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transcript
8/3/2019 Prelim Lecture Spirituality
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SPIRITUALITY
OF SOCIAL
TRANSFORMATION
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DEFINITION OF SPIRITUALITY
“refers to any
religious or ethicalvalue i.e.
concretized as anattitude or spirit from
which one’s actionflow”
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For Better Understanding…
SPIRITUALITY
FAITH ACTION
“Faith without good works is dead”
signifies a certain kind of unity
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Kinds of Spirituality
1. ZEN SPIRITUALITY - a major school of Buddhism originating in 12th century China that
emphasizes enlightenment through meditation and insight
2. BUDDHISM SPIRITUALITY - a world religion or philosophy based on the teaching
of the Buddha and holding that a state of enlightenment
can be attained by suppressing worldly desires
3. JEWISH SPIRITUALITY - related to the practices of Judaism
- belonging or relating to a people descended from the ancient Hebrews or the Jews
4. MUSLIM SPIRITUALITY - somebody who believes in and practices Islam
5. CHRISTIAN SPIRITUALITY - somebody who believes that Jesus Christ was sent to the world by God to save humanity, and who tries to follow
his teachings and example N.B.
THE focus of our discussion is the Spirituality
according to the Christian tradition and practice.
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Spirituality is NOT
only for the olderpeople
Scope of Spirituality
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…to the students who
•have the habit of writing words or symbols of
praises at the top of their test
paper as a sign of offering or
probably adoration to God.
• wear or keep religious articles
as their way of connecting
with God.
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…to the teachers who
•have their own unique way of
manifesting their prayer life in
their work.
•become more prayerful as they approach aparticular class or group pf students.
• have the habit or ritual of offering mass and
prayers at the beginning and end of every
semester as a sign of deliverance and
thanksgiving.
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Indeed… Spirituality is a part of life for many
people of different walks of life
“…that the practiced of devotion should be
adapted to each person according to his/her duties and occupation.”
St. Frances de Sales
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1. PRAYER TRADITIONALLY defined as…
“lifting up of our heart
and mind to God.”
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PRAYER
is not only lifting of our heart and mind but it is also listening and waiting to God.
has two way process:a. God’s action
b. our participation
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PRAYER
that is why it is best described as “ conversation with God”
means: speaking and listening to God
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A. VOCAL PRAYER
- is the act of expressing thethoughts and concerns of our
hearts to God through the use of
our own words.
e.g. OUR FATHER, HAIL
MARY, GLORY BE etc.
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B. MENTAL PRAYER
- a prayer wherein we use our
mind and imagination to unite
ourselves with God.
e.g. meditation, examination
of conscience etc.
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C. CONTEMPLATION
- A prayer of loving attentiveness
to God’s mysterious presence.
While mental prayer is more of
the active use of our imagination
and mind, contemplative prayer is more quiet, receptive and
affective. It is a prayer of the
heart.
e.g. 30 day prayer retreat ofthe priest and religious
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D. LITURGICAL PRAYER
- a prayer of the church gathered in worship and praise of God. The
most important liturgical prayer
for the Catholics is the Mass or the Eucharist.
- other liturgical prayer is the liturgy of the hours or
“breviary”; prayer meeting; para-liturgical prayers.
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Elements of Prayer
2. Sacrificial – Spiritual Discipline
“Sacrifice is always a part of
Authentic ChristianSpirituality.”
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Elements of Prayer
2. Sacrificial – Spiritual Discipline
In Modern times, it is understood in a very negative way. It is conceived as hassle,
hindrance, obstacle, and an opponent of
happiness and joy.
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Elements of Prayer
2. Sacrificial – Spiritual Discipline
SACRIFICE comes from the Latin
word:•Sacra means HOLY or SACRED
•Facere means TO DO or TO ACT
In short, it is simply meansHOLY ACTION or SACRED ACTION
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Elements of Prayer
2. Sacrificial – Spiritual Discipline
Furthermore…
Sacrifice are means that can lead us to become good or become
holy . They are not really a
hindrance or obstacle to joy andhappiness.
