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Participatory development of adaptation and mitigation technologies and practices
in East and West Africa
Presenter: Bayala J. (ICRAF)
FARA Science week
CCAFS side Event
Accra 15 July 2013
Objectives of the PAR • To test and validate a scalable climate-smart
model for agricultural development that integrates a range of innovative agricultural risk management strategies
• To enable key actors (farmers, developers and managers of agricultural carbon, and policy makers) to develop cost-effective options for agricultural mitigation that support local sustainable development, especially related to food security and climate change adaptation
• To build African project managers’ capacity for institutional analysis and design for agricultural carbon projects
• To enable rigorous tracking of institutional changes and impacts over time.
• Climate-smart agriculture includes proven practical techniques - such as mulching, intercropping, conservation agriculture, crop rotation, integrated crop-livestock management, agroforestry, improved grazing, and improved water management - but also innovative practices such as better weather forecasting, early warning systems and risk insurance.
• Climate-smart agriculture is about getting existing technologies off the shelf and into the hands of farmers and developing new technologies such as drought or flood tolerant crops to meet the demands of the changing climate.
• It is also about creating an enabling policy environment for adaptation.
Climate-smart agriculture technologies and practices
Climate variability
Climate change
Rains start late or earlier
Drought, floods, pest
and diseases
Human pressure
Production needs to increase by 70% to feed 9 billion people
Poor crop, less food and less
income
Decrease in vegetation
cover
Land and soil degradation
Climate forecast
Climate analogs
Water harvesting - Crop varieties – Species transfer - zero grazing – on-farm trees
Exit strategy: NGOs, extension
PM
&E
: cha
nge
in b
ehav
ior
Con
duci
ve e
nviro
nmen
t (po
licy
and
mar
ket)
Global problem analysis
From participatory planning: • Iden%fy major climate risks, constraints, opportuni%es and resources; • Map vulnerability of various groups; • Define & develop partnerships needed (technical support units, Village local commiBees…) to achieve the common defined vision; • Iden%fy technological op%ons for on-‐farm tes%ng and demonstra%on.
Participatory action research in West Africa
….to ground testing of climate-smart agriculture innovations with communities • Combina%ons of minimum %llage-‐crop rota%ons-‐organic and inorganic fer%lizers (micro-‐dosing);
• Zaï, half-‐moons, stone bunds -‐ assisted natural tree regenera%on;
• Tree plan%ng for woodlots and fruits; • Intercropping sesame/cowpea/ sorghum/Hibiscus/Okra
• Jatropha curcas produc%on in associa%on with cereal crops…….
…to capacity & partnership development for up-scaling climate-smart village models
• Train researchers on approaches, methods, and tools needed for ac%on research;
• Train technical support units in sites to insure sound implementa%on, monitoring and repor%ng of the PAR results;
• Mobilize na%onal plaSorms (scien%sts & policy makers) for linking na%onal priority needs with sub-‐na%onal level experiences and specific enabling condi%ons.
Activities Burkina Faso Ghana Mali Weather forecast Climate
information delivery
Climate information delivery
Climate information delivery
Baseline studies (including socio-‐economic)
Baseline carbon stock evaluation for all technologies tested
Baseline carbon stock evaluation for all technologies tested
Baseline carbon stock evaluation for all technologies tested
Water harvesting Zaï-‐Assisted natural regeneration
Minimum tillage-‐Rotation-‐ISFM
Water conservation and microdose
Land and vegetation restoration
Vegetation cover regeneration through tree planting
Tree species for wood production and fruit
Introducing Moringa oleifera
Off season gardening
Variety testing for adaptation
Improved varieties of Maize
Maize varieties testing
Sesame varieties testing
Testing sweet sorghum genotypes from ICRISAT
Testing of millet varieties
Cowpea
varieties testing
Cowpea varieties testing
Mitigation options testing (including GHGs monitoring)
Design sustainable Jatropha production systems
Develop sustainable Jatropha production systems
Examples of field tests conducted with farmers
Activities Burkina Faso Ghana Mali Capacity building 1 student from
professional school
1 MSc student KUK 1 student of UPB, Burkina Faso
Participatory video filming
A climate change adaptation committee formed to supervise the implementation of activities
Training of farmers on SWC techniques
