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NAME: - ATIF JAMIL
REGISTRATION: - 2530-FMS/BBA/S09
PROGRAMME: - BACHELORS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
DEPARTMENT: - BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
FACULTY: - FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
BATCH: - 19 (A)
SEMISTER: - 5th
SUBJECT: - PAKISTAN STUDIES
FINAL PROJECT: - DICTATORSHIP IN PAKISTAN
TEACHER: - SIR DR. GHULAM AHMED BEHLOL
TEACHERS REMARKS:-
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DICTATORSHIP
IN
PAKISTAN
TOPIC
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CONTANTS OF PRESENTATION
IntroductionDefinition ofDictatorWhat is Dictatorship?Pe
riods of
MilitaryD
ictatorsh
ip inP
akistanEra ofAyub Khan, 1958-1969Era ofYahya Khan, 1969-1971Era ofZIA UL-HAQ, 1977-1988Era ofMusharaf, 1999-2008Timeline ofMilitary Rule in PakistanC
onclusion
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IntroductionMy name is AtifJamil and I am here to give presentation on
DICTATORSHIP IN PAKISTAN. In my presentation I willdiscuss the periods of dictators in Pakistan and the main
events happened at the time of their rule and also the
condition of Pakistan during their rule. The reason of
selection is topic is that Much of Pakistans history has
been related with dictatorship. From self-proclaimed
Field Marshall, General Ayub Khan to the so called Chief
Executive, General Pervez Musharaf, the total span of
military rule is more than 33 years.
Definition ofDictator1. politicsPOWERFUL RULER:a leader who rules a countrywith absolute power, usually by force
2. BOSSY PERSON:somebody who is regarded as behavingin an autocratic(A person with unlimited power or
authority) or domineering(acting with or showing
arrogance) way
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3. Ancient historyTEMPORARY ROMAN RULER:in ancientRome, a temporary appointed leader with absolute
power to deal with a crisis or an emergency
What is Dictatorship?A dictatorship is defined as an autocraticform of
government in which the government is ruled by an
individual, the dictator. It has following possible
meanings:
1.A government controlled by one person, or a smallgroup of people. In this form of government the
power rests entirely on the person or group of
people, and can be obtained by force or by
inheritance. The dictator(s) may also take away
much of its peoples' freedom.
2.In contemporary usage, dictatorship refers to anautocratic form of absolute rule by leadership
unrestricted by law, constitutions, or other social
and political factors within the state.
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Periods ofMilitaryDictatorship in Pakistan
There are three main Periods of dictatorship in
Pakistan in which Four Military Dictator Ruled Pakistan
For more than 33 Years which is a very long time. As
Pakistan is a Democratic country in ruler is elected by
the people of state in election through votes but
unfortunately military dictator does not give much time
to democracy in Pakistan that why Pakistan is in so
much trouble now-a-days.
Starting from the beginning the first dictator in
Pakistan is:
1.GENERAL AYUB KHAN FROM1958TO 19692.GENERAL MUHAMMAD YAHYA KHAN FROM1969TO 19713.GENERAL MUHAMMAD ZIA-UL-HAQ FROM 1977TO 19884.GENERAL PERVEZ MUSHARRAF FROM 1999TO 2008
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Era ofAyub Khan, 1958-1969
MARTIAL LAW OF1958
By implementing Martial Law in 1958,by General, Dreams
of Muslims of subcontinent were buried under their
boots, and irreparable loss to this nation occurred by
those power lusty Generals, The Details of which are as
follows.
LOSS OF STATUS OF A DEMOCRATIC STATE
Due to Implementation of Martial Law, Democratic rightsof nation were lost, and Pakistan lost the status of a
democratic nation, a right and status on the basis and
principles of which Pakistan was created
LOSS OF STATUS OF A NONALIGNED NATION
Due to Military Generals, Pakistan was gone completely
in USA camp, against Soviet Union, while in fact there
was no conflict between Pakistan and Soviet Union, and
Soviet Union was our neighboring country and was havingHuge Muslims populations in its Central Asian states,
it was very convenient by using these factors for
developing strong and durable friendship with soviet
Union, as that of China we have developed. Due to wrong
policies of Military Generals, Soviet Union became
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enemy of Pakistan, and which later on proved very
fatal.
