Ottawa charter and Jakarta declaration

By: Dr.Kavita yadav 1st yr MPH Moderator:Dr N C

ASHOK HOD of Community

Medicine JSS Medical College &

Hospital

Plan of presentation

Health Alma–Ata declarationHealth promotionOttawa charter5 Key action areaJakarta declarationReferences

Health

Ability to lead a socially and economically productive life.

Operational: - A condition or quality of the human organism expressing the adequate functioning of the organism in given conditions , genetic or environmental.

Health for all

World health assembly ,May 1977Attainment by all the people of world by 2000AD

of a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life

Alma –Ata declaration

1978 USSRConcept of primary health care.Based on principles of social equity , nation

wide coverage, self reliance, intersectoral co-ordination and people’s involvement in planning and implementation of health programmes in pursuit of common health goals.

Definition

Primary health care: essential health care based on practical scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in community through their full participation and at a cost that community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self determination.

Elements of primary health care

Education concerning prevailing health problems and methods of preventing and controlling them.

Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition.Adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation.Maternal and child health care , including family

planningImmunization against major infectious disease.Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases.Appropriate treatment of common disease and

injuries.Provision of essential drugs.

Health promotion

"Health promotion is the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health.  (American Journal of Health Promotion, 1989,3,3,5)

Term by: Henry E. Sigerist

Ottawa charter

The first International Conference on Health Promotion, meeting in Ottawa this 21st day of November 1986.

New definition of health promotion

Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. To reach a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, an individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment.

Basic strategies

Advocacy:- Good health is a major resource for social, economic and personal development and an important dimension of quality of life.

Political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, behavioural and biological factors can all favour health or be harmful to it.

Enable

Enable :Health promotion focuses on achieving equity in health.

Includes a secure foundation in a supportive environment, access to information, life skills and opportunities for making healthy choices.

Must apply equally to women and men.

Mediate

Needs cooperation by governments, health and other social and economic sectors, ngo and voluntary organization, local authorities, industry and the media. People in all walks of life are involved as individuals, families and communities. Professional and social groups and health personnel have a major responsibility to mediate between differing interests in society for the pursuit of health.

Five key action areas

Build healthy public policiesCreate supportive environment Strengthen community action for healthDevelop personal skillsReorient health services

Build healthy public policy

Building healthy public policy:health promotion goes beyond health care.it puts health on agenda of policy makers in all sectors and all levels,directing them to be aware of health consequences of their decision and to accept their responsibility for health.

Contd.

Identifying the impact of policies on health

Influencing policy

Deciding where to spend the money

Create supportive environment

Systematic assessment of the health impact is essential and must be followed by action to ensure positive benefit to the health of the public.

Contd.

Identifying personal support networks and community services

Identifying sociocultural, physical, political and economic influences on health

Strengthen community action for health

Setting health prioritiesMaking decisions collaborativelyPlanning health promoting strategiesIdentifying and effectively using resourcesImplementing and evaluating strategies

Develop personal skills

Focuses on health promotion that supports personal and social development of the individual

It endeavours to empower the individual, increasing the option available to people, and this allows them to exercise more control over their own health and their environments

Contd.

Modifying Personal Behaviours Decision

making ,Communicating ,Assertiveness ,Time management ,Planning and problem solving

Gaining access to information and support Physical isolation ,Lack of financial aid to provide

health facilities and education programs , Poor literacy skills, Language barriers , Cultural barriers .

Reorient health services

The responsibility for health promotion in health services is shared among individuals, community groups, health professionals, health service institutions and governments. They must work together towards a health care system which contributes to the pursuit of health.

This requires changes in the attitude and organisation of health services and changes to professional education, training and research

Identifying and gaining access to the range of services available:

Health-care services includes hospitals, nursing homes, psychiatric hospitals, doctors’ surgeries, community health centers, women’s health centers, baby health centers, community health nurses who provide home care for the aged, disabled and terminally ill, community midwives who provide support and education for new mothers

Moving into the Future

Health is created and lived by people within the settings of their everyday life; where they learn, work, play and love. Health is created by caring for oneself and others, by being able to take decisions and have control over one's life circumstances, and by ensuring that the society one lives in creates conditions that allow the attainment of health by all its members.

Caring, holism and ecology are essential issues in developing strategies for health promotion. Therefore, those involved should take as a guiding principle that, in each phase of planning, implementation and evaluation of health promotion activities, women and men should become equal partners.

Health promotion emblem

.

Continuation

Adelaide, Australia, 1988 :healthy public policy

Sundsvall, Sweden, 1991 :supportive environments for health

Jakarta declaration

The Fourth International Conference on Health Promotion: New Players for a New Era - Leading Health Promotion into the 21st Century,

Jakarta, 21 to 25 July 1997

Contd .Peace, shelter, education, social security,

social relations, food, income, the empowerment of women, a stable eco-system,

sustainable resource use, social justice, respect for human rights, and equity.

Above all, poverty is greatest threat.

New challenges

Urbanization, an increase in the number of older people, high prevalence of chronic diseases, social, behavioural and biological changes, civil and domestic violence, New and re-emerging infectious diseases, transnational factors, wide access to media, environmental degradation.

New approach needed

People have to be at the centre of health promotion action and decision-making processes

Break through traditional boundaries within government sectors, between governmental and ngo, and between the

public and private sector.Combination of 5 strategies.

Promote social responsibility for health

Avoid harming the health of individualsProtect the environment and ensure

sustainable use of resourcesRestrict production and of trade harmful

goods and discourage unhealthy marketing practices

Safeguard both the citizen in the marketplace and the workplace

Increase investments for health development

Multisectoral approachGreater investment for health and

reorientation of existing investments, Should reflect the needs of particular groups

such as women, children, older people, and indigenous, poor and marginalized populations.

Consolidate and expand partnerships for health

Existing partnerships need to be strengthened and the potential for new partnerships must be explored.

Partnerships offer mutual benefit for health through the sharing of expertise, skills and resources. WHO guidelines should be adhered to.

Increase community capacity and empower the individual

Empowering community:practical education, leadership training, and access to resources.

Empowering individuals :demands more consistent, reliable access to the decision-making process and the skills and knowledge essential to effect change.

Social, cultural and spiritual resources need to be harnessed in innovative ways.

Secure an infrastructure for health promotion

New mechanisms for funding it locally, nationally and globally must be found. Incentives should be developed to influence the actions of governments, nongovernmental organizations, educational institutions and the private sector to make sure that resource mobilization for health promotion is maximized.

Logo

Modified to reflect culture and atmosphere of the host country of the conference,

Follow up

Mexico 2000Bangkok 2005Nairobi 2009Helsinki 2013,june 10-14Impact Assessment as a tool for implementing

HIAP ( HEALTH IN ALL POLICIES)Health promotion and urban planningLocal government as a key player in

implementation of HIAPInnovating financing for health promotion

IUHPE

Globally collaborative network,working to promote health worldwide & contribute to achievement of equity in health between & within countries.

It decentralizes its activity through regional offices &works in close co-opertaion with WHO,UNESCO,UNICEF & other major organizations to influence & facilitate the development of health promotion strategies & project.

References

Park’s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,22nd

edition

http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/previous/jakarta/declaration/en/index1.html.

www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/previous/ottawa/en/ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa_Charter_for_Health_Promotion www.naspa.org/2012_Chicago_Hdts_1(1).pdf www.boredofstudies.org/.../The_Five_Action_Areas_of_the_Ottawa_Charter_

www.hsc.csu.edu.au/pdhpe/core1/focus/focus1.../health_pri1_4_1_4.htm

a href="http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages

Thank you