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PLASTIC SCINTILLATORS and
RELATED ANALYTICAL PROPOSALS for
RADIONUCLIDE ANALYSIS
José F. García, Alex Tarancón, Héctor Bagán.
Departament d’Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica
LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague
Begining of Plastic Scintillators
The Theory and Practice of Scintillation CountingJ.B. BirksPergamon Press 1964
Liquid Scintillation and Plastic Scintillation starts 70’sLiquid ScintillationFocus: radionuclide analysisLS Counter – LS SpectrometersScintillation Cocktails LSC success: . Sample preparation for measurements (easy and homogeneous)
. Many applications
Plastic ScintillationFocus: large area detectors, dosimetryRadionuclide analysis
2Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague
Plastic Scintillators and related analytical proposals
- Plastic Scintillators composition and sample preparation
- Scintillation mechanism
- Direct radionuclide determinations
- Selective radionuclide determinations
- Future challenges
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 3
Plastic Scintillators: composition and sample preparation
Composition. Solvent: . Polystyrene, Polyvinyiltoluene linear (water insoluble)
. Divinylbenzene crosslinked (aggressive and organic insoluble). Secondary solvent: Naphtalene, Disopropilnaphtalene. Scintillators: PPO, POPOP, p-T, bis-MSB ....
Format. Plastic scintillator microspheres (PSm) (10 – 300 µm). Plastic scintillator foils (PSf) (50 – 100 µm). Plastic scintillator pellets (3 mm)
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 4
Plastic Scintillators: composition and sample preparation
Sample preparation for measurement.
Steps: . Plastic scintillator. Sample solution. Homogenization
LS vs PS: . PS time . PS difficulty to homogenize. PS expensive than LS cocktails. PS sample solution and PSm can be segregated (no mixed waste). PS sample stability (no phase separation)
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 5
Scintillation mechanism
Scintillation mechanism
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 6
e-distance(μm)
Radionuclide Solvent
N
O
Scintillator Photomultiplier tube.
hνPMT
ChemicalQuenching
ColourQuenching
IonizationQuenching
Quenching
LS
Scintillation mechanism
Scintillation mechanism
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 7
e-distance(μm)
Radionuclide Solvent
N
O
Scintillator Photomultiplier tube.
hνPMT
ChemicalQuenching
ColourQuenching
IonizationQuenching
Quenching
LS
PS
Scintillation mechanism
Scintillation mechanism
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 8
e-distance(μm)
Radionuclide Solvent
N
O
Scintillator Photomultiplier tube.
hνPMT
ChemicalQuenching
ColourQuenching
IonizationQuenching
Quenching
LS
PS
PS Particle Quenching ø EFF Optical Quenching ø EFF
ParticleQuenching
OpticalQuenching
PSm ø 10 – 300 µm
Direct radionuclide determinations - PSm
Alpha emitter radionuclides.
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 9
EFFPSm 241Am (%)
(5552 keV)236U (%)
(4573 keV)
D (70 µm) 96 75D300 (300 µm) 45 29
EFFPSf 241Am (%)
D (65 µm) 80
High EFF alpha emitters ø 50 - 100 µm
Direct radionuclide determinations - PSm
Alpha emitter radionuclides.
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 10
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Energy (in channels)
Net c
ount
rate
(in
cpm
)
PSm7-p (22 micrometers)PSm6-p (40 micrometers)PSm5-p (51 micrometers)PSm4-p (71 micrometers)PSm2-p (85 micrometers)PSm10- p (145 micrometers)PSm11-p (about 1 mm)
241Am
Direct radionuclide determinations - PSm
Beta emitter radionuclides.
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 11
High EFF beta emitters ø 50- 100 µmLow EFF low beta emitters 3H
Particle size (µm)
3H (%)
14C (%)
90Sr/90Y (%)
17 4,51 74,3 192,932 2,69 68,7 189,857 1,73 62,7 190,379 1,16 54,5 186,7
145 0,81 45,1 184,8
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Energy (in channels)
NE
T C
OU
NT
RA
TE (i
n cp
m)
H-3
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Energy (in channels)
NE
T C
OU
NT
RA
TE (i
n cp
m)
C-14
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10000
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Energy (in channels)
NE
T C
OU
NT
RA
TE (i
n cp
m)
Sr-90/Y-90
Direct radionuclide determinations - Calibration
Chemical Quenching.Nitromethane : 0 - 7.57 μl/mL
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 12
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Chemical quenching.
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.30
0.32
0.34
0.36
0.38
700 705 710 715 720 725 730 735 740
SQP
Effic
ienc
y %
36Cl PSm 120 – 180 µm
EFF Quenching parameter (SQP)
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10000
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5x 10-3
Channels
Effi
cien
cy %
Normalized detection efficiency spectra of Cl-36 in PS1 with and without quenching agent.
0 ul Nitromethane1.52 ul/ml sol.3.03 ul/ml sol.4.55 ul/ml sol.6.06 ul/ml sol.7.58 ul/ml sol.
3H PSm 400 – 500 µm
Gráfico2
738.667007007000.00755883330.0075588333
731.857407407400.00697935790.0069793579
723.820.00698921130.0069892113
706.710.00647155030.0064715503
701.130.00641270460.0064127046
702.240.00619222540.0061922254
x
+s
-s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Chemical quenching.