DAMAGE TO UNITY OF PAKISTAN
As per constitution of 1956, it was decided that each
Province will be represented either by Prime Minister
or President of the country. But General Ayub violated
this principle and ruled the country as a dictator for
about 10 years, this created sense of deprivation in
East Pakistan, for which 100 % Military Generals were
responsible.
ADVANTAGES TO INDIA:
Military Dictator Ship in Pakistan and due to loss of
status of a democratic state, these things were very
favorable for India for damaging the Interest of
subcontinent Muslims and Pakistan, and full advantage
was taken by India of the foolish acts of Pakistani
Generals.
Being itself under Military Dictatorship, Pakistan
demand for right of self-determination for Kashmir was
weakened. Although, Military Dictatorship in Pakistanwas highly beneficial for India, India superficially
showed as India is against dictatorship, to give
impression to patriotic Pakistanis as Military
Dictators were highly beneficial for Pakistan. By
developing bad relationship with Pakistan, India kept
at a distance its Muslims Population from developing
any people to people contacts with Pakistan. By
developing good relationship with Russia, India forced
Afghanistan not to develop close relationship with
Pakistan.
WAR OF1965
Due to Military Dictator ship, India instead of giving
right of self-determination to People of Kashmir,
selected to take the advantage of non-democratic
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government in Pakistan, therefore tried to use military
force to solve that problem for ever, although desire
of Kashmiri and Pakistani nation to liberate the
Kashmir was very high, but due to military dictatorship
in the country it was impossible for Pakistan to gain
any thing by that conflict.
India was a six times larger country than Pakistan, due
to being only single huge nation for Hindus, it was
quite clear that its Hindu population will be highly
motivated and devoted for the defense and interest of
India, therefore in such situation it was completely
out of question to liberate Kashmir with any military
operation, therefore decision of liberation of Kashmir
by war in1965
was completely against the wisdom andknowledge of warfare, by that war Pakistan economy was
seriously damaged and useless loss of army personnels
and equipment was occurred .
INCAPABILITY OF DICTATORS
In 1965 war when with the sacrifices of Pakistani
soldiers Indian defense line was totally broken, and
Kashmir valley was laying in front of Pakistani army,
Dictators again failed to show their competitivenessand confidence and instead of moving forward they
stopped the army forward movement. This resulted in the
wastage of sacrifices of soldiers and Pakistani nation.
TRANSFER OF POWER1968
General Ayub instead of handing over power to Speaker
of National Assembly handed over power to another
General by this he showed no respect for his oath for
sacrificing his life for nation, as a compromise forhis life he surrendered to other Generals.
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Era ofYahya Khan, 1969-1971
Dictator Yahya Khan was well known as a loose character
man, his era is full of highest victimization of
Pakistani nation and Army, it is sometimes thought that
government of Pakistan was handed over to this man just
to punishedPakistani nation by Dictator Ayub, Because
it is completely unpredictable that how this man was
able to become the president of an Islamic nation, this
is a mystery till today. Some blunders of Yahya Khan
are as follows,
CONSTITUTION ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS 1970:-
In the presence of 1956 and 1962 constitutions and
against the advice of intellectuals of the nation that
it will be very difficult to develop a new constitution
for the country, elections were hold by this dictator
for new constitution which led the country to an
unbendable crisis.
INABILITY TO HANDLE THE CRISIS AFTER ELECTIONS:
After elections politicians of the country failed to
reach on any consensus on new constitution as
forecasted already by the intellectuals, Dictator Yahya
Khan instead of persuading them to reach on some type
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of consensus, tried to use the policy of divide and
rule for continuing his own rule and for this he had to
find some reasons for which he had not to wait so long.
INCAPABILITY OF UNDERSTANDING TO ENEMY
Dictator Yahya totally failed to understand the policy
of India based on from first day of creation of
Pakistan that how to create disunity among Muslims. On
the basis of this policy India kept Indian Muslims at a
distance from Pakistan by treating Pakistan as an enemy
country. India created bad relations between Pakistan
and Afghanistan. India created bad relations between
Pakistan and Soviet Union so that Pakistan could not
develop again their historical relations with centralAsians Muslims.
