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Power PlantPower PlantDesign OverviewDesign Overview
Presentation to the US DOE
7 August 2003
DieterDieter Matzner Matzner
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 2
Basic Safety Principles
Nuclear power production with:• No credible event that will necessitate
sheltering or evacuation of public livingat site boundary (400 m)
• No need for active engineered safetysystems
• No need for early operator intervention(>24h Design Goal; ~96 h Achieved)
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 3
Basic Safety Principles
Safety Achieved By:• Control of heat production - Limit excess reactivity - Strong negative temperature coefficient• Control of heat removal - Large heat capacity - Passive heat removal to cavity coolers• Control of chemical attack
- RPV penetrations designed as pressurevessels- Low radioactivity allows early access
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 4
Possible Plant Design Choices
• Coated particle fuel in block or pebble• High or medium temperature operation• Direct or indirect power conversion
cycle• Single or multi shaft power conversion
in case of direct cycle
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 5
Selected Plant Design
• Direct cycle power conversion• Coated particle fuel in pebble• High temperature operation• Multi shaft power conversion
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 6
Demonstration PlantSpecification
• Recuperative direct Brayton cycle with inter-cooling• Output to the Grid: 160 to 165 Mwe at 28°C CWT
165 to 170 Mwe at 18°C CWT• House electric load: < 5MWe• Ramp Up: 0% to 50% MCR within 30 minutes
50% to 100% MCR within 2 minutes• Ramp Down: 100% to 50% MCR within 2 minutes• Continuous operating power range: 20 to 100% MCR• Load rejection w/o trip: 100%
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 7
Demonstration PlantSpecification
• Base construction cost: $1000/kWe • Construction schedule (first concrete to fuel load):
30 months• General overhauls: 30 days per 6 years• Fuel costs: 4 mills/ kWh• O&M costs: 5 mills/ kWh• Seismic: SSE 0.4 g• Aircraft: < 2.7 ton (no penetration)
Boeing 777 (penetration of outside shell and not the citadel;nuclear safety not compromised)
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 8
Demonstration PlantSpecification
• Start from full shutdown (RSS inserted) tosynchronization within 36 hours
• Black Starting is optional• After LBE, 24 hours are allowed before operator
action is required• Availability : 95%• Efficiency: > 41% at 28°C CWT• > 42% at 18°C CWT• Spent Fuel Storage: 40 years on-site
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 9
Module Building
SPECIFICATIONHeight total 62.9 mHeight above ground 40.9 mDepth below ground 22 mWidth 37.0 mLength 66.1 mLevels (floors) 11Material 40 MPa concreteSeismic acceleration 0.4 gAircraft crash < 2.7 ton no penetration
777 penetration outside shell; nuclear safety not compromised
Containment barrieragainst externallygenerated pressure &impact loads.
Reactor Cavity providesshielding to personnel & actsas a barrier against internallygenerated missiles
Citadel
Depressurisation shaft
Main Power SystemMain Power System
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 11
SpecificationPower output: 400MWt
165 MweCoolant: HeliumCoolant pressure: 9 MpaOutlet temperature: 900°CTotal mass: ~4000 tHelium mass: 10380 kgNet cycle efficiency: 41%
Main Power System
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 12
Reactor UnitHPT LPT