0.3561621691
0.2942603615
0.332268962
0.2562517611
0.3094
0.2942603615
0.332268962
0.2562517611
0.3078
0.2745
0.2652
0.2525
Efic % Vópt Nitr
Ventana Óptima:
H-3Promedio de los blancos:
SistemaMax.InicioFinInterferenteCP1CP2CL
Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)
CP1/H-30.55583176NaCl0.44040.00850.33660.007121.89460.2601
Nitrometano0.47980.00930.33670.007422.83070.2715
CP2/H-30.332346205Glicerina0.43890.00880.35420.007622.92930.2739
BaCl20.47940.00910.37660.007921.10970.2523
CL/H-31429.11175Naranja de metilo0.48180.00910.37670.007722.87540.2716
Promedio0.46410.00900.35620.007622.32790.2659
CP1/Cl-3615977428615
Cl-36Promedio de los blancos:
CP2/Cl-3613510417647InterferenteCP1CP2CL
Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)
CL/Cl-3613194502660NaCl59.00231.207962.69611.258960.76071.2345
Nitrometano57.14521.233665.76181.351363.29231.3255
Glicerina52.75931.126862.10811.289561.02111.2512
BaCl258.95641.207866.97451.315660.20311.2292
Aplicando la ventana óptima (figura de mérito) se calculan las nuevas eficiencias %.Naranja de metilo57.32841.187966.25431.308362.65001.2607
Promedio57.03831.192864.75891.304761.58541.2602
Sistema
CP1/H-3[Nitr] (ul/3.3 ml solución)Eficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPEff(ópt) %CP2/H-3[Nitr] (ul/3.3 ml solución)Eficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPEficiencia (ópt) %CL/H-3[Nitr] (ul/3.3 ml solución)Eficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPEficiencia (ópt) %
00.46410.0090677.020.464062919900.35620.0076738.660.3562022.32790.2659740.5322.3279
50.44200.0088666.910.44250.30940.0070731.850.3094519.12920.2282714.3119.1292
100.40920.0084660.770.4092100.30780.0070723.820.30781018.11060.2164709.8118.1106
150.41070.0084655.020.4107150.27450.0065706.710.27451516.87680.2020698.5116.8768
200.36490.0078643.390.3649200.26520.0064701.130.26522014.36770.1727681.2914.3677
250.33510.0074627.680.3351250.25250.0062702.240.25252513.10190.1579666.2913.1019
Promedio (X)0.4043655.1317Promedio (X)0.2943717.40170.2943Promedio (X)17.3190701.790017.3190
S(X)0.047717.5562S(X)0.038016.19150.0380S(X)3.337126.12713.3371
+S0.4521672.6878+S0.3323733.59320.3323+S20.6562727.917120.6562
-S0.3566637.5755-S0.2563701.21020.2563-S13.9819675.662913.9819
x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s
00.40430.45210.356600.29430.33230.2563017.319020.656213.9819
250.40430.45210.3566250.29430.33230.25632517.319020.656213.9819
x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s
6200.40430.45210.35667000.29430.33230.256366017.319020.656213.9819
6800.40430.45210.35667400.29430.33230.256375017.319020.656213.9819
CP1/Cl-36[Nitr] (ul/3.3 ml solución)Eficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPCP2/Cl-36[Nitr] (ul/3.3 ml solución)Eficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPCL/Cl-36[Nitr] (ul/3.3 ml solución)Eficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQP
057.03831.1928679.857.0383064.75891.3047741.8164.7589061.58541.2602743.4861.5854
557.77901.2412669.8457.7790563.08061.3103729.4163.0806560.55201.2817722.360.5520
1053.67921.1778659.6253.67921061.91471.2922718.4261.91471051.62401.1539706.3751.6240
1552.88181.1713655.1352.88181559.63851.2632703.2759.63851552.19631.1619696.6252.1963
2048.28621.1055642.9548.28622057.62431.2366699.7157.62432044.68831.0554682.7244.6883
2545.18491.0629632.4645.18492557.46311.2340695.6757.46312538.15970.9568674.0138.1597
Promedio (X)52.4749656.6333Promedio (X)60.7467714.7150Promedio (X)51.4676704.2500
S(X)4.924717.2851S(X)2.988918.3448S(X)9.038925.7119
+S57.3996673.9184+S63.7356733.0598+S60.5065729.9619
-S47.5502639.3482-S57.7578696.3702-S42.4287678.5381
x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s
052.474957.399647.5502060.746763.735657.7578051.467660.506542.4287
2552.474957.399647.55022560.746763.735657.75782551.467660.506542.4287
x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s
63052.474957.399647.550269060.746763.735657.757867051.467660.506542.4287
68052.474957.399647.550274260.746763.735657.757874551.467660.506542.4287
Efic % Vópt Nitr
0.00896300260.0089630026
0.00879830280.0087983028
0.00836322230.0083632223
0.0084249130.008424913
0.00778300010.0077830001
0.00735878440.0073587844
x
+s
-s
[Nitromethane] (ul/3.3 ml sol.)
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. [Nitromethane] (ul/3.3 ml sol.) Chemical quenching. PS1/H-3.
0.00896300260.0089630026
0.00879830280.0087983028
0.00836322230.0083632223
0.0084249130.008424913
0.00778300010.0077830001
0.00735878440.0073587844
x
+s
-s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Chemical quenching.
0.00755883330.0075588333
0.00697935790.0069793579
0.00698921130.0069892113
0.00647155030.0064715503
0.00641270460.0064127046
0.00619222540.0061922254
x
+s
-s
[Nitromethane] (ul/3.3 ml sol.)
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. [Nitromethane] (ul/3.3 ml sol.) Chemical quenching. PS2/H-3.
0.00755883330.0075588333
0.00697935790.0069793579
0.00698921130.0069892113
0.00647155030.0064715503
0.00641270460.0064127046
0.00619222540.0061922254
x
+s
-s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Chemical quenching.
0.26586757360.2658675736
0.22824311870.2282431187
0.21636645890.2163664589
0.20195965530.2019596553
0.17265275460.1726527546
0.15787641530.1578764153
x
+s
-s
[Nitromethane] (ul/3.3 ml sol.)
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. [Nitromethane] (ul/3.3 ml sol). Chemical quenching. LS/H-3.
0.26586757360.2658675736
0.22824311870.2282431187
0.21636645890.2163664589
0.20195965530.2019596553
0.17265275460.1726527546
0.15787641530.1578764153
x
+s
-s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Chemical quenching. LS/H-3 using Nitromethane.
1.1928343521.192834352
1.24118805081.2411880508
1.17784262261.1778426226
1.17133560661.1713356066
1.10553443821.1055344382
1.06291417521.0629141752
x
+s
-s
[Nitromethane] (ul/3.3 ml sol.)
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. [Nitromethane] (ul/3.3 ml sol). Chemical quenching. PS1/Cl-36.
1.1928343521.192834352
1.24118805081.2411880508
1.17784262261.1778426226
1.17133560661.1713356066
1.10553443821.1055344382
1.06291417521.0629141752
x
+s
-s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Chemical quenching.PS1/Cl-36 using nitromethane.
1.30472138671.3047213867
1.31026060241.3102606024
1.29216128721.2921612872
1.26318357031.2631835703
1.23658516141.2365851614
1.23398835631.2339883563
x
+s
-s
[Nitromethane] (ul/3.3 ml sol.)
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. [Nitromethane] (ul/3.3 ml sol). Chemical quenching. PS/Cl-36.
1.30472138671.3047213867
1.31026060241.3102606024
1.29216128721.2921612872
1.26318357031.2631835703
1.23658516141.2365851614
1.23398835631.2339883563
x
+s
-s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Chemical quenching. PS2/Cl-36 using nitromethane.
1.26019799051.2601979905
1.28168085691.2816808569
1.15388428181.1538842818
1.16193425671.1619342567
1.05544814571.0554481457
0.95677482780.9567748278
x
+s
-s
[Nitromethane] (ul/3.3 ml sol.)
Efficiency %
Efficiency %. vs. [Nitromethane] (ul/3.3 ml sol). Chemical quenching. LS/Cl-36.
