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Ophthalmic
Disordersma.princesalban
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Populatio
n(Millions)
(A)Blind (B)Low
Vision
(A+B)
VisuallyImpaired
6,737.50
39.365 246.024 285.389
New estimates of visualimpairment and blindness: 2010
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Blindness in the Philippines
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Executive Summary of the Second NationalSurvey of Blindness, Philippines, 1995
Among the 85 million people of the Philippines, anestimated half a million people are blind, and many morewho are visually impaired to a lesser degree.
The leading cause of blindness among adults in thePhilippines is cataract, accounting for around 400,000cases
Up to one hundred children lose their sight every week inthe Philippines. Almost half of these cases are eithertreatable or preventable.
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Executive Summary of the Second NationalSurvey of Blindness, Philippines, 1995
Cataract, glaucoma and uncorrected aphakia were themost common causes of blindness found during thissecond national survey
Prevention of Blindness Program of the Department ofHealth was launched, the biggest component of which isthe cataract backlog eradication program.( Cataract
Backlog Project which is Oplan Sagip Mata)
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Common Eye Disorders
Presbyopia
Cataracts
Glaucoma Diabetic Retinopathy
Macular Degeneration
Retinal Detachment
Eye infection, inflammation or injury
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Diagnostic Procedures
Snellens Chart
Ishihara plate
Retinoscopy
Cover- uncover test
Tonometry
Gonioscopy
Perimetry
Bjerrum TangentScreen
Opthalmoscopy
Slit LampBiomicroscopy
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Treatments
I. Drug Therapy
Local anesthetics
Parasympathomimetic drugs (miotics)-Pilocarpine Hcl 0.5-10%
-Carbachol 1.5-3%
-Acetylcholine Cl 1%
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Treatments
I. Drug Therapy
Parasympatholytic Drugs (mydriatics)
-Neo- Synephrine 2.5/10%
-Atropine SO4 0.5,/1,/4%
-Scopolamine Hydrobromide 0.25%
-Cyclopentolate HCl (Cyclogyl) 1%, 2%
-Tropicamide (Mydriacyl) 0.5%, 1%
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TreatmentsI. Drug Therapy
Antimicrobials-Gentamycin 0.3%
-Neosporin
-Chloroptic eye drop
Steroids
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Diamox)
Beta Blockers (Timolol Maleate)
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Treatments
II. Surgery
Cataract removal (ICCE and ECCE)
Iridectomy Laser surgery
Scleral buckling
Trabeculectomy
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Assessment
HistoryCurrent health status, previous health status,family health status, lifestyle patterns
Physical examination
inspect conjunctiva, assess the pupils,
muscle eye functions and intraocularstructures
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Assessment
Monitor for S/S of: Frequent headache
Frequent eyestrain
Blurred vision
Poor judgement of depth
Tendency to close or favor one eye
Diplopia
Poor eye-hand coordination
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Nursing Diagnoses
Disturbed sensory perception (visual)
Risk for injury
Risk for infection
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Nursing Interventions
Allow patient express his feelings
Assist the client in adapting environment tomaintain safety
-increase amt of light in a room
-remove hazards
-provide phone large numbers or auto dials
Assist the client with adaptation to reduced vision-magnifying lens or large prints
-talking devices
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Nursing Interventions
Health promotion to prevent eye and visionproblems
-wear sunglasses
-protect eye form airborne risk-wash hands before and after touching eyes
-dont smoke
-limit alcohol intake
-control BP , Cholesterol and Blood glucose-antioxidant rich foods
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Nursing Interventions
Administer medications as prescribed
Initiate referrals as appropriate (socialservices, support groups, low vision resources)
Encourage adults 40 or older to have annualexamination including a measurement ofintraocular pressure
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General Care for Eye Surgeries
Preoperative care
Orient patient if both eyes are to be coveredpost-op
Practice covering the eyes for a child
Place call light within reach
Instillation of drug combinations to DILATEthe pupil
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General Care for Eye Surgeries
Postoperative care general goal
To Prevent:
IOPSuture line stress
Hemorrhage
Infection
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Expected Outcomes
Patient performs self-care activities safelyand within limits
Patient uses adaptive and assistive devices
Patient develops no infectionpostoperatively
Patient states that he understands
postoperative care and the symptoms ofinfection
VISION 2020 PHILIPPINES THE RIGHT TO SIGHT
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VISION 2020 PHILIPPINES: THE RIGHT TO SIGHT
VISION 2020 : THE RIGHT TOSIGHT
A global initiative for the elimination ofavoidable blindness,
launched in 1999 By World Health Organization (WHO) and
the International Agency for the Prevention
of Blindness (IAPB) with an internationalmembership of NGOs, professionalassociations, eye care institutions andcorporations.