In 1970 elections Indian RAW was main instrument, which
was mainly responsible for cultivation of hatred
between West and East Pakistan, But Dictator Yahya
failed to comprehend this policy of India.
INDIAN TACTICS:
In the final stages of Indian policy to create disunityamong Muslims, India used its agents for
irritating(annoying) Dictator Yahya and Government of
Pakistan, so that in response to such
irritation9annaoying) ,Dictator like Yahya will do some
highly irresponsible and uncharacteristic acts such as
military actions or any other sever reaction ,which
will be very fruitful for Indian design.
To irritate(annoy)DictatorYahya following acts were
done by Indians agents in East Pakistan.
Burning of Pakistan Flags.Burning of Quaid-e-AzamEffigy
(Dummy).Killing of Urdu Speaking Muslim refugees from
India. Killing of soldiers and investors of West
Pakistan.
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All these acts were being done by Indians agents to
make the situation more and more worse; it was the
responsibility of Yahya to understand the tactics of
India.But instead of taking the help of Mr. Mujib,
Dictator Yahya did the uncharacteristic act of Military
Action, and by a military court Death Penalty was
awarded to Mr. Mujib.
FALL FROM POWER
Public anger over Pakistan's defeat by Bangladesh and
the division of Pakistan into two parts boiled into
street demonstrations throughout. Yahya became the
highest-ranking casualty of the war: to forestall
further unrest, on December 20, 1971 he handed over
power to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, age 43, the ambitious
leader of West Pakistan's powerful People's Party.
Shortly after Yahya stepped down, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
reversed Rahimuddin Khan's verdict, released Sheikh
MujiburRahman and saw him off to London. Pakistani
President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, ordered the house arrest
of his predecessor, Agha Mohammed Yahya Khan, the man
who imprisoned Mujib in the first place. Both actions
produced headlines round the world.
DEATH
Yahya Khan died in August 1980, in Rawalpindi.
PERSONAL LIFE
He was known as a heavy drinker, with a preference forwhiskey. Khan's close close friend and mistress during
his reign was AkleemAkhtar, otherwise known as General
Rani (General's Queen)
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Era o
f
ZIA UL-HAQ,1977-1988
On 8 January 1977 a large number of opposition
political parties grouped to form the Pakistan National
Alliance(PNA). Bhutto called fresh elections, and PNA
participated in those elections in full force. They
managed to contest the elections jointly even thoughthere were grave splits on opinions and views within
the party. The PNA faced defeat but did not accept the
results, alleging that the election was rigged. They
proceeded to boycott the provincial elections. Despite
this, there was high voter turnout in national
elections; however, as provincial elections were held
low voter turnout and an opposition boycott, the PNA
declared the newly-elected Bhutto government as
illegitimate. All the opposition leaders called for the
overthrow of Bhutto's rule. Political and civil
disorder becomes great, which led to more unrest.
Bhutto imposed martial law in major cities including
Karachi, Lahore and Hyderabad. However, a compromise
agreement between Bhutto and opposition was ultimately
reported. On 5 July 1977, before the announcement of
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any agreement, Bhutto and members of his cabinet were
arrested by troopsunder the order of General Zia.
POSTPONEMENT OF ELECTIONS AND CALL FOR ACCOUNTABILITY
After assuming power as Chief Martial Law
Administrator, General Zia promised to hold National
and Provincial Assembly elections in the next 90
daysand to hand over power to the representatives of
the nation. He also stated that the Constitution of
Pakistan had not been abrogated whatsoever, but had
been temporarily suspended. However, in October 1977,
he announced the delay of the electoral plan and
decided to start an accountability (responsibility)
process for the politicians. Zia said that he changedhis decision due to the strong public demand for the
scrutiny of political leaders who had engaged in
illegal practice in the past but there is no evidence
to this claim. Thus the "retribution first, elections
later" PNA policy was adopted.
