P h I l I p p I n e H I s t o r y

P r o f e s s o r

Andy Patricio Bonifacio

B e e d 1 - a

P h I l I p p I n e H I s t o r y

CHAPTER 23

From martial law to People power (1972 –

1986)

R e p o r t e r s

Sheree Ann Marie Casin Joelbyn a. datu

Jo-ness Mensorado

P h I l I p p I n e H I s t o r y P r o f e s s o r

Sheree Ann Marie Casin

Joelbyn a. datu

Jo-ness Mensorado

From martial law to

People power (1972 – 1986)

The Philippines until 1972, held election

regularly; every four years for the president,

vice president, and congressmen ; every two

years for a third of the senate.

President Ferdinand Marcos started his term

(1972), he was able to extend his stay in

office to a 3rd term

President Marcos, through what he called “

Constitutional Authoritarianism,” extended his

presidency that lasted twenty years or two

decades – The longest in the Philippine history.

Marco’s new societyMarcos Envisioned A “ REVOLUTION FROM THE

CENTER

Center – Referred to the Silent Majority who

were neither leftists of pro radical change

like a socialist or communist society nor

Rightists who where pro status quo

Dominated by few Landed rich or the

Oligarchy.

New Society (Bagong Lipunan) – Ferdinand

Marcos build a new society Which is self

discipline, self reliant , prosperous and peaceful

society.

*Marcos Excellency in his New Society *

1. Place the whole country under the land

reformed .

2. Freeing the tenant farmers from his

landlord and enabling him to own and

expand the size of ax and expand the size

of land

3. Using Tax money and foreign loans Marcos

built more school, market place, hospital,

roads and etc.

4. Develop energy resources such as

geothermal plants, oil fuels.

Worsening economic and

Political crises

Massive foreign loan

Rises in prices of commodities

They collected more taxes, budget were cut

and poor salaries

Farmers began to deprived of their lease

hold arrangement

Sent out 1.3 million overseas contract

workers and domestic helpers

Interim Batasang Pambansa

- it was the first election to be held under

martial rule

Dictatorship

- one man rule a ruler with unrestricted

powers

June 30, 1981

-Marcos won , the Fourth Republic was

inaugurated .

Mass movements to end

Martial rule

The declaration of martial law effectively

silenced the protest

Movement of the “FIRST QUARTER STORM”

from 1972 to 1973 hundreds were detained

includes leaders of the leftist organization. It

took more years before those who spoke and

wrote about what was really happening

under martial law could be heard.

Noise barrage

- sound or noise used by opposition to

signify their protest against Marcos and KBL

Safehouses

- were secret places for the torture and

killing of anti-Marcos activists, communists

and other rebels whose right to trial and

human dignity were totally disregarded.

Xerox Journalism

- Photocopies of articles and readings

with subversive content proliferated.

Movement for a free Philippines

-Led by Raul Manglapus, a group who

accused Marcos of dictatorship , graft and

corruption that caused capital flight and

unproductivity, excessive taxes, and the

further deterioration of Economy.

April 6 Liberation Movement

- a group of the elite and the big

business community was accused of trying to

end Marco’s martial rule even through

violent means.

The assassination of

ninoy

Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino Jr.

- If Marcos did not declare martial

law in 1972 , former Senator Benigno “Ninoy”

Aquino Jr. Might have become the next

president. Instead, he was in imprisoned

later, allowed to go the U.S for medical

treatment when he got very ill while in

detention.

Ninoy Aquino decided to return to the

Philippine using assumed name, MARCIAL

BONIFACIO.

August 21, 1983

- the assassination of Benigno Aquino

took place on Sunday August 21, 1983 at

Manila International Airport he was shot in

the head while being escorted from an

aircraft to a vehicle that was waiting to

transport him to prison. Also killed was

Rolando Galman, who was later implicated in

Ninoy Aquino’s murder.

The 1986 snap

Elections

Snap Election

- an Election called earlier than expected,

Generally it refers to an election in a

parliamentary system called when not

requied usually to capitalize on a unique

electoral opportunity or to decade a pressing

issue.

Parliament of the Street

- a new wave of protest rallies from 1983

rocked Manila and other cities like Cebu,

Davao, and Iloilo.

National Movement for free Elections

(NAMFREL)

- to ensure a clean and fair counting of

votes, concerned businessmen and other cause

oriented groups organized it.

February 7, 1986

- Marcos announced that he was ready

for a “Snap” presidential election.

February 20, 1986

- Marcos was declared President Elect

along with Arturo Tolentino as vice president.

People power at

edsaThe Philippine was praised worldwide in 1986

when the so called bloodless Revolution

erupted called EDSA People Power’s

Revolution

EDSA PEOPLE POWER REVOLUTION

- was a series of popular demonstrations

in the Philippines that began in 1983 and

culminated in 1986.

February 22, 1986

- triggered the downfall of the Marcos

Government in an unsuspected move by Juan

Ponce Enrile the Secretary of National

Defense and Fidel V. Ramos (Vice Chief of

Staff ) who defected and severed their ties

with Marcos.

February 23, 1986

- the oath taking of Marcos as newly

elected president was hastily stopped.

February 25, 1986

- Marked a significant national event that

has been engraved in the heart and mind of

every Filipino .

- The Bloodless Revolution called EDSA

People Power’s Revolution.

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