1.26019799051.2601979905
1.28168085691.2816808569
1.15388428181.1538842818
1.16193425671.1619342567
1.05544814571.0554481457
0.95677482780.9567748278
x
+s
-s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Chemical quenching. LS/Cl-36 using nitromethane.
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Color quenching.
141924293439444954
590 610 630 650 670SQP
Effi
cien
cy %
Colour Quenching.Methyl Orange : 0 – 0.014 g/L
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 13
36Cl PSm 120 – 180 µm
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10000
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
x 10-3
Channels
Effi
cien
cy %
Normalized detection efficiency spectra of Cl-36 in PS1 with and without quenching agent.
0 g/l Methyl orange0.0023 g/l0.0046 g/l0.0092 g/l0.0115 g/l0.0138 g/l
EFF Quenching parameter (SQP)
Direct radionuclide determinations - Calibration
Gráfico2
678.785805805801.1928343521.192834352
644.036806806801.02876235461.0287623546
623.180.87884920670.8788492067
612.090.76504942960.7650494296
598.570.64399844090.6439984409
593.470.56593489230.5659348923
x
+s
-s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Color quenching.
57.0383208234
34.143234521
49.4666933106
18.8197757313
46.0379844796
34.143234521
49.4666933106
18.8197757313
35.625592822
28.2848614118
21.0989268223
16.7737207668
Efic % Vópt NarM
Ventana Óptima:
SistemaMax.InicioFinEficienciaBlancosFigura de méritoH-3Promedio de los blancos:
InterferenteCP1CP2CL
CP1/H-30.555831760.46390.38720.5558Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)
NaCl0.44040.00850.33660.007121.89460.2601
CP2/H-30.3323462050.36270.39620.3323Nitrometano0.47980.00930.33670.007422.83070.2715
Glicerina0.43890.00880.35420.007622.92930.2739
CL/H-31429.1117522.4030.35121429.1BaCl20.47940.00910.37660.007921.10970.2523
Naranja de metilo0.48180.00910.37670.007722.87540.2716
CP1/Cl-361597742861544.880.126115977Promedio0.46410.00900.35620.007622.32790.2659
CP2/Cl-3613510417647493280.180113510Cl-36Promedio de los blancos:
InterferenteCP1CP2CL
CL/Cl-361319450266036.9640.103613194Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)
NaCl59.00231.207962.69611.258960.76071.2345
Nitrometano57.14521.233665.76181.351363.29231.3255
Glicerina52.75931.126862.10811.289561.02111.2512
Aplicando la ventana óptima (figura de mérito) se calculan las nuevas eficiencias %.BaCl258.95641.207866.97451.315660.20311.2292
Naranja de metilo57.32841.187966.25431.308362.65001.2607
SistemaPromedio57.03831.192864.75891.304761.58541.2602
CP1/H-3[NarM] x10-3 (g/l)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPEff(ópt) %CP2/H-3[NarM] x10-3 (g/l)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPEficiencia (ópt) %CL/H-3[NarM] x10-3(g/l)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPEficiencia (ópt) %
00.46410.0090672.67000.464062919900.35620.0076740.320.3562022.54600.2681742.2222.5460
2.300.36450.0076650.69000.36452735762.300.30230.0067699.790.30232.3018.24680.2176711.0318.2468
4.600.27440.0063627.86000.27442342384.600.25490.0060678.120.25494.6014.49910.1739682.7014.4991
9.200.19430.0051603.80000.19434550469.200.16250.0046645.980.16259.2010.34700.1254655.9410.3470
11.500.15480.0045594.78000.154832978811.500.13150.0041650.840.131511.507.67890.0942617.317.6789
13.800.15590.0045591.42000.155918419513.800.13470.0041644.480.134713.807.31680.0899609.947.3168
Promedio (X)0.2680623.5367Promedio (X)0.2237676.58830.2237Promedio (X)13.4391669.856713.4391
S(X)0.125432.9182S(X)0.094738.03470.0947S(X)6.122152.23316.1221
+S0.3934656.4549+S0.3184714.62300.3184+S19.5611722.089819.5611
-S0.1426590.6185-S0.1289638.55370.1289-S7.3170617.62367.3170
x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s
00.26800.39340.142600.22370.31840.1289013.439119.56117.3170
140.26800.39340.1426140.22370.31840.12891413.439119.56117.3170
x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s
5850.26800.39340.14266400.22370.31840.128960513.439119.56117.3170
6950.26800.39340.14267450.22370.31840.128974513.439119.56117.3170
CP1/Cl-36[NarM] x10-3(g/l)Eficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPCP2/Cl-36[NarM] x10-3(g/l)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPCL/Cl-36[NarM] x10-3(g/l)Eficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQP
057.03831.1928678.7857.0383064.75891.3047732.3864.7589061.53191.2581741.4961.5319
2.3046.03801.0288644.0346.03802.3056.65951.1791703.2656.65952.3056.66041.1781708.7956.6604
4.6035.62560.8788623.1835.62564.6051.60031.1093683.3751.60034.6048.15291.0604687.9748.1529
9.2028.28490.7650612.0928.28499.2037.62500.9095653.0137.62509.2024.38280.7008637.4924.3828
11.5021.09890.6440598.5721.098911.5028.13460.7634657.9328.134611.5019.35400.6134625.7819.3540
13.8016.77370.5659593.4716.773713.8022.83890.6769662.5422.838913.8013.01230.4923616.1913.0123
Promedio (X)34.1432625.0200Promedio (X)43.6029682.0817Promedio (X)37.1824669.6183
S(X)15.323531.9909S(X)16.662330.9530S(X)20.777550.6860
+S49.4667657.0109+S60.2652713.0347+S57.9599720.3043
-S18.8198593.0291-S26.9406651.1287-S16.4049618.9323
x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s
034.143249.466718.8198043.602960.265226.9406037.182457.959916.4049
1434.143249.466718.81981443.602960.265226.94061437.182457.959916.4049
x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s
58034.143249.466718.819865043.602960.265226.940661037.182457.959916.4049
68034.143249.466718.819874043.602960.265226.940674537.182457.959916.4049
Efic % Vópt NarM
0.00896300260.0089630026
0.00756063260.0075606326
0.00631745260.0063174526
0.00511848780.0051184878
0.00447500440.0044750044
0.00447118520.0044711852
x
+s
-s
[Methyl orange] (x10-3 g/l)
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. [Methyl orange] (g/l). Color quenching. PS1/H-3.
0.00896300260.0089630026
0.00756063260.0075606326
0.00631745260.0063174526
0.00511848780.0051184878
0.00447500440.0044750044
0.00447118520.0044711852
x
+s
-s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP.Color quenching.
0.00755883330.0075588333
0.00670726070.0067072607
0.00603154970.0060315497
0.00460770730.0046077073
0.00408972270.0040897227
0.004140890.00414089
x
+s
-s
[Methyl orange] (x10-3 g/l)
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. [Methyl orange] (g/l). Color quenching. PS2/H-3.