A Disqualification Tribunal was formed, and several
individuals who had been Members of Parliament were
charged with malpractice (illegal) and disqualified
from participating in politics at any level for thenext seven years. A white paper document was issued,
incriminating (appear guilty) the deposed Bhutto
government on several counts.
THE DOCTRINE OF NECESSITY
Nusrat Bhutto, the wife of the deposed Prime Minister,
filed a suit against General Zia's military rule,
challenging the validity of the July 1977 military
coup. The Supreme Court of Pakistan ruled, in whatwould later be known as the Doctrine of Necessity (not
to be confused with the 1954 Doctrine of necessity)
that, given the dangerously unstable political
situation of the time, General Zia's overthrowing of
the Bhutto government was legal on the grounds of
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necessity. The judgment tightened the general's hold on
the government.
THE TRIAL OF ZULFIKAR ALI BHUTTO
On 4 April 1979, the former Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali
Bhutto was hanged, after the Supreme Court upheld the
death sentence as passed by the Lahore High Court. The
Supreme Court ruled four to three in favour of
execution. The High Court had given him the death
sentence on charges of the murder of the father of
Ahmed RazaKasuri. Despite many appeals from foreign
leaders requesting Zia to revoke Bhutto's death
sentence, Zia dismissed the appeals and upheld the
death sentence. The hanging of an elected primeminister by a military man was condemned by the
international community and by lawyers and jurists
across Pakistan.
APPOINTMENT OF MARTIAL LAWGOVERNORS
The Zia rule largely made use of installing high-
profile military generals to provincial administration
under martial law. Zia's Guides Comrade Lieutenant
General FazleHaq was appointed Governor of KhyberPakhtunkhwa province. Zia's tenure saw the influx
(inlow) of heroin, sophisticated weaponry, and
countless refugees in from neighboringAfghanistan.
Lieutenant General S.M. Abbasi was appointed Governor
of Sindh; his tenure too saw civil disorder amid
student riots. By contrast, martial law governor
General Jilani of Punjab made much headway in
beautifying Lahore, extending infrastructure, and
muting political opposition. The ascent of Nawaz Sharif
to Chief Minister of Punjab was largely due to General
Jilani's sponsorship.Perhaps most crucially, General
Rahimuddin Khan's appointment to the post of martial
law Governor of Baluchistan saw the
disbanding(splitting) of the Baloch, as well as the
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construction of nuclear test sites in the Chagai
District.
FORMATION OF MAJLIS-E-SHOORA
In the absence of a parliament, General Zia decided to
set up an alternative system, Majlis-e-Shoora, in 1980.
Most of the members of the Shoora were intellectuals,
scholars, ulema, journalists, economists, and
professionals belonging to different fields of life.
The Shoora was to act as a board of advisor's to the
President. All 284 members of the Shoora were to be
nominated by the President, also known as a technocracy
or government of technocrats (a bureaucrat who is
intensively trained in engineering, economics, or aform of technology).
INVOLVEMENT IN THE SOVIET-AFGHAN WAR
THE SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN
On 25 December 1979, the Soviet Union (USSR) invaded
Afghanistan. General Zia, as President of neighboring
Pakistan, was asked by several cabinet members to hold
self-back from interfering in the war, owing to thevastly superior military power of the USSR. General
Zia, however, was ideologically opposed to the idea of
communism taking over a neighboring country, supported
by the fear of Soviet advancement into Pakistan,
particularly Baluchistan, in search of warm waters, and
made no secret about his intentions of monetarily and
militarily aiding the Afghan resistance (the
Mujahideen) with major assistance from the United
States.
ECONOMIC REFORM
Under Zia, the previous ruler Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's
nationalization policies were slowly reversedand
gradual privatization took place. General Zia greatly
favored equality and industrialization. Between 1977
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and 1986, the country experienced an average annual
growth in the GNP of 6.8%, one of the highest in the
world at that time.
FIGHTING THE WARBY PROXY
Zia now found himself in a position to demand billions
of dollars in aid for the Mujahideen from the Western
states, famously dismissing a United States proposed
$325 million aid package as "peanuts". Pakistan's
Inter-Services Intelligence and Special Service Group
now became actively involved in the conflict, and in
cooperation with the Central Intelligence Agency and
the United States Army Special Forces supported the
armed struggle against the Soviets.