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Elements of Prayer
2. Sacrificial – Spiritual Discipline
Sacrifice as spiritual discipline istraditionally termed as
“ASCETICISM” comes from theGreek word ASKESIS which
meansathletic exercise or practice
By definition it is “a self -denying way of life”
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Elements of Prayer
2. Sacrificial – Spiritual Discipline
Different Kinds of Spiritual Discipline
a.FASTING• simply means not to eat foods for a day or a meal.
• History of Christianity: practiced as a way of uniting
oneself with the suffering Jesus and as a preparation for prayer.
• Vat. II, 1964 : P. Paul VI reduced the time for fasting
into one hour before Holy Communion and moderately
fast on Ash Wed and Good Friday.• Today, many Christians are rediscovering fasting both
as discipline for prayer and a way of entering into
solidarity with the hungry and the poor.
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Elements of Prayer
2. Sacrificial – Spiritual Discipline
Different Kinds of Spiritual Discipline
b. ABSTINENCE• a practice of refraining from eating meat
• today, this practice is very popular especially for those who want to reduced in weight.
• but abstinence was originally a spiritual act
• It is a way of disciplining the spirit
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Elements of Prayer
2. Sacrificial – Spiritual Discipline
Different Kinds of Spiritual Discipline
c. SOLITUDE, RETREAT AND RECOLLECTION• SOLITUDE means to find a time and place to be alone
before God.
• In the history of spirituality, DESERT is a symbol of SOLITUDE.
• Today, many of us are already engrossed and blinded
by the busy, noisy, and artificial offering of the urban
world.• SOLITUDE can help us open ourselves to God who
speaks to us in silence and in the beauty of creation.
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Elements of Prayer
2. Sacrificial – Spiritual Discipline
Different Kinds of Spiritual Discipline
c. SOLITUDE, RETREAT AND RECOLLECTION
• RETREAT is an extended version of solitude
• Normally happens in three days.
• RECOLLECTION normally happens
in in ONE to TWO days.
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Elements of Prayer
2. Sacrificial – Spiritual Discipline
Different Kinds of Spiritual Discipline
c. GOOD WORKS
• A very important element of spirituality .
• e.g. Parable of the Good Samaritan.• Mt. 6,1-4 “…when you give alms, do not let
your left hand know what your right hand is
doing…so that your almsgiving may be insecret. And your Father who sees in secret will repay you.”
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SPIRITUALITY AND
HOLINESS
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SPIRITUALITY AND HOLINESS
a scary thing to talk about…
Reasons:
a. worldly concept of holiness i.e.
hardships and difficulties
b. to become martyr like saints as
holy people and most of
them died a tragic death
c. some of us don’t want to die
moreover, we don’t want to
die a tragic death.
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SPIRITUALITY AND HOLINESS
furthermore…
• holiness connotes impossibility for we are
always tormented with sins and temptations
• many of us don’t want to deal on this and setting aside this holiness “thing”.
• but we are all called to holiness as ultimate
objective of our spirituality
• it is even the ultimate purpose of our life.
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SPIRITUALITY AND HOLINESS
“it is therefore quiet clear that
all Christians in any state or
walk of life are called to the
fullness of life and to theperfection of love, and by this
holiness a more human
manner of life is fostered also
in earthly society.”
Vatican II…
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SPIRITUALITY AND HOLINESS
Two things are being
emphasized:1.We are all called to
become holy or perfect.
2. Holiness can be realized
in our earthly life.
For better understanding…
SPIRITUALITY A HOLINESS
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SPIRITUALITY AND HOLINESS
•What is the meaning of holiness?
• How to become holy?
A di C h li E l di
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SPIRITUALITY AND HOLINESS
According to Catholic Encyclopedia:
• Holiness is equated to PERFECTION and WHOLENESS
• these THREE words can be used interchangeably,denoting one and the same meaning
MOREOVER, Holiness derives from
Latin word “SANCTITAS”
HENCE, it is closely related with the term
“SANCTITY/SANCTIFICATION”
or even with the word “SAINT”
ON THE OTHER HAND
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SPIRITUALITY AND HOLINESS
ON THE OTHER HAND:
Latin “SANCTITAS” is the rendering of two Greek
words “ HAGIOSYNE ” and “HOSIOTES ”
THESE two Greek words pertain to
holiness but of different emphasis:HAGIOSYNE HOSIOTES
Holiness as
separation fromanything worldy
Holiness as
stability in theservice of God
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SPIRITUALITY AND HOLINESS
St. Thomas Aquinas defined holiness as….