0.00755883330.0075588333
0.00670726070.0067072607
0.00603154970.0060315497
0.00460770730.0046077073
0.00408972270.0040897227
0.004140890.00414089
x
+s
-s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Color quenching. PS2/H-3 using methyl orange.
0.26814032760.2681403276
0.21763577910.2176357791
0.17387434490.1738743449
0.12535551360.1253555136
0.09415053920.0941505392
0.08991520240.0899152024
x
+s
-s
[Methyl orange] (x10-3 g/l)
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. [Methyl orange] (g/l). Color quenching. LS/H-3.
0.26814032760.2681403276
0.21763577910.2176357791
0.17387434490.1738743449
0.12535551360.1253555136
0.09415053920.0941505392
0.08991520240.0899152024
x
+s
-s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Color quenching.LS/H-3 using methyl orange.
1.1928343521.192834352
1.02876235461.0287623546
0.87884920670.8788492067
0.76504942960.7650494296
0.64399844090.6439984409
0.56593489230.5659348923
x
+s
-s
[Methyl orange] (x10-3 g/l)
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. [Methyl Orange] (g/l). Color quenching. PS1/Cl-36.
1.1928343521.192834352
1.02876235461.0287623546
0.87884920670.8788492067
0.76504942960.7650494296
0.64399844090.6439984409
0.56593489230.5659348923
x
+s
-s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Color quenching.
1.30472138671.3047213867
1.17911609641.1791160964
1.10932435741.1093243574
0.90951734410.9095173441
0.76343968410.7634396841
0.67687041260.6768704126
x
+s
-s
[Methyl orange] (x10-3 g/l)
Efficiency %
Efficiency %vs. [Methyl orange] (g/l). Color quenching. PS2/Cl-36.
1.30472138671.3047213867
1.17911609641.1791160964
1.10932435741.1093243574
0.90951734410.9095173441
0.76343968410.7634396841
0.67687041260.6768704126
x
+s
-s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Color quenching. PS2/Cl-36 using methyl orange.
1.25811421411.2581142141
1.17805989661.1780598966
1.06043597081.0604359708
0.70079720820.7007972082
0.61337826880.6133782688
0.49233229290.4923322929
x
+s
-s
[Methyl orange] (x10-3 g/l)
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. [methyl orange] (g/l). Color quenching. LS/Cl-36.
1.25811421411.2581142141
1.17805989661.1780598966
1.06043597081.0604359708
0.70079720820.7007972082
0.61337826880.6133782688
0.49233229290.4923322929
x
+s
-s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Color quenching. LS/Cl-36 using methyl orange.
Particle Quenching.
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 14
Particle Quenching EFFSpectra position ~ slightly changeEFF Quenching Parameter (density)
0,330,350,370,390,410,430,450,470,49
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4
Effic
ienc
y %
[BaCl2] (M)
Efficiency % vs. [BaCl2] (M). Particle quenching.
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.01
ChannelsE
ffici
ency
%
Espectros normalizados activos de H-3 en el CP1 con y sin interferente.
0 M BaCl20.3 M0.7 M1.4 M
BaCl2 : 0 – 1.4 M
SQP 671 ± 3
3H PSm 120 – 180 µm
Direct radionuclide determinations - Calibration
Gráfico4
00000.00896300260.0089630026
0.31.41.41.40.00861898320.0086189832
0.70.00843144340.0084314434
1.40.00733346010.0073334601
x
+s
-s
[BaCl2] (M)
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. [BaCl2] (M). Particle quenching.
0.4640629199
0.4213469845
0.4706692354
0.3720247336
0.4427074151
0.4213469845
0.4706692354
0.3720247336
0.4278071378
0.3508104651
Efic % Vópt BaCl2
Ventana Óptima:H-3Promedio de los blancos:
InterferenteCP1CP2CL
SistemaMax.InicioFinEficienciaBlancosFigura de méritoEficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)
NaCl0.44040.00850.33660.007121.89460.2601
CP1/H-30.555831760.46390.38720.5558Nitrometano0.47980.00930.33670.007422.83070.2715
Glicerina0.43890.00880.35420.007622.92930.2739
CP2/H-30.3323462050.36270.39620.3323BaCl20.47940.00910.37660.007921.10970.2523
Naranja de metilo0.48180.00910.37670.007722.87540.2716
CL/H-31429.1117522.4030.35121429.1Promedio0.46410.00900.35620.007622.32790.2659
CP1/Cl-361597742861544.880.126115977Cl-36Promedio de los blancos:
InterferenteCP1CP2CL
CP2/Cl-3613510417647493280.180113510Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)
NaCl59.00231.207962.69611.258960.76071.2345
CL/Cl-361319450266036.9640.103613194Nitrometano57.14521.233665.76181.351363.29231.3255
Glicerina52.75931.126862.10811.289561.02111.2512
BaCl258.95641.207866.97451.315660.20311.2292
Naranja de metilo57.32841.187966.25431.308362.65001.2607
Aplicando la ventana óptima (figura de mérito) se calculan las nuevas eficiencias %.Promedio57.03831.192864.75891.304761.58541.2602
Sistema
Repetir experimentoRepetir experimento con nuevas concentraciones
CP1/H-3[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPEff(ópt) %CP2/H-3[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPEficiencia (ópt) %CL/H-3[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPEficiencia (ópt) %
00.46410.0090669.330.464062919900.35500.0075734.130.3550022.54600.2681743.2322.5460
0.30.44270.0086674.60.44270741510.30.37470.0077732.850.37470.35.13240.0650798.725.1324
0.70.42780.0084671.890.42780713780.70.26930.0062729.890.26930.74.80160.0611807.554.8016
1.40.35080.0073668.150.35081046511.40.3170.0069739.160.31701.45.66490.0713803.295.6649
Promedio (X)0.4213Promedio (X)0.3290734.00750.3290Promedio (X)9.5362788.19759.5362
S(X)0.0493S(X)0.04643.86680.0464S(X)8.680530.19448.6805
+S0.4707+S0.3754737.87430.3754+S18.2167818.391918.2167
-S0.3720-S0.2825730.14070.2825-S0.8558758.00310.8558
x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s
00.42130.47070.372000.32900.37540.282509.536218.21670.8558
1.40.42130.47070.372058.95641.20781.40.32900.37540.28251.49.536218.21670.8558
57.04231.1831
x+s-s59.74591.2242x+s-sx+s-s
6670.42130.47070.372054.90511.16287280.32900.37540.28257409.536218.21670.8558
6750.42130.47070.37207410.32900.37540.28258109.536218.21670.8558
CP1/Cl-36[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPCP2/Cl-36[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPCL/Cl-36[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQP59.93531.2188
057.03831.1928679.2557.0383064.75891.3047737.6164.7589061.53191.2581753.4461.531913.23620.4953
0.357.04231.1831671.9757.04230.366.99931.3169729.3866.99930.313.23620.4953790.1113.236227.99580.7625
0.759.74591.2242678.4559.74590.765.68851.3062736.4265.68850.727.99580.7625767.5727.995821.92470.6722
1.454.90511.1628660.3654.90511.465.59771.3036724.8865.59771.421.92470.6722775.1221.9247
Promedio (X)57.1829672.5075Promedio (X)65.7611732.0725Promedio (X)31.1721771.5600
S(X)1.98318.7297S(X)0.92556.0152S(X)21.126715.2865
+S59.1660681.2372+S66.6866738.0877+S52.2988786.8465
-S55.1998663.7778-S64.8357726.0573-S10.0454756.2735
x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s
057.182959.166055.1998065.761166.686664.8357031.172152.298810.0454
2557.182959.166055.19982565.761166.686664.83572531.172152.298810.0454
x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s
66057.182959.166055.199872265.761166.686664.835775031.172152.298810.0454
68057.182959.166055.199874065.761166.686664.835779531.172152.298810.0454
Efic % Vópt BaCl2
0.00896300260.0089630026
0.00861898320.0086189832
0.00843144340.0084314434
0.00733346010.0073334601
x
+s
-s
[BaCl2] (M)
Eficiencia %
Eficiencia % vs. [BaCl2] (M). Quenching de colisión de partículas. CP1/H-3.