In 1981, Ronald Reagan succeeded Jimmy Carter as
President of the United States. Reagan was completely
against the Soviet Union and its Communist satellites,
dubbing it "the evil empire". Reagan now increased
financial aid heading for Pakistan. In 1981, the Reagan
Administration sent the first of 40 F-16 jet fighters
to the Pakistanis. But the Soviets kept control of the
Afghan skies until the Mujahideen received Stinger
missiles in 1986. From that moment on, the Mujahideen'sstrategic position steadily improved.
The Soviets declared a policy of national
reconciliation. In January they announced that a Soviet
withdrawal was no longer linked to the makeup of the
Afghan government remaining behind. Pakistan, with the
massive extra-governmental and covert backing from the
largest operation ever mounted by the CIA and financial
support of Saudi Arabia, therefore, played a large part
in the eventual withdrawal of Soviet troops fromAfghanistan in 1988.
THE WAR LEGACY
The war left deep scars to the Pakistani society with
the menace of Kalashnikov (AK-47assault rifle) culture
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spreading all over the country. It is estimated that
there are currently 20 million firearms in Pakistan,
which has a population of about 175 million(as of July
2010) i.e., almost every ninth person has a firearm,
most likely an automatic one. The rise of the illicit
drug trade and its spread through Pakistan to the rest
of the world increased tremendously during the Soviet-
Afghan war. Afghanistan's drug industry began to take
off after the Soviet invasion in 1979. Desperate for
cash with which to buy weapons, various elements in the
anti-Communist resistance turned to the drug trade.
This was tolerated if not condoned by their American
sponsors such as the CIA.
Two Afghan Mujahideen groups later morphed intoJihadist outfits in the shape of Taliban and Al-Qaeda
in the early 1990s. The Pakistan and US trained Arab
and Afghan fighters later in 2001 initiated a 'Jihad'
against US. The links of the spectacular and deadly
events of September 11 were deeply rooted in the
Soviet-Afghan war. Osama bin Laden invested his
inherited money into the Soviet-Afghan war to fight the
'communist power' and was backed by CIA, ISI, US and
Pakistani military establishments for over 10 years. To
this day Pakistan is bearing the result of thisstrategy and has been dragged deeply into a war with no
apparent end.
LAL MASJID OF ISLAMABAD
The land of Lal Masjid (Red Mosque) was awarded to the
resident by Zia ulHaq.Abdul Aziz Ghazi and Abdul Rashid
Ghazi of JamiaHafsa had special relations with Zia
ulHaq and those links were further enhanced by his son
Muhammad Ijaz-ul-Haq during his term as a minister of
religious affairs. The former head of Lal Masjid,
Maulana Abdullah who was famous for speeches on Jihad
(Holy war), is said to be very close to Zia ulHaq.
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Era ofMusharaf, 1999-2008MUSHARRAF DICTATORSHIP
After the Kargil war Musharaf is feared that he will
dismissed from army, Therefore by violating the bestinterest of the nation when enemies of Pakistan were
waiting for opportunities to overthrow Taliban rule in
Afghanistan, and to destroy Kashmir liberation movement
and to surgically remove nuclear arms of Pakistan, by
having no care of the above mentioned interests of the
nation ,this dictator staged the coup against a Prime
Minister who was having two third majority in the
parliament, at that time only a civilian government was
in best position to solve all above challenges butfoolish dictators were having no care of interests of
the nation.
KASHMIR;
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Due to Dictator Ship in Pakistan, liberation movement
in Kashmir was seriously damaged; more dust was poured
on that weakening movement by foolish suggestions of
this dictator. This is the reason that even after
giving so much sacrifices, still Kashmiris are waiting
for freedom.
DAMAGE TO INTEGRITY OF PAKISTAN:
As the survival of any nation depends on the basic
ideology of that nation, as Pakistan was created on the
name of Islam and for the welfare of Muslim populations
of Different areas, but this dictator was having no
respect for the traditional, religious. Democratic and
justice values of society, he was not in line with thementality and thinking of the nation, nation was
thinking in one direction and he was having mind of
opposite direction, which caused serious damage to
unity and integrity of Pakistani nation.