PTG
Recuperator
Pre-coolerInter-cooler
CBCS
CCS
Main Power System
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 13
Schematic Diagram of thePBMR Main Power System
Citadel PCU
HPT LPT
PT Recuperator
Pre-coolerIntercooler
Generator
HPC
Core
RBP
LPB
HPHelium injection and removal
ICSbuffertank
GBP - Gas Cycle Bypass ValveGBPC - Gas Cycle Bypass control valveLCV - Low Pressure Coolant ValveRBP - Recuperator Bypass Valve
SBSV - Start-up Blower System Isolation ValveSIV - Start-up Blower System Inline Valve
SBP - Start-up Blower System Bypass ValveSBPC - Start-up Blower System Bypass Control Valve
LPB - Low Pressure Compressor Bypass Valve GBPC
GBP
LPHelium injection
ICSbuffertank
LCV
LPC
CRB
HV Breaker Generator BreakerNetwork
SFC
SBPC
SBP
SIV2
SIV1
SBS1
SBS2 SBSV2
SBSV1
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 14
Reactor UnitVessel Assembly
SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATIONTotal height RPV 30 mInside dia. RPV 6.2 mCoolant HeliumMax. helium pressure 9 MPaNormal Ops. temp. of RPV 300°CRPV vessel material SA 508
ForgingsRPV mass assembled ~1700 tRPV vessel mass 1000 t (lid
included)
Small absorber spherecontainers (RSS)
Central reflector
Fuelingtubes
Annular core
Cold gas inlet
Hot gas outlet
Control rod drives (RCS)
Side reflector
De-fueling chute
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 15
SPECIFICATIONTotal height of core barrel 22 mOutside dia. 5.85 mCoolant HeliumMax. operating pressure 9 MPaMax gas outlet temp. 900°CBarrel material 316
StainlessBarrel structure mass 250 tGraphite mass 390 t
Core Structure Assembly
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 16
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Primary and Secondary CoolantFlow Paths in core Structures
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 17
Low Pressure Turbine UnitHigh Pressure Turbine Unit
Turbine Units
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 18
Power GeneratorPower Turbine Unit
SPECIFICATIONTotal PTG Shaft Length 20.1 mTotal PTG Shaft Mass 88 t
PG:Coolant AirHeight (Inlet to Top) 17.2 mMass PG 326 tPG Frequency output 50 HzPG Power output 180 MW , 11 kV
PF=0.85PTU:Medium HeliumHeight PT (Inlet to Outlet) 4.4 mTip Dia. (typical) 2.1 mMass PT 338 tPT speed 3000 rpmStages 10Efficiency 93.5%Mass flow 194 kg/s
Power Turbine Generator
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 19
Pre-coolerInter-cooler
Position of Pre- andInter-coolers
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 20
Pre-cooler Inter-cooler
Diameter: 2.7 mLength: 6.0 mMass: 50 TonnesMaterial: Carbon steel tubes/
Aluminium fins
Pre-cooler and Intercooler
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 21
Recuperator
Diameter: 5.5 mLength: 5.0 mMass: 60 TonnesMaterial: SS 304
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 22
Gas Cycle ValvesHP & LP Coolant and
SBS Control Valve
SBS Inline Valve
Maintenance Shut-off Disc
Gas Cycle Bypass Valve
HPC, LPC & Recuperator Bypass Valve
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 23
SPECIFICATIONMedium HeliumDaily sphere circulation rate 2900Hourly sphere circulation rate 500/600Daily operating time 12 hoursNumber of fuel passes through core 6Operating pressure 1 – 9 MPaOperating temperature 20 - 260ºCFuel spheres in core 451555Fuel sphere feeding points 3Core defueling points 3Fresh fuel storage capacity 70 canistersFresh fuel canister capacity 1000 spheresSpent fuel storage capacity 6 000 000 spheresNumber of spent fuel tanks 10Spent fuel period 80 yrs.