Efic % Vópt BaCl2 corr
0.00749908070.0074990807
0.00770873080.0077087308
0.00624407710.0062440771
0.00689997450.0068999745
x
+s
-s
[BaCl2] (M)
Eficiencia %
Eficiencia % Vs. [BaCl2] (M). Quenching de colisión de partículas. CP2/H-3.
0.00749908070.0074990807
0.00770873080.0077087308
0.00624407710.0062440771
0.00689997450.0068999745
x
+s
-s
SQP
Eficiencia %
SQP Vs. Eficiencia %. Quenching de colisión de partículas. CP2/H-3.
0.26814032760.2681403276
0.06500974260.0650097426
0.06110213680.0611021368
0.07126486650.0712648665
x
+s
-s
[BaCl2] (M)
Eficiencia %
Eficiencia % Vs. [BaCl2] (M). Quenching de colisión de partículas. CL/H-3.
0.26814032760.2681403276
0.06500974260.0650097426
0.06110213680.0611021368
0.07126486650.0712648665
x
+s
-s
SQP
Eficiencia %
SQP Vs. Eficiencia %. Quenching de colisión de partículas. CL/H-3.
1.1928343521.192834352
1.18307587661.1830758766
1.22418737481.2241873748
1.16276449951.1627644995
x
+s
-s
[BaCl2] (M)
Eficiencia %
Eficiencia % Vs. [BaCl2] (M). Quenching de colisión departículas. CP1/Cl-36.
1.1928343521.192834352
1.18307587661.1830758766
1.22418737481.2241873748
1.16276449951.1627644995
x
+s
-s
SQP
Eficiencia %
SQP Vs. Eficiencia %. Quenching de colisión de partículas. CP1/Cl-36.
1.30472138671.3047213867
1.31688365591.3168836559
1.30618182821.3061818282
1.30360214161.3036021416
x
+s
-s
[BaCl2] (M)
Eficiencia %
Eficiencia % Vs. [BaCl2] (M). Quenching de colisión de partículas. CP2/Cl-36.
1.30472138671.3047213867
1.31688365591.3168836559
1.30618182821.3061818282
1.30360214161.3036021416
x
+s
-s
SQP
Eficiencia %
SQP Vs. Eficiencia %. Quenching de colisión de partículas. CP2/Cl-36.
1.25811421411.2581142141
0.49527352750.4952735275
0.76247810470.7624781047
0.67219023820.6721902382
x
+s
-s
[BaCl2] (M)
Eficiencia %
Eficiencia %. Vs. [BaCl2] (M). Quenching de colisión de partículas. CL/Cl-36.
1.25811421411.2581142141
0.49527352750.4952735275
0.76247810470.7624781047
0.67219023820.6721902382
x
+s
-s
SQP
Eficiencia %
SQP Vs. Eficiencia %. Quenching de colisión de partículas. CL/Cl-36.
0.00896300260.0089630026
0.00861898320.0086189832
0.00843144340.0084314434
0.00733346010.0073334601
x
+s
-s
SQP
Eficiencia %
SQP vs. Eficiencia %. Quenching de colisión de partículas CP1/H-3.
Ventana Óptima:H-3Promedio de los blancos:
InterferenteCP1CP2CL
SistemaMax.InicioFinEficienciaBlancosFigura de méritoEficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)
NaCl0.44040.00850.33660.007121.89460.2601
CP1/H-30.555831760.46390.38720.5558Nitrometano0.47980.00930.33670.007422.83070.2715
Glicerina0.43890.00880.35420.007622.92930.2739
CP2/H-30.3323462050.36270.39620.3323BaCl20.47940.00910.37660.007921.10970.2523
Naranja de metilo0.48180.00910.37670.007722.87540.2716
CL/H-31429.1117522.4030.35121429.1Promedio0.46410.00900.35620.007622.32790.2659
CP1/Cl-361597742861544.880.126115977Cl-36Promedio de los blancos:
InterferenteCP1CP2CL
CP2/Cl-3613510417647493280.180113510Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)Eficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia)
NaCl59.00231.207962.69611.258960.76071.2345
CL/Cl-361319450266036.9640.103613194Nitrometano57.14521.233665.76181.351363.29231.3255
Glicerina52.75931.126862.10811.289561.02111.2512
BaCl258.95641.207866.97451.315660.20311.2292
Naranja de metilo57.32841.187966.25431.308362.65001.2607
Aplicando la ventana óptima (figura de mérito) se calculan las nuevas eficiencias %.Promedio57.03831.192864.75891.304761.58541.2602
Sistema
CP1/H-3[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPEff(ópt) %CP2/H-3[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPEficiencia (ópt) %CL/H-3[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPEficiencia (ópt) %CL/H-3[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S(eficiencia %)SQPEficiencia (ópt) %
00.46410.0090669.330.464062919900.35620.0076740.970.3562022.32790.2659739.6922.3279022.32790.2659739.6922.3279
0.30.44270.0086674.60.44270741510.30.39510.0082739.990.39510.0520.91130.2586753.0420.91130.0520.91130.2586753.0420.9113
0.70.42780.0084671.890.42780713780.70.32870.0073736.020.32870.118.22960.2260764.9218.22960.118.22960.2260764.9218.2296
1.40.35080.0073668.150.35081046511.40.32440.0074738.750.32440.1516.34240.2031774.8616.34240.1516.34240.2031774.8616.3424
0.213.23130.165277713.23130.213.23130.165277713.2313
0.2514.14290.1763771.8514.1429
Promedio (X)0.4213Promedio (X)0.3511738.93250.3511Promedio (X)17.5309763.5600Promedio (X)18.2085761.9020
S(X)0.0493S(X)0.03250.0325S(X)3.641614.55572.6811S(X)3.623915.62752.6811
+S0.4707+S0.38360.3836+S21.1725778.11572.6811+S21.8324777.52952.6811
-S0.3720-S0.31860.3186-S13.8893749.0043-2.6811-S14.5846746.2745-2.6811
x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s
00.42130.47070.372000.35110.38360.3186017.530921.172513.8893
1.40.42130.47070.372058.95641.20781.40.35110.38360.31860.2517.530921.172513.8893
57.04231.1831
x+s-s59.74591.2242x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s
6670.42130.47070.372054.90511.16287280.35110.38360.318673517.530921.172513.889373518.208521.832414.5846