WAR AGAINST AFGHANISTAN:
After 9/11 When he was waiting for help of USA for
strengthening his dictatorship, he helped those enemies
of Pakistan who were having desire to overthrow IslamicGovernment of Afghanistan, while in fact that was a
golden opportunity for convincing to USA and world that
solution to the problem of extremism in Afghanistan
should be left to both governments of Afghanistan and
Pakistan, and at other hand it was a convenient
opportunity for creating a union between Pakistan and
Afghanistan for countering terrorism for the purpose of
avoiding the war in the region. but due to his
dictatorship these goals were not possible, especially
when India the main enemy of Muslim unity in South Asia
pressurized Pakistan, by giving unnatural offer of Air
bases in India to USA for aggression against
Afghanistan while in fact by this offer it was not
possible for USA to attack Afghanistan, by this offer,
India just aim was to force Pakistan to become an ally
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of USA against Afghanistan, so that a hatred may be
created between Pakistan and Afghanistan, This foolish
General was unable to comprehend this policy of India,
due to which so much civilian atrocities are going on
in this region even today and this region has become
the most destabilized region of the world.
War against Afghanistan was opposed by civilian,
military intellectuals, Corps Commanders and people of
Pakistan, but dictator was having no care about that.
And was interested in his personnel interest
War against Afghanistan has caused a huge destruction
in Afghanistan and large number of Pakistani civilians
and military personnels have been killed.
DESTRUCTION OF PAKISTAN
War against a neighbor Muslim country, has seriously
damaged Pakistan Islamic Ideology, and it is simple
that without adherence to ideology, no country in the
world can survive, this is the reason that now Pakistan
is facing serious problem in each and every sphere of
life, Institutions of Government and Military,
Parliament and Judiciary are now facing seriousproblems as all these pillars of state have been
seriously damaged by dictatorial policies.
DAMAGE TO ARMY:
Due to operations against its own population, Pakistan
Army has lost all support of people, this is the reason
that due to policies of this dictator, daily so many
soldiers and Police personnels are loosing their
lives, Instead of protecting and helping to each other,Army and people of Pakistan are cutting throats of each
other, Due to operation in FATA, Balouchistan, and
operation of Lal Mosque, serious damage to image of
army has occurred. This dictator did not know that only
relation and link between different areas and sections
of people of Pakistan is that of Islam, All energy and
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motivation of Pakistani nation comes from Islam,
without that even survival of Pakistan is simply
impossible, but this dictator was having no care of
that, This is the reason that army and security forces
have lost all motivation, and anti-social elements are
committing freely their crimes.
DAMAGE TO JUDICIAL SYSTEM:
This under graduate General has caused serious damage
to Judicial system of Pakistan, He was not knowing
that in history when a dictator throw away any judge
on street due to fair practices of justice then that
Judge becomes the greatest judge of history, In Karachi
on 12-05-2007,so many civilians were killed just todamage and abuse the Judicial system of Pakistan.
DAMAGE TO PARLIAMENT:
This dictator for the lust of power in 1999 removed a
prime minister who was having Two Third majority in
Parliament and a fake referendum was held to validate
his dictatorship in which he showed that he was having
support of 98 % of people, while in fact in history
even in a single constituency of Pakistan it is simplynot possible for any candidate to win so much support.
He re-elected himself as a president for next five
years, being a government employee wearing Military
Uniform, while as per Pakistan constitution it is not
allowed to compete elections being in job of
Government, moreover from a parliament which already
has elected him president once, and was going to
complete its life just in next few months.
