 485

Migration and Citizenship 2006 416

The Dynamics of International Migration and Settlement in Europe 2006 583

The Immigrant Organising Process 2006 49

Globalisation, Migration and Socio-Economic Change in Contemporary Greece 2006 19

Narratives of Place, Culture and Identity 2006 32

Acquisition and Loss of Nationality|Volume 1: Comparative Analyses 2006 277

Acquisition and Loss of Nationality|Volume 2: Country Analyses 2006 262

Citizenship Policies in the New Europe 2007 292

Navigating Borders 2007 137

Acquisition and Loss of Nationality|Volumes 1 + 2 2006 105

Dynamic Entrepreneurship 2006 50

Innovative Concepts for Alternative Migration Policies 2007 204

Secularism or Democracy? 2007 383

Paradoxes of Social Capital 2008 14

Migrants and Markets 2008 62

The Family in Question 2008 157

International Migration in Europe 2008 114

Practising Citizenship and Heterogeneous Nationhood 2008 25

Modes of Migration Regulation and Control in Europe 2008 17

IMISCOEseries

Google Book Search

Title Sale VisitPagesviewed

Buyclicks

Paths of Integration 485 1301 8125 13

Migration and Citizenship 416 900 5231 23

The Dynamics of International Migration and Settlement in Europe 583 1190 8977 33

Sales versus Visits

OAPEN Open Access Publishing in European Networks

• Developing an OA publication model for peer reviewed academic books in Humanities and Social Sciences

• Creating a large, freely available collection of current books in European languages in various fields of HSS

• Duration: 30 months• Start: September 1, 2008• Consortium: 7 University Presses and 2 Universities• Coordinator: Amsterdam University Press, the Netherlands

Actions undertaken under the eContentplus Programme (2005-2008)to make digital content in Europe more accessible, usable and

exploitable

Key objectives

• To improve the accessibility, impact and relevance of European research in Humanities and Social Sciences through the promotion of OA for primary publications

• To create and aggregate freely available peer reviewed HSS publications from across borders within an Online Library

• To engage stakeholders in the publication process• To develop common funding models• To adopt common standards and metadata to improve

retrievability and visibility of HSS publications

Main Goal

OAPEN will create an Open Access publication network for publishers and other stakeholders involved in academic

publishing within research in Humanities and Social Sciences.

The Consortium

• Six countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy and the Netherlands)

• Seven university presses as content providers• Two universities, as technology and research partner• Aimed at Academic publishers in Humanities and

Social Sciences • Building a network around OA publishing for

stakeholders within the academic community

The Network

• Association of American University Presses - AAUP 

• Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition - SPARC Europe

• IMISCOE - International Migration Integration Social Cohesion

• Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Universitätsverlage

• Purdue University Press

• Atlantis Press• Institute of Economic Analysis &

Prospective Studies at Al Akhawayn university

• Igitur, Utrecht Publishing & Archiving Services

• National Hellenic Research Foundation

• Open Book Publishers• Universitat de Valencia

• Université Libre de Bruxelles• Editions de l’Université de Bruxelles• Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie

der Wissenschaften• Polimetrica• Ledizioni - Ledipublishing• Forlaeggerforeningen - Danish

Publishers Association• Open Humanities Press• Academia Press • Unipub - Oslo Academic Press• Akademie Verlag• Brill• IOS press• KITLV Press

Various tasks

Dissemination & Awareness

Focused Studies

Open Access Publication Model

Publication Services

Online Library

Focused Studies

• Study on User NeedsIdentify specific needs in HSS publishing. Overview of attitudes and needs of stakeholders, survey among specific target audiences including a synthesis of existing studies on the subject. Study based on interviews with representatives of users in different countries and disciplines, meeting with ESG

• Study on OA Models for booksBasic inventory of initiatives and attitudes towards OA book publishing. Desk research, interviews with stakeholders and experts, meeting with ESG

Open Access Publication Model

• Publishing Model: To develop a basic reference model for OA books

• Processes & Workflows: To analyze the main processes of publishing and description of workflow systems

• Business & Costs Models: To create a business model (including basic calculation) for e-publishing services

• Legal Models & IPR Issues: To analyze legal aspects of e-publishing and work towards a basic reference model

Basic OA model

• Hybrid: Online and Print– Basic online edition is free– Printed edition is sold

• Author retains copyright

• Long term availability Online– Based on repository infrastructure

• Publisher seeks fee for publication of OA online edition

OA Funding Model

• OA publication fee for digital edition:– Fee for direct costs (‘first copy costs’): review,

editing, formatting, platform costs

• Revenues from sales printed edition (or e-books for e-readers?) cover: – Indirect costs: selection/acquisition, overhead – Direct costs of printed edition, including design,

royalties, marketing, distribution

OA Funding Model

• The need for an OA funding mechanism is being recognised

• March 2009 report from Research Information Network / UK Universities:

‘Paying for Open Access Publication Charges’

Guidelines for Higher Education and Research Institutions, Publishers and Authors

Some Key Recommendations

• Higher Education Institutes should:Establish dedicated budgets to which researchers can apply for funds to meet the costs of publication fees

• Funders should:Clarify how they will provide support for researchers in meeting their open access policies in general, and the payment of publication fees in particular

Green and gold OA

green gold

• Out of print X

• Backlist X

• Frontlist ?

New publications:

• PoD or small print runs (<400) X

• Larger print runs (>500) X

OAPEN: key features

• Collaborative effort (consortium, network)

• Engaging stakeholders

• Supported by EU

• Aiming for gold OA

• Aggregating books in OA library

Website: www.oapen.org