FIVE STANDARDS

FIVE STANDARDS

NTSC

NTSC – J

PAL

PAL – M

SECAM

FIVE STANDARDS

NTSC525 scanlines

30 fps

North America, Central America, Philippines,

South Korea, Taiwan

FIVE STANDARDS

NTSC

NTSC - J525 scanlines

30 fpsDarker black

Japan

FIVE STANDARDS

NTSC

NTSC – J

PAL625 scanlines

25 fps

Europe (majority), Scandinavia, The Pacific,Parts of Asia, South Africa

FIVE STANDARDS

NTSC

NTSC – JPAL

PAL - M525 scanlines

30 fpsPAL color palette

Brazil

FIVE STANDARDS

NTSCNTSC – JPALPAL - M

SECAM 625 scanlines

25 fpsPAL color palette

France, Russia, Middle East, North Africa

FIVE STANDARDS

NTSC

NTSC – J

PAL

PAL – M

SECAM

PAL NTSC

Sharper Image (Higher res.) Poorer resolution

More flicker (low fps) Less flicker

PROGRESSIVE VS. INTERLACED

VIDEO is made up from SCAN LINES.

Fields = Scan lines.

Even and Odd Fields = Upper and Lower Fields.

Frame = Complete image composed of two fields.

PROGRESSIVE goes from top to bottom.

It takes a video frame as a whole.

It is used on computer screens or digital TV.

INTERLACED has odd and even lines to create a frame.

Interlaced is used on video monitors (analog TV).

On a computer screen you would see artifacts.

PROGRESSIVE INTERLACED

Entire Image Every other line

Better Image Quality Broadcast compatibility

{frame rates}

FILM: 24 fps (in theater) Digitized film: 23.98 fps

PAL: 25 fps

NTSC: 30 fps Actual NTSC rate: 29.97 fps

DV SD HD

Low End Mid Range High End

DV SD HD

miniDV DVCPro-50 (d) HDV

DVCPro-25 Betacam SX (d) DVCPro - HD

DV CAM Betacam SP (a) HDDigi Betacam (d)

{image size}

Video resolution is fixed at 72dpi.

DV-NTSC: 720 x 480

DV-PAL: 720 x 576

SD-NTSC: 720 x 486

SD-PAL: 720 x 576

{image size}

HD comes in both progressive and interlaced formats.

All HD formats are 16:9.

HD 480i & p: 720 x 480;

HD 720i & p: 1280 x 720;

HD 1080i & p: 1920 x 1080;

Most popular HD formats: HD720p and HD 1080i.

HDV format:

1440 x 1080

JVC – 1280 x 720 p;

Sony – 1920 x 1080i.

{aspect ratio}

4 : 3 (1.333)

16 : 9 (1.777)

{video as digital data}

Higher data rates = higher quality

CD audio: 176 kB/s;

DV: 3.75 MB/s;

SD – 8 bit uncompressed: 20.2 MB/s;

SD - 10 bit uncompressed : 26.7 MB/s;

HDV 720p: 2.4 MB/s;

HDV 1080i: 3.2 MB/s;

1080i uncompressed: 160MB/s.

Internal hard drive data rate: 20-25 MB/s.

{video as digital data}

How much spaces required to store a video?

1 Hour of DV: 13 GB;

1 Hour of SD – 8 bit uncompressed: 72.7 GB;

1 Hour of SD - 10 bit uncompressed : 96 GB;

1 Hour of HDV 720p: 8.7 GB;

1 Hour of HDV 1080i: 11.5 GB;

1 Hour of 1080i uncompressed: 560 GB.