Post on 14-Jul-2015
transcript
Performance – the right frame for improving access to rural water
supply?
Liquid Dynamics Symposium
Katharina Welle, STEPS/SPRU
23 March 2011
1
CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUNDPart I
Framing
Framings as...What is the origin of macchiato in Ethiopia?
• “metaphors that guide both analysis and action” (Rein & Schoen, 1996)
• Boundaries that include and exclude issues in defining a problem and the solution to it (Mansfield & Haas 2006; Levidow et al 1997)
• Power relations in the context of framing
Framing access to water supply
use
drinking, domestic activities,
wider livelihood activities
socio-political
controlling access,
responsibilities for managing
access
economic
efficient management
affordability
time
gaining, maintaining
access
technical
quantity, quality, distance
CASE STUDY: FRAMING OF ACCESS TO RURAL WATER SUPPLY IN ETHIOPIA
Part II
Performance-Based Monitoring (PBM) in Ethiopia
• Concept originated from the private sector
• Introduced in government during the 1980s
• In International Development, PBM embedded in the Aid Effectiveness Agenda
• In Ethiopia, sector reforms towards PBM for water supply sanitation and hygiene ongoing in 2011
Formal Institutions’ framings ofaccess to rural water supply
Definitions of access to rural water supply
Joint Monitoring Programme 20 litres /person/ day, 1km./30 min, WHO quality
Ministry of Water and Energy 15 litres /person/ day, 1.5 km., WHO quality
Woreda Water Office 15 litres /person/ day, 1.5 km., WHO quality
7
use
drinking, domestic activities,
wider livelihood activities
socio-political
controlling access,
responsibilities for managing
access
economic
efficient management
affordability
time
gaining, maintaining
access
technical
quantity, quality, distance
Estimates of access to rural water supply
Estimates of access to rural water supply in Mole kebele, June 2011
Joint Monitoring Programme
not available
Ministry of Water and Energy
94%
Woreda Water Office 63%
People of Mole kebele 1 household, 1 church
Mirab Abaya, SNNP Region, Ethiopia
• 81,608 inhabitants
• Partly highlands, partly lowlands
• More densely populated in lowlands, more water supply schemes in lowlands
Mole Kebele, Mirab Abaya
Population:
4,264 according to health extension workers
5,885 according to CSA projection for 2002
Water supply schemes:
1 Borehole (+ 1 Under Constr)
3 Hand Dug Wells
=> Access coverage between 70% and 94%
Scheme Potentially served
3 HPs 810 (270x3)
1 BH 3313 (3313x1)
Total 4123
Water supply, Mole kebele, Mirab Abaya, Ethiopia
China
MoleUgayu
Water point
Water Point 1
Water Point 2
HPChurch
Zacharias
HP
ShefeRiver
School
TeachersHP
WB WASH
Donkey Carts
WVE
Issues related to access at Hand Pumps
• Non-functionality
• Water quality issues
Issues related to access, Mole China BH
ChinaBono 1 Bono 2
ZachariasSchool
Teachers
China BH
• No service for Ugayo kebelesince 1986/7
• Opening hours; fuel & pump issues, waiting time
• Supervisors manipulate queuing
• Pump operator sells water illegally
Impact on access to water in Mole Kebele
• Users get water from all sources but everyone prefers the borehole
• All people fetch water from all available schemes, with long waiting hours, need to employ alternative strategies
Issues around access from the perspective of Mole kebele residents
use
drinking, domestic activities,
wider livelihood activities
socio-political
controlling access,
responsibilities for managing
access
economic
efficient management
affordability
time
gaining, maintaining
access
technical
quantity, quality, distance