ECONOMY
In 1999, under Nawaz Sharif, Revenue generation of
around Rs.308 billion could not meet the growing
expenditure requirements; with only an average of Rs.80
billion being spent on Public sector development
programs (PSDP) annually. From this Rs.308 billion
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around 65% was being utilized for debt servicing. In
1988 Pakistans foreign debt was $18 billion, but at
the end of 1999 it had accumulated to become $38
billion. Public and external debt exceeded 300% of
foreign exchange earnings.
y Pakistans economy grew by 100% to become $ 160billion
y Revenue grew by 100% to become $ 11.4 billiony Per Capita income grew by 100% to become $ 925y Foreign Reserves grew by 500% to become $ 17
billion
y Exports grew by 100% to become $ 18.5 billiony Textile exports grew by 100% to become $ 11.2
billiony Karachi Stock Exchange grew by 500% to become $
75 billion
y Foreign Direct Investment grew by 500% to become$ 8.4 billion
y Annual Debt servicing decreased by 35% to become26%
y Poverty decreased by 10% to become 24%y Literacy ratio grew by 10% to become 54%y Public development Funds grew by 100% to become
Rs 520 billion
Pakistan came out of the list of Highly Indebted Poor
Countries (HIPC) while setting it on path of
prosperity, growth and economic reforms. World Bank,
IMF, and ADB praised Pakistan for its reforms, fiscal
policies and macro-economic achievements.
CORRUPTION ISSUES
When Musharraf came to power in 1999, he claimed thatthe corruption in the government bureaucracy would be
cleaned up.[
In 2001, according to a survey conducted by
Transparency International, Pakistan was ranked as the
world's 11th most corrupt nation. However, by 2002
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Pakistan's rating had improved 13 places within the
year, to be ranked 24th. By 2007, Pakistan was ranked
138th out of 179 countries, placing it as the 41st most
corrupt country in 2007. Overall, under Musharraf's
regime, Pakistan's rating improved by 30 places.
SUSPENSION AND REINSTATEMENT OF THE CHIEF JUSTICE
On 9 March 2007, Musharraf suspended the Chief Justice
of Pakistan, Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry,
pressing corruption charges against him and filed a
reference against the Chief Justice. He replaced him
with ally Acting Chief Justice JavedIqbal.
His removal of Chaudry was deemed politically motivatedby the public. Musharraf's moves sparked protests among
Pakistani lawyers. On 12 March 2007, lawyers started a
campaign called Judicial Activism across Pakistan and
began boycotting all court procedures in protest
against the suspension. In Islamabad, as well as other
cities such as Lahore, Karachi and Quetta, hundreds of
lawyers dressed in black suits attended rallies,
condemning the suspension as unconstitutional. Slowly
the expressions of support for the ousted Chief Justice
gathered momentum and by May, protesters and oppositionparties took out huge rallies against Musharraf and his
tenure as army chief was also challenged in the courts.
On 20 July, the Supreme Court reinstated Chaudhry. PPP
Co-chairman Asif Ali Zardari also has reportedly
refused to reinstate the sacked chief justice of
Pakistan (CJP) Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, apparently
due to the fear that the latter, if reinstated, might
reopen for adjudication cases on the National
Reconciliation Order. During a meeting of leaders ofthe ruling coalition in Lahore on 23 July 2008, Zardari
repeatedly insisted on not reinstating Chaudhry,
reported the Daily Times.
LAL MASJID
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Much of Pakistans history has been related with
dictatorship. From self-proclaimed Field Marshall,
General Ayub Khan to the so called Chief Executive,
General Pervez Musharaf, the total span of military
rule is more than 33 years.
The chart below summarizes the democratic and military
span of our history. The most significant event of each
dictatorial rule is also highlighted which reveals a
very interesting pattern. It is not surprising to note
that each military rule leaves behind a legacy of
destruction the scars of which are carried by 160
million souls in Pakistan to this day.
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ConclusionIt is true the economy of Pakistan is grow in the rule of
dictatorship but this boom in economy growth during these
dictators rules is due to the aid from the us and other
country but beside these growth due to that aid we also give
path to many trouble to come into our country the benefitsfrom this economy growth is much much less than the
problem we face after the end of the rules of these
Dictators
From all above analysis it is clear that running of the
country should be done by those who are specially trainedfor that purpose otherwise Military Generals, who are
trained just to kill or destroy the enemy, when they come to
the power they do the same thing with their nation and they
are very fond of wars and very interested in show of power
with guns, such type of people may be very dangerous for the
nation, army and world at large. It is also the responsibility
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of Army as an institution to clarify that why so much easier
it becomes obedient to such dishonest dictators.