“a virtue by which man’s mindapplies itself and
all its act to God”
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SPIRITUALITY AND HOLINESS
•St. Thomas Aquinas agrees with the two aspects of
holiness.
(hagiosyne and hosiotes)
•his definition greatly touches on the concept of holiness
as separation and assigned to the virtue of religion
the firmness and stability of services due to God.
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Plato was one of the most famous philosophers
of Ancient Greece.
the first to use the word "philosophy", which
means "love of wisdom".
He was born in around 428 BC to a wealthy
family in Athens.
In 387 BC, he founded the Academy, which is
often described as the first European university.
DOCTRINE OF PLATO
PLATO (427-347 BC)
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Plato did not believe in creation from nothing (creatio
ex nihilo)
Stressing that actual things are copied of transcendent
ideas.
These ideas are the object of true knowledge
apprehended by reminiscence (memories)
God as absolute and ultimate transcendent reality
above and beyond the world of senses
DOCTRINE OF PLATO
Philosophy of Plato
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In order to arrange the world,God employs a “craftsman” known as
“demiurge” or “lesser-god”
His idea greatly influenced the hereticalimpulse of early Christian thinkers.
In short, his idea is keeping God and his
creation, spirit and matter, separate. Resulting to a philosophy of dualism or
dichotomy of body and spirit
DOCTRINE OF PLATO
Philosophy of Plato
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For better understanding…
PLATO’S philosophy on DUALISM
IDEALISM MATERIALISM
IMPERFECTPERFECT
BODYSPIRIT
PLATO’s Philosophy on DUALISM
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furthermore…
BODY
EVIL
SPIRIT
HOLY
PLATO’s Philosophy on DUALISM
VS
-has to be purified -not capable for
holiness
Holiness is only Appropriate for the spirit
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• This idea is very much in contradiction with
the authentic Christian faith
• Christians believe in the importance of bothbody and spirit
• Holiness is appropriate for both body and
spirit
• Body can be an effective means for worship,
faith expression, spirituality or holiness
• No dichotomy of body and spirit.
• Modern philosophers used now the term“EMBODIED SPIRIT”
CHURCH’s TEACHING on BODY vs SPIRIT
ACTIVITY
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ACTIVITY
HOW do you exercise your
spirituality as a student?
What are your habits of prayer andgood works?
Reporting-Presentation will follow.…can be in a form of: Singing Acting
Dancing
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ACTIVITY
HOW do you express your prayer as a student?
WHAT are your ways to strengthen and deepen your prayerlife?
Reporting-Presentation will follow.
=can be in a form of:a. Singing
b. Acting
c. Dancing
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HOLINESS AND PERFECTION
HOLINESS PERFECTIONmeans
As Jesus Christ commands….
“Be perfect, therefore as your
heavenly Father is perfect.” Mt. 5,48
Here, Jesus is commanding the disciplesto extend the boundaries of their
community by modeling themselves onthe Father
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HOLINESS AND PERFECTION
Jesus is also bringing the Old Testament to fulfillment
by recalling a command from
Deuteronomy 18,13… “You shall be blameless before the Lord your
God” or “You must remain completely loyal to
the Lord your God.
• Septuagint (Greek version of the Bible) the word“blameless” in Greek translation is “teleios”
• The same word (teleios) which is translated as “perfect”
in Mt 5,48
• In other words, both Mt. and Dt. the notion of perfectionconnotes fidelity and love
• Same word used in Gen. 6,9 describing Noah as blameleand holy
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•Therefore, holiness is not completely another-worldly thing.
•Holiness is doable in this world, we justhave to be faithful and loyal to the Lord
As the saying goes:
“we are not called to become successful but we arecalled to become faithful”
Fr. Thomas Green also said:
“the just man sins seven times a day-but their
fundamental
option is for God.”
F K l P hk i hi b k
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Fr. Karl Peschke in his book
Christian Ethics said:
“in order to becomeholy a man or a
woman must first live a life in all the
humanity and fragility of human’s
actual condition.”