6750.42130.47070.37207410.35110.38360.318678017.530921.172513.889378018.208521.832414.5846
CP1/Cl-36[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPCP2/Cl-36[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPCL/Cl-36[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQPCL/Cl-36[BaCl2] MEficiencia (ópt) %S (eficiencia %)SQP
057.03831.1928679.2557.0383064.75891.3047737.6164.7589061.58541.2602755.0261.5854061.58541.2602755.0261.5854
0.357.04231.1831671.9757.04230.366.99931.3169729.3866.99930.0547.26071.0540753.5747.26070.0547.26071.0540753.5747.2607
0.759.74591.2242678.4559.74590.765.68851.3062736.4265.68850.138.22710.9226767.9338.22710.138.22710.9226767.9338.2271
1.454.90511.1628660.3654.90511.465.59771.3036724.8865.59770.1515.96060.5548794.6515.96060.1515.96060.5548794.6515.9606
0.212.99700.4952792.3412.99700.212.99700.4952792.3412.9970
0.2516.29440.5618793.0416.2944
Promedio (X)57.1829672.5075Promedio (X)65.7611732.0725Promedio (X)32.0542776.0917Promedio (X)35.2062772.7020
S(X)1.98318.7297S(X)0.92556.0152S(X)20.059819.5628S(X)20.699919.8042
+S59.1660681.2372+S66.6866738.0877+S52.1141795.6545+S55.9061792.5062
-S55.1998663.7778-S64.8357726.0573-S11.9944756.5288-S14.5063752.8978
x+s-sx+s-sx+s-sx+s-s
057.182959.166055.1998065.761166.686664.8357032.054252.114111.9944035.206255.906114.5063
2557.182959.166055.19982565.761166.686664.83570.2532.054252.114111.99440.2535.206255.906114.5063
x+s-sx+s-sx+s-s
66057.182959.166055.199872265.761166.686664.835775032.054252.114111.994475035.206255.906114.5063
68057.182959.166055.199874065.761166.686664.835779532.054252.114111.994479535.206255.906114.5063
0.00896300260.0089630026
0.00861898320.0086189832
0.00843144340.0084314434
0.00733346010.0073334601
x
+s
-s
[BaCl2] (M)
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. [BaCl2] (M). Particle collision quenching.
0.00755883330.0075588333
0.00820453430.0082045343
0.0072585470.007258547
0.00743442040.0074344204
x
+s
-s
[BaCl2] (M)
Efficiency %
Efficiency % Vs. [BaCl2] (M). Particle collision quenching PS2/H-3.
0.00755883330.0075588333
0.00820453430.0082045343
0.0072585470.007258547
0.00743442040.0074344204
x
+s
-s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Particle collision quenching.PS2/H-3. Using BaCl2 0-1.4 M.
0.26586757360.2658675736
0.2586481780.258648178
0.22604895560.2260489556
0.2030928730.203092873
0.16524421920.1652442192
0.17630364490.1763036449
x
+s
-s
[BaCl2] (M)
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. [BaCl2] (M). Particle collision quenching. LS/H-3.
0.26586757360.2658675736
0.2586481780.258648178
0.22604895560.2260489556
0.2030928730.203092873
0.16524421920.1652442192
0.17630364490.1763036449
x
+s
-s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Particle collision quenching.LS/H-3. Using BaCl2 0-0.25 M
1.1928343521.192834352
1.18307587661.1830758766
1.22418737481.2241873748
1.16276449951.1627644995
x
+s
-s
[BaCl2] (M)
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. [BaCl2] (M). Particle collision quenching. PS1/Cl-36.
1.1928343521.192834352
1.18307587661.1830758766
1.22418737481.2241873748
1.16276449951.1627644995
x
+s
-s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Particle collision quenching. PS1/Cl-36. Using BaCl2 0-1.4 M.
1.30472138671.3047213867
1.31688365591.3168836559
1.30618182821.3061818282
1.30360214161.3036021416
x
+s
-s
[BaCl2] (M)
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. [BaCl2] (M). Particle collision quenching. PS2/Cl-36.
1.30472138671.3047213867
1.31688365591.3168836559
1.30618182821.3061818282
1.30360214161.3036021416
x
+s
-s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Particle collision quenching. PS2/Cl-36. Using BaCl2 0-1.4 M.
0.00896300260.0089630026
0.00861898320.0086189832
0.00843144340.0084314434
0.00733346010.0073334601
x
+s
-s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Particle collision quenching. PS1/H-3. Using BaCl2 0-1.4 M.
0.26586757360.2658675736
0.2586481780.258648178
0.22604895560.2260489556
0.2030928730.203092873
0.16524421920.1652442192
0.17630364490.1763036449
x
+s
-s
[BaCl2] (M)
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. [BaCl2] (M). Particle collision quenching. LS/H-3.
0.26586757360.2658675736
0.2586481780.258648178
0.22604895560.2260489556
0.2030928730.203092873
0.16524421920.1652442192
x
-s
+s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Particle collision quenching. LS/H-3. using BaCl2 0-0.20 M.
1.26019799051.2601979905
1.05395251421.0539525142
0.92260725510.9226072551
0.55482480650.5548248065
0.49521389850.4952138985
0.56181115150.5618111515
x
-s
+s
[BaCl2] M
Efficiency %
Efficiencia % vs. [BaCl2] M. Particle collision quenching. LS/Cl36.
1.26019799051.2601979905
1.05395251421.0539525142
0.92260725510.9226072551
0.55482480650.5548248065
0.49521389850.4952138985
0.56181115150.5618111515
x
+s
-s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Particle collision quenching. LS-Cl36. Using BaCl2 0-25 M.