Fuel Handling & StorageSystem
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 24
Helium Inventory ControlSystem
SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATIONICS:ICS:Medium HeliumStorage Capacity 12300 kgStorage pressure 6.2 -9.4 MPaFlow rate @ 10% inventory 13 kgsHigh pressure compressor flow rate 9 kg/minMultipurpose compressor flow rate 35 kg/hrMass of tanks 135- 200 tHPS:HPS:Bypass flow rate 0.5 µmFilters dust particles > 0.5 µmRemoves gaseous impurities:Removes gaseous impurities:
H2 < 1 ppmv00 < 1 ppmvC02 < 0.1 ppmvH20 < 0.1 ppmvCH4 < 1 ppmvN2 < 1 ppmv
HMS:HMS:Replenishes daily leakage 8 kg/dayStorage Capacity 432 kg he1iumContainment 18 packs of
16 cylinders eachCylinder capacity 1.5 kg he1ium @
220 bar
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 25
Equipment
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 26
Equipment at –22 m
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 27
Equipment at –10 m
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 28
Equipment at +7m
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 29
Equipment at+14.4m
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 30
Equipment at +27.9m
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 31
Power Plant Design Overview
Purpose of the Multi Module Plant Conceptual Designand Layout
To estimate the cost of the MM Plant:• Minimum cost configuration for a base load plant• Technical reference for the Business Case• Optimal sharing of components between
modules• Demonstration Plant components integrated into
the MM Plant Layout
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 32
Power Plant Design OverviewShared Plant - MM Plant
– Helium Inventory Storage: 1 x 200% capacity– Helium Purification: 2 systems– Helium Make-up: 2 stations– Spent Fuel Storage: 10 years capacity– Used Fuel Storage: 2 x 100% capacity tanks– Graphite Storage: 2 x 100% capacity tanks– HVAC blowers and chillers– One Remote Shutdown Room– One set of Special Tools– One Primary Loop Initial Clean-up System– Selected Equipment Handling– Fire Protection Reservoirs and Pumps– Generator Lube Oil System & Transformer (shared per 2
modules)
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 33
Power Plant Design Overview
Non-Shared Plant - MM Plant
– Main Power System including Gas Conditioning Systems– Fuel Handling (excluding storage systems)– Reactor Cavity Cooling– Active Cooling– Control and Instrumentation (RPS, PEI, OCS,EPS)– Helium Inventory Trim Tank– Compressed Air – High & Low Pressure– HVAC air circulation– Fire Protection inside the Module– Resistor Bank
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 34
Cut away isometric of PBMR MULTI MODULE CONCEPT
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 35
TRU
CK
PIC
KUP
BAY
FIR
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OTE
CTI
ON
WA
TER
TAN
K30
,000
gal
FIRE PROTECT.
PUMP ROOM.
Active Cooling Pump & Heat Exchanger Building( Single story prefab)108m x 30m
FIRE PROTECT.FEEDER LINES
GENERATOR BRAKING RESISTOR CABINET
SW
GR LC
BATTERY125V DC
LEVE
L+2
0,4
MLE
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+14,
9MLE
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+10,
9 M
LEVE
L+4
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LEVE
L0,
0 M
LEVE
L-5
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LEVE
L-9
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Active Cooling System
Ele
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C&I
Ele
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Layd
own
FHSS
(Ser
vice
)
TRU
CK
PIC
KUP
BAY
AA
Opening @ +14,9m
BB
C
CAS
C&I
Opening @ +14,9m
BATTERY 400V
PTG
LUBE O
ILS
YSTEM
LEV
EL-1
7,92
8 M
BATTERY 400K
C&I
LEVE
L+2
4,9
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PTG
LUBE O
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PTG
LUB
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PTG
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BATTERY125V DC
I&C
SW
GR
SW
GR
SW
GR
SW
GR
LCLC
SW
GR
SW
GR
LCLC
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GR
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LCLC
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SPE
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STO
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(11
- 40
YEAR
EXP
ANSI
ON)
Helium Make-up TRAILER BAY10.8m x 30m
Par
king
Lot
Mai
n Ac
cess
Fac
ility
Veh
icle
Insp
ectio
n Ba
y
Veh
icle
Insp
ectio
n Ba
y
Dou
ble
Secu
rity
Fenc
e 10
80m
x 2
FRE
SH
FUE
LS
TORA
GE
FAC
ILIT
Y
12
34
56
78
Active Cooling System
HAT
CHE
LS
TEPS
HAT
CHE
LS
TEPS
HAT
CHE
LS
TEPS
HAT
CHE
LS
TEPS
Saf
ety
Rel
ated
Die
sel
Pow
erG
ener
ator
Saf
ety
Rel
ated
Die
sel
Pow
erG
ener
ator
(FUTURE) (FUTURE)
SW
GR LCLC
SW
GR
SW
GR LCLC
SW
GR
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GR LCLC
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GR
NO
TE:
ALL
EXT
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L W
ALL
THIC
KNE
SSES
TO
BE
1000
mm
DRA
WIN
G S
HOW
S 15
00m
m
MM Plant - plan view
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 36
MM Plant – side view
Reactor UnitHPTLPTPTG SF Tanks
Laydown area
Presentation: US DOE - D Matzner 37
MM Plant Shared Area- side view