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This implies a greater
capacity for concern, for
suffering, forunderstanding, and for
sympathy …and also forhumor, for joy,
and forappreciation of thegood and beautiful
things in life.
• Perfection is a goal in which every
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• Perfection is a goal in which every Christian must strive, however this perfection as a goal is not a possession
from the beginning.• St. Paul in his letter to the Philippians
(3,12-14), he said that “he has not yetattained the goal of perfection, but still
pressing on to it…” • Hence, one ought not to be discouraged
by the perceptions of one's shortcomings and imperfections.
• Only one reason to be frightened iswhen one no longer willing to take aneffort for continued growth andprogress.
F P hk l t d th t t i i ft
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Fr. Peschke also stressed that striving afterholiness is a kind of dialectic between
IDEALS and REALITY.Ideals can only be realized in each individual
context or situation i.e. each one becomes perfect
according to his/her own situation or profession
In the same manner, our spirituality should be inharmony with our profession and situation in life.
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Therefore, “being a La Sallian and
health worker, it is necessary for us
to understand and conform to the spirituality and ways to holiness
that are appropriate to us.”
What is La Sallian Spirituality?
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La Sallian Spirituality (excerpts from the wo rk of Bro. Gerard Rum mery, FSC)
1.The spirit of COMMUNITY – a strong sense of solidarity
2.The spirit of FAITH – a strong sense of seeing Christ in everything and everyone as expressed in the prayer , “Jesus may
live in our hearts forever!” 3.The spirit of ZEAL – a strong sense of
dedication to our work and a strong sense of compassion to those confided
to our care and that it may lead us to “touch the hearts” of those with whom
we work with and lead them to God.
4 A practical spirituality
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4. A practical spirituality…
from the words of St. John Baptist de La Salle:
“make no distinction between the
duties of your profession and those
that refer to your salvation and perfection. Be convinced that you will
never achieve your salvation more
surely nor acquire perfection that by
fulfilling well the duties of your profession, provided you do so with the view of God’s will.”
La Sallian Spirituality (excerpts from the wo rk of Bro. Gerard Rum mery, FSC)
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Some sustaining metaphors of La Sallian Spirituality:
a. you are called by God to your work
b. you are co-workers with God
c. you work for the poor
d. through the movement of the Holy Spirit
“I adore the Holy will of
God
in my regard.” La Sallian Spirituality (excerpts from the wo rk of Bro. Gerard Rum mery, FSC)
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SPIRITUAL LIFE OF CHRIST
HE was totally
involved in thelife-situations of
the people.
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HE cured the SICK
HE l h d
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HE laughed
with THEM.
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HE fed the hungry
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…there are still people who believed that Jesus’ mission
was purely religious.
For better clarity as He was involved in economic, political and socio-
cultural matters. Let us look into the Scripture and see how Christ criticized
the religious people of his time.
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1. Jesus criticized cultic worship, divorced from love
of God and neighbor [Mt. 5,23-24]
2. Jesus criticized a legalistic
understanding of the relationshipbetween God and Man [Mk.2,27]
3. Jesus criticized the
religious eliteof His time, the Pharisees,
doctors of the Law, and
priests
who used religion for their
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UNDERSTANDING ON SPIRITUALITY
OLD UNDERSTANDING… • IT IS THE PRIMARY CONCERN
OF THE PRIESTS AND
THE RELIGIOUS…
•WHILE… THE
SOCIAL ISSUESARE
THE RESPONSIBILITY
OF THE LAY PEOPLE.
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPIRITUALITY
an exercise of mortification, sacrifices,fasting and abstinence
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPIRITUALITY
monastery spirituality,separation from the world
and material things.
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPIRITUALITY
characterized by prayer of quiet, ecstatic joy and
union with God.
NEW UNDERSTANDING
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SPIRITUALITY OF SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION
“ A WAY OF LIFE, ROOTED IN PRAYER AND
CONSTANT RELATIONSHIP WITH GOD, AIMING TO
BUILD A
SOCIETY OF EQUAL DIGNITY,
JUSTICE AND LOVE.”