P. M&E National team trained by IUCN on the tools for PM&E and applied them
Ghana team was trained by IUCN on the tools for PM&E
Mali to be trained by IUCN on the tools for PM&E
Information dissemination
Farmers’ field days
Farmers’ field days
Farmers’ field days
Partnership INERA, TreeAid, BIBIR, IUCN, Agrhymet, local authorities
SARI, MoFA, Langmaal Center, Prolinova, IUCN, Agrhymet, local authorities
IER, AMEDD, IUCN, Agrhymet, local authorities
Change in behaviour
Change in behaviour
Examples of field tests conducted with farmers
• Contributes to one of CCAFS objectives: Identify and test innovations in partnership with rural communities that enable them to better manage climate-related risk and build more resilient livelihoods
• The project aimed to address climate change through participatory testing of improved varieties “drought tolerant” bean varieties with farmers in selected sites in Hoima and Rakai district, Uganda – Identify varieties adapted to
specific and wide climatic scenarios
– Understand trade offs of different traits under varying socio-economic circumstances
Participatory evaluation of drought tolerant bean varieties in Uganda
Roles of different stakeholders in the project CIAT/NARO-NaCRRI • Provide seed for the trails • Train in crop management • Guide famers in trail layout and planting • Monitoring and coordinate the trail with different
stakeholders • Avail simple implements and inputs for the
trails (e.g., rain gauge, paper bags, plot labels and any other input deemed necessary for the success of the trail)
Farmer Groups • Directly implement the project • Provide and prepare the land for the trails • Conduct the planting, and general crop and
trail management • Keep records and any activity done and any
observations seen on the trails • Maintain a day to day record book on the trails • Make a report on the trial and performance of
the individual varieties
Local government (LC chairperson(s) and councilors � Mobilization of farmers � Monitor the trails � Give advise to famers groups � Provide any assistance as the sub-
county budget may allow Community development officers and technocrats (extension workers, NGOs) � Provide technical advise on crop
production � Harmonize groups to work together � Monitor the activities � Mobilize farmers to engage in the
project � Link the project with the different
stakeholders � Assessment of the trials and make a
report
Identifying pro-poor mitigation options for smallholder agriculture in the
developing world: a multi-criteria and across-scales assessment
Develop a low-‐cost protocol to quan2fy greenhouse gas emissions and to iden2fy mi2ga2on op2ons for smallholders at whole-‐farm and landscape levels
The goal
Capacity building Landscape analysis
and targe2ng
Landscape implementa2on
Mul2-‐dimensional evalua2on of mi2ga2on op2ons
Scalable and social acceptable mi2ga2on op2ons
System-‐level es2ma2on of mi2ga2on poten2al
Set-‐up of state-‐of-‐the-‐art laboratory facili2es
Training of laboratory and field staff
Phase III: Development of systems-‐level mi2ga2on op2ons
Phase I: Targe2ng, priority seFng and infrastructure
Phase II: Data acquisi2on
Phase IV: Implementa2on with development partners
Produc2vity assessment
GHG measurements
Profitability evalua2on
Social acceptability assessment
Joint scien2fic & stakeholder evalua2on
Step 5. Intepreta2on and upscaling
30 Oct 4 Nov 9 Nov 14 Nov 19 Nov 24 Nov 29 Nov
0255075
100250500
N2O
flux
[µg
N m
-2 h
-1]
2012
0255075
100250500
0255075
100250500
Cropland
Grassland
individual chambers gas pooling
Forest
Temporal variability of N2O fluxes a t th ree s i tes differing in land use at Maseno, Kenya.
Synthesis of GHG measurements: informa%on useful to derive emission factors, empirical models, calibra%ng and valida%ng of detailed models Upscaling: using the targe%ng approach (assigning emissions to landscape elements) and/or of GIS coupled biogeochemical models
What is new? • New agriculture
responsive to: food security, adapting to CC & CC mitigation
• Integrate the use of climate information and climate risk management at community level
• Research on processes about change in behaviour
• Looking at a set of innovations rather than a single technology performance
• Looking beyond the program lifetime: self-reproduction
Contributors • Bayala J., Ky-Dembele C., Kalinganire A. (ICRAF) • Zougmoré R., Moussa A.(CCAFS-ICRISAT) • Mukankusi C.M., Nkalubo S., Katungi E., Luyima G.
(CIAT-NACRRI) • Rufino M., Rosenstock T., Wollenberg L., Butterbach-
Bahl K. (IITA) • Bationo B.A. (INERA-Burkina Faso) • Buah S. (SARI-Ghana) • Traoré K. (IER-Mali) • Tougiani A. (INRAN-Niger) • Badiane Y.N. (ISRA-Senegal)
Thank you very much