Post on 17-Dec-2015
description
transcript
PATHOGENIC SPIROCHETESChair of Medical Biology, Microbiology, Virology, and ImmunologyLecturer Prof. S.I. Klymnyuk
Groups of spiral shaped bacteria, which are pathogenic for humanVibrioCampylobacterHelicobacter SpirillaSpirochetesTreponemaBorreliaLeptospira
Evolution of spiral-shaped bacteriaVibrio, Campylobacter, Helicpbacter and Spirilla develop together with Eubacteria.
Spirochetes are differed according to their morphological and physiological signs. There is hypothesis about their intermediate evolution position between Protozoa and Bacteria
Sodoku (Spirillum minor)
Main pathogenic bacteria of Spirochetaceae
Spirochetes structure
Spirochetes morphologyTreponemaLeptospiraBorrelia
Spirochetes ultrastructureBorreliaLeptospira
Classification of Human Terponema Non-pathogenicT.denticolaT.macrodenticumT.oraleConditionally pathogenicT.vincentiiPathogenicT.pallidum pallidum (syphilis)T.pallidum endemicum (bejel)T.pallidum pertenue (yaws)T.carateum (pinta)
Vincents angina
Noma (gangrenous stomatitis)
Treponema in tested material
Cell attacked by treponema
Hard chancre
Clinical findings of SyphilisSecondary syphilisHetchinzone teeth
Microbiologic diagnosis of SyphilisMicroscopy (native an fixed material)Romanovsky-Giemsa stainPhase contrastDark fieldSerologic diagnosisWassermanns test (CFT)Sedimentation reartions (hns and Sachs-Witebskys tests)Microreaction of Treponema pallidum immobilizationIFT, ELYSA, IHATChain polymerase reaction
Tropic trepanematoses: pinta (T.carateum), bejel (T.endemicum), yaws (T.pertenue)Yaws (tropic granuloma)Bejel (endemic syphilis)
Yaws
Pinta
Bejel
Borrelia morphology
Borrelia in blood smear
Lyme diseaseCausative agents:Borrelia burgdorferiBorrelia gariniiBorrelia afzelii
B. burgdorferi
Leptospira morphology
Clinical findings of leptospirosis
Morphlogy of Campylobacter
Morphlogy of Campylobacter
S-formS-formComma-formSpiral-shaped form
Main biochemical differences between Campylobacter and Helicobacter
Campylobacteriosis in humanDiarrhea (enterococlites), sometimes bloodlyEndoracditis, pericarditis, meningitis, encephalitis, septicemiaDisease of genitourinary tractPathology of pregnancy (abortion, premature delivery)Autoimmune pathology with alteration of central nervous system
H. pylori diseases in humanChronic gastritis
Gastric and duodenal ulcer
Adenocarcinoma and B-Lymphoma of stomach
Alterations of cardiovascular system?
Evidances of etiologic role of Helicobacter pylori in pathogenesis of ulcer disease> 95% patients with duodenal ulcer and > 80 % patients with gastric ulcer are infected with H. pylori: this level is more then in healthy persons;In persons, which are infected with H. pylori, duodenal ulcer develops more frequently then in non-infected ones;Antibacterial drugs have medicinal effect and safely prevent ulcer disease relapses
Morphology of Helicobacter
Helicobacter pylori in mucous membrane of a stomach
Helicobacter pylori
Peculiarities of Helicobacter pyloriMicroaerophilic bacterium (5% 2, 5-10 % 2);They require special nutrient media, a surface of medium must be moist);They give growth in 48-72 hours, when antibiotics are used in 13 days;They have high urease, catalase and oxidase activity; They are motile;They are polymorphic bacteria (comma-shaped, spiral-shaped, coccal-shaped forms)
Cultivation of Helicobacter pylori
H. pylory
Pathogenesis of ulcer diseaseInfection develops in antral part of stomach
Inflammation causes gastritis, duodenitis, but sometimes it is without any symptoms
Ulcer is result of inflammation, its complication - perforation and hemorrhage
Pathogenicity factors of H.pyloriEnzymes of virulence:UreasePhospholipase ProteasesdhesinsToxins:EndotoxinExotoxin-cytotoxin (factor which is responcible for formation of vacuoles)
Detection of vacuolizing factor in cell culturePositive resultsNegative results
Survival factors of Helicobacter pylori in a stomachNeutralization of acidic contents of the stomach near bacteria (urease, altruistic autolysis)Active invasion in mucous layer which covers stomach epithelium (lophotrichates)Ability to adhere to epitheliocytes of stomach (fimbria with hemagglutinin activity)
Diagnousis of Helicobacter pylori
Urease test for diagnosis of helicobacteriosis
Test-system for diagnosis of helicobacteriosis