1.26019799051.2601979905
1.05395251421.0539525142
0.92260725510.9226072551
0.55482480650.5548248065
0.49521389850.4952138985
x
+s
-s
[BaCl2] M
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. [BaCl2] M. Particle collision quenching. LS/Cl-36
x
+s
-s
SQP
Efficiency %
Efficiency % vs. SQP. Particle collision quenching. LS-Cl36. Using BaCl2 0-0.20 M.
Optical Quenching.
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 15
1
0 200 400 600 800 10000
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
x 10-3
PSm1-c
PSm2-c
Det
ectio
n ef
ficie
ncy
(%)
Energy (Channels)
100 µm 100 µm 100 µm 100 µm
Low particle quenching High particle quenching High optical quenching Low optical quenching
Diameter (µm) 36Cl(%) SQP(E)
120-180 88.2(10) 680(9)400-500 83.3(5) 737(4)
EFF Quenching parameter (SQP)
Direct radionuclide determinations - Calibration
PS Quenching.
Chemical Quenching Quenching parameter (SQP)
Colour Quenching Quenching parameter (SQP)
Particle Quenching Quenching parameter (density)
Optical Quenching Constant for a defined measurement conditions
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 16
Direct radionuclide determinations - Calibration
Ciemat- Nist procedure.
Energy distribution spectrum S(E`) that reach PSm: Simulation of particle Quenching by Montecarlo.
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 17
Direct radionuclide determinations - Calibration
Direct Radionuclide determ - Alpha Beta discrimination
Pulse Shape distribution.
Time pulse shape distribution of alpha emitters is longer than beta emitters.LS alpha >> beta -- PS alpha > beta.
- Delay depends on 3T concentration.- PS energy spreads faster by polymeric chains.- Secondary solvent (Nafthalene, Disopropylnaphtalene) delays signal
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 18
Pulse Shape distribution.Quantulus detector
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 19
PLASTIC
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
80,00
100,00
120,00
0 50 100 150 200 250PSA
Erro
r (%
)
Sr-90/Y-90H-3Am-241
LIQUID
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 50 100 150 200 250PSA
Erro
r (%
)
Sr-90/Y-90H-3Am-241
241Am: β-spectrum 241Am: α-spectrum
11
1Beta Classification LS = PSAlpha Classification PS LSAlpha misclassified even PSA=0 (fast)
Direct Radionuclide determ - Alpha Beta discrimination
Pulse Shape distribution.Quantulus detectorPSm: PPO+POPOP+ Naphtalene (120-150 µm)
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 20
11
Alpha Pulses delayedAlpha Classification PS improve
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250
Mis
clas
sific
atio
n%
PSA
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250M
iscl
assi
ficat
ion
%PSA
0 g
0.6 g
0.8 g
1.2 g
2.0 g
2.5 g
3.0 g
241Am90Sr/90Y
Direct Radionuclide determ - Alpha Beta discrimination
(A) (B)
g
Tim
e (ch
anne
ls)
Tim
e (ch
anne
ls)
Energy (channels) Energy (channels)
Pulse Shape distribution.Triathler detectorPSm(120-150 µm)
PPO+POPOP+ Naphtalene
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 21
1
Alpha / Beta discrimination
241Am90Sr/90Y
Direct Radionuclide determ - Alpha Beta discrimination
Pulse Shape distribution.Triathler detector
PSm(120-150 µm) PPO+POPOP+ 2g Naphtalene
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 22
1
Integrating areas: Beta emitter: misclassification < 2% - EFF 90%Alpha emitter: misclassification 1 % - EFF 25%
Tim
e (in
cha
nnel
s)
Energy (in channels)
β area
Tim
e (in
cha
nnel
s)
Energy (in channels)
α area
90Sr/90Y 241Am
Direct Radionuclide determ - Alpha Beta discrimination
Applications
-Limited use for routine radionuclide determinations.-Useful for specific determinations.
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 23
Direct Radionuclide determinations - Applications
Applications
High Salty matrices.LS – phase separation PS - stable Determination of Radiotracers in oil reservoirsInstitute for Energy Technology (Norway)Radiotracer: S14CN-
Matrix: NaClO4 conc.Calibration: colour and particle quenching
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague 24
Direct Radionuclide determinations - Applications
0 100 200 300 400 500 600-0.02
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
ChannelsE
ffici
ency
(%)
ABCD
y = -0,5429x2 + 0,9085x + 0,6187R2 = 0,9931
y = -2·10-5x2 + 0.0421x - 17.222R2 = 0.9899
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780
SQP(E)
Rel
ativ
e ef
ficie
ncy
0,971,021,071,121,171,22
density
AA (dpm/g) MA (dpm/g)LS – IFE 4.23 0.55PS - UB 4.32 ± .016 0.59 ± 0.04
1
Gráfico2
767.7061.1828666667
749.0681.1325777778
736.1461.0901333333
724.81.0372
711.0041.0001333333
7770.9823333333
SQP(E)
Relative efficiency
density
y = -2·10-5x2 + 0.0421x - 17.222R2 = 0.9899
0.9528144718
0.9339114009
0.8786976427
0.9501121591
0.7496228568
0.9657193268
0.70581194
0.974760924
0.5878907531
0.9864064488
1.0137640855
0.9862359145
Hoja1
Hoja1
777.154772.0673333333780.03773.866740.848738.362
736.146771.742762.58762.036742.734717.672
711.004773.4813333333746.57735.172741.638727.446
767.706774.498736.334723.89742.858720.63
749.068775.484726.954717.282741.71732.344
724.8775.854723.384705.282751.174732.032
777
a)
A
B
C
D
E
F
SQP(E)
Efficiency (%)
35.7991617933
37.425501157
35.7382136518
30.7692352078
33.1194075002
36.4195717322
35.3739752121
32.7825431546
32.6710428446
29.6548574515
29.9798593987
37.2546292768
34.1456993579
32.573300205
32.6315832245
29.6506934533
37.4095212099
37.7532023354
31.5439466651
31.1777190505
33.3988879349
30.2818218655
35.9012896247
37.8931644169
31.1619145465
29.0849398792
34.7236934188
31.271410882
31.7170450812
38.1951965508
27.7610150352
34.557966963
31.5561495511
38.2411282789
767.7061.1828666667
749.0681.1325777778
736.1461.0901333333
724.81.0372
711.0041.0001333333
7770.9823333333
SQP(E)
Relative efficiency
density
y = -2·10-5x2 + 0.0421x - 17.222R2 = 0.9899
0.9528144718
0.9339114009
0.8786976427
0.9501121591
0.7496228568
0.9657193268
0.70581194
0.974760924
0.5878907531
0.9864064488
1.0137640855
0.9862359145
Applications
Continuous detection.LS – measurement cell: sample + cocktail mixture
- unstable and reagents consumption, waste generation.PS – measurement cell : sample + solid scintillator
- stable – EFF detection
. Chromatographic determinations
. Environmental determination (3H)
Multiple sample analysis.. Microplates (labelled samples)
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague
25
Direct Radionuclide determinations - Applications
O
O
O
OO
O
O
O
O
O O
O
O
O
O
O O
O
O
O O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OO
OOO O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
OO
O
O
O
O
O O
O
O
OO
O O
O
O
O O
O
O
O
O
O
O
OO
O
O O
O OOO
O
O
O
OO
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
Selective Radionuclide determinations - PSresin
Plastic Scintillating resins – Extractive Scintillating resins. Alpha and Beta spectra distribution + Scintillation
no selective technique / spectra overlapping.. PS solid platform to implement separation procedures
PSm Plastic Scintillating resin (PSresin)
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague
26
Selective Radionuclide determinations - PSresin
Plastic Scintillating resins – Extractive Scintillating resins. Alpha and Beta spectra distribution + Scintillation
no selective technique / spectra overlapping.. PS solid platform to implement separation procedures
PSm Plastic Scintillating resin (PSresin)
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague
27
OO
OOO O
Selective Radionuclide determinations - PSresin
Plastic Scintillating resins – Extractive Scintillating resins.