NEW UNDERSTANDING
UNDERSTANDING ON SPIRITUALITY
VATICAN II [1962-65]
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4. SPIRITUALITY
OF SOCIALTRANSFORMATION
thi ki d f i it lit
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SPIRITUALITY OF SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION
this kind of spiritualityis an integration of
PRAYER and ACTION that can LEAD
our PEOPLE[the church of the poor]
toward a TRUE COMMUNITY ofDISCIPLES OF CHRIST.
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CRITERIA FORA HEALTHY
SPIRITUALITY
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1. Mystagogical and not Moralizing
• a spirituality is mystagogical if it leads into the mystery of God and the mystery if human person
• concerned with experiencing the life which God has given us • it should not be faultfinding and condemning
• naturally, no spirituality can exist without morality but morality follows the spiritual experience and not vice versa
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2. Liberating and not Excessively Demanding• spirituality leads people to freedom as
children of God
• it leads us to the exercise of freedom and a
deeper love and understanding of oneself
•it promotes the exercise of freedom with
responsibility
• in the course of the exercise of spirituality
we begin to realize that we are not yet perfecand God is so merciful and forgiving
• and that we must learn how to forgive
ourselves also
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3. Unifying and not Divisive
• a healthy spirituality unites us with
all people
• it unites us with the weak and strong,
with the sick and healthy, with the rich and the poor, with the
ordinary and exceptional
• a healthy spiritual life calls for a healthy human relationships and
true friendships
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4. Oriented to the worldand not withdrawn from it
• a true spirituality faces thedemands of everyday
ordinary life and work
•a spiritual person can perform
his work well with energy,
creativity and enthusiasm
• spirituality must have a
healing and transforming
effect in the world and in
the worldly affairs
5. Seeking God and not Feelings
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•
a real spirituality fosters our attachment to God and not just to a warm inspiring
feelings
• it leads us to love • this love leads us to a different attitude
with regards to others and also to a new
relationship with God
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6. Comprehensive and not one-sided
• in a healthy spirituality the entire person
must be addressed, be grasped and changed
by God’s transforming power
•
true spirituality touches the human intellect, will and feelings, the conscious
and unconscious, the masculine and the
feminine, the good and the bad in us
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7. Humble and not Proud•
humility is the no. 1 criteria of genuine spirituality • Gal. 5,22 “the fruits of the spirit is love, joy peace, kindness….self - control.” • wherever those fruits exist, there the Spirit of God is at work • but whenever narrowness and fear,
hardness and judgment are found, the spirit of God is not at work but our own spirit
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CHURCH’S VISION
OF A CHRISTIANCOMMUNITY
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What are the
dreams of the
Church?
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THE CHURCH DREAMS…
1. ALIVE and LIFE-GIVING
means being “aware” of what is happening around one’s life situation and reaching out to others.
ex. A rich family is alive if they are “aware” of what is happening to the poor families in
their community and they can emphatize with them. And they are life-giving if they do something to alleviate their poverty.
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THE CHURCH DREAMS…
2. Free and Freeingmeans a community whose free members do not only possess freedom but are themselves
instruments of freedom.
ex. In the movie AMISTAD those who are “free” look down to the “black race” particularly the slaves as
second class citizens who should not possess the same right that they have. This should not be, for all of us possess the same right.
3. Responsive and
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THE CHURCH DREAMS…
3. Responsive and
Responsible
means to respond to the call of the signs of the times, not only aware of the problems but be a part of the solutions to those problems.
ex. In every moment of our life, we have the “calling” or an invitation. A student for example,
s/he has a “calling” to listen, study and participate in the discussion. His response could either be responsible or not.
4 Loving and
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THE CHURCH DREAMS…
4. Loving and
Lovable
A challenge for us Filipinos to be more serious in their effort to love our neighbors as a way of living out the
commandments of Christ.
5 Caring and
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THE CHURCH DREAMS
5. Caring and
Community Minded
a challenge for us Filipinos to
care for another and for the whole community, di sregarding “close family ties, i.e. caring
only our “sakop”
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1.WEALTH IS USED FOR SHARING
2. POWER IS EXERCISED FOR SERVICE
3. VALUES CREATE SOLIDARITY
THE CHURCH DREAMS A COMMUNITY:
where…
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Group I and III :
Philippine CommunityGroup II and IV :
Your Ideal Community
Collage Making