. PSresin: separation step + measurement preparation
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague
28
PSresin
Selective Radionuclide determinations - PSresin
Plastic Scintillating resins – Extractive Scintillating resins.
. PSresin: separation step + measurement preparation
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague
29
. Time reduction
. Reagents and man power reduction
. Waste reduction
. Development in progress
. Cost ?
Selective Radionuclide determinations - PSresin
Preparation approaches.
. Approaches to incorporate the selective capability:
- Immobilization: selective extractant (solvent) coating the PSm or CPS.
- Imprinted polymers: selective cavity on the PSm or CPS
- Covalent bounding: selective extractant bounded on the PSm or CPS surface.-
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague
30
Selective Radionuclide determ - Applications
Immobilization.
90Sr in Water
Extractant: 4,4'(5')-di-t butylcyclohexane 18-crown-6 1M OctanolSeparation conditions: LiNO3 6 M
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague
31
O
O O
O O
O
Act (dpm) Act calc (dpm) Error (%)
Drinking water8.02 8.18 1.947.77 7.66 -1.447.66 7.54 -1.51
Sea Water7.88 8.06 2.298.00 7.80 -2.567.70 8.01 4.09
River Water7.86 7.84 -0.287.75 7.60 -1.947.77 7.72 -0.61
Immobilization.
Radiotracer S14CN in oil reservoir.
Extractant: Aliquat 336Separation conditions: water
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague
32
1
N+
SampleConductivity
(mS cm-1)TOC
(mg L-1)Activity (Bq L-1)
PS resin IFE1 52.1 ± 0.1 13.6 ± 0.3 2.89 ± 0.14 2.98 ± 0.092 51.5 ± 0.2 18.4 ± 0.3 2.01 ± 0.04 2.21 ± 0.063 50.8 ± 0.2 22.4 ± 0.7 1.00 ± 0.09 1.02 ± 0.074 51.3 ± 0.1 39.2 ± 0.6 1.42 ± 0.02 1.36 ± 0.055 51.5 ± 0.2 18.4 ± 0.7 2.66 ± 0.08 2.76 ± 0.08
Selective Radionuclide determ - Applications
Immobilization.
99Tc in water and urine.
Extractant: Aliquat 336Separation conditions: HCl 0.1M
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague
33
1
N+
SampleActivity
(dpm L-1)Activity Calc
(dpm L-1)Error(%)
Sea Water 24,3 23,0 -5,3
Sea Water 24,3 25,1 3,3
Sea Water 24,2 22,8 -6,2
Urine 0,43 0.44 2,4
Urine 0,46 0,42 -6.5
Selective Radionuclide determ - Applications
Immobilization.
210Pb in water.Extractant: 4,4'(5')-di-t butylcyclohexane 18-crown-6 1M OctanolSeparation conditions: HNO3 2M
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague
34
1
SampleActivity
(dpm/mL)Activity Calc (dpm/mL)
Deviation (%)
Ebro river 10,1 10,8 -7,010,1 11,0 -9,210,1 9,8 3,6
Subterranean water
10,9 11,7 -7,011,4 11,4 0,211,4 11,8 -4,1
Congost river 11,0 11,4 -4,210,4 10,7 -3,311,4 11,3 0,7
Selective Radionuclide determ - Applications
Imprinted.
Synthesis in presence of a template.
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague
35
Selective Radionuclide determinations
polymerization rinse
-Selectivity based on steric impediment- No breakthrough volume- Use of generic extractants
In progress: PSresin 63Ni
Imprinted.
Synthesis in absence of template.
Polymer Free Volume – Porosity
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague
36
Selective Radionuclide determinations
PSm PSm-Porous
SEM
Imprinted.
Synthesis in absence of template.
37
Selective Radionuclide determinations
In progress: 222Rn
SEM
AFM
PSm PSm-Porous
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague
In progress: 222Rn
Covalent Bounding.
Selective extractant bounded on the PS surface.- No breakthrough volume
Studies in progress:- CPS - 233U - CPS – 63Ni
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague
38
Selective Radionuclide determinations
Automation.
-Routine analysis improves by using automated systems.- Inclusion of PSresin cartridges fits this approach
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague
39
Selective Radionuclide determ - Applications
Summary.
- Alpha and Beta emitters can be determined by PS (Low beta emitters)
- Calibration by using Quenching Parameters
- Alpha/ Beta discrimination is possible.
- Selective determinations are possible
- Selective Plastic Scintillating Resins.. Procedures of extractant incorporation
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague
40
Summary and Future challenges.
Future challenges.- Selective Plastic Scintillating Resins.
. Procedures of extractant incorporation
. Controlled porous materials
- New Plastic Scintillating formats.. Foils
. Monolites
- Automation.
- New application fields.. Routine control. Medical. Decommissioning. Emergency situation
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague
41
Summary and Future challenges.
2nd International Workshop on Plastic Scintillation in PracticeBarcelona, Spring 2018
Thanks for your attention.
Plastic Scintillators, J.F. García, A. Tarancón, H. Bagán LSC2017 Conference, 1-5 May, Copenhague
42
Plastic Scintillators and related analytical proposals
José F. García, Alex Tarancón, Héctor Bagán
Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20Slide Number 21Slide Number 22Slide Number 23Slide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Slide Number 27Slide Number 28Slide Number 29Slide Number 30Slide Number 31Slide Number 32Slide Number 33Slide Number 34Slide Number 35Slide Number 36Slide Number 37Slide Number 38Slide Number 39Slide Number 40Slide Number 41Slide Number 42