Progress with Laser Plasma Acceleration  and Prospects of LPA HEP Colliders

Wim LeemansLOASIS Program and BELLA Team

APS-DPF MeetingAugust 12, 2011

http://loasis.lbl.gov/

Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryUC Berkeley

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SLAC 50 GeV

7 TeVLHC

Accelerators: drivers for science

DNA

2 GeV

X-rays

Laser plasma acceleration enables development of “compact” accelerators

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m-scale

100 micron-scale

10 – 40 MV/m

10 – 100 GV/m

Plasmas sustain extreme fields => compact acceleratorsCan this technology be developed for energy frontier machines, light sources, medical or homeland security applications?

ΔW=Ez x L

Wish list for an e+ - e- TeV collider ...

Energy = O(1 TeV, c.m.)Length = O(soccer field)

Ez = O(10 GV/m)

Luminosity > 1034 cm-2 s-1

Cost = Affordable

Beam power, beam quality

Wall plug efficiency, technology choice

Key technical challenges for Laser Plasma Accelerators

Multi-GeV beams

Lasers: high average power

Modeling

High quality beams

laserlaser

Staging, optimized structures10-100 TW

Diagnostics/Radiation sources

PW-classBELLA

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Channel guided laser plasma accelerators have produced up to GeV beams from cm-scale structures

C. G. R. Geddes,et al, Nature,431, p538 (2004)S. Mangles et al., Nature 431, p535 (2004)J. Faure et al., Nature 431, p541 (2004)

2004 result: 10 TW laser, mm-scale plasma

2006 result: 40 TW laser, cm-scale plasma

W.P. Leemans et. al, Nature Physics 2, p696 (2006)K. Nakamura et al., Phys. Plasmas 14, 056708 (2007)

1.1 GeV<2.9%<1 mrad10-30 pC

~100 MeV

A GeV module…

Electrons surfing on a wave: controlled injection

Injected Electrons Injected Out of PhaseSelf Injection

Trapping requires:-Tsunami- Boost electrons or slow down wave

Longitudinal density tailoring allows trapping control

S.V. Bulanov et al., PRL 78, (1997); Geddes et al., PRL V 100, 215004 (2008); A.J. Gonsalves et al., submitted (2010)

Practical implementation of combined injector and acceleration stage

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Laser

Injector Acceleration section0.1-1 GeV

3 cm

Supersonic gas jet embedded into capillary

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Tunable electron beams produced with jet+capillary module using laser focus control

A.J. Gonsalves et al.,accepted Nature Physics

Jet density 7 × 1018 cm−3

Capillary density 1.8 × 1018 cm−3, a0~1.5

Energy variation for fixed focus <1.9 % rmsDivergence change < 0.57 mrad rms

Energy variation < 2 % rmsCharge variation < 6 % rmsDivergence change < 0.57 mrad rms

Electron beam can be steered using plasma channel alignment

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5

-6

0

θ cap (m

rad)

θcap

laser axis

capillary axis

High

Center

Low

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Techniques for improving beam quality, reproducibility, control being improved

‣Tunable energy, low ΔE/Elaser e- beam

Coherent Optical Transition Radiation

‣Beam detection and transport‣Emittance control via laser modeLaser EtransElong

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First XUV light observed from LPA beam through THUNDER undulator

e-beamfrom LPA imaged with quadrupole magnets

~ 7.5 meter

UndulatorMagnetic spectrometerXUV

spectrometerBeam diagnostics

XUV light Electron beam spectra~40 nm

Key technical challenges for Laser Plasma Accelerators

Multi-GeV beams

Lasers: high average power

Modeling

High quality beams

laserlaser

Staging, optimized structures10-100 TW

Diagnostics/Radiation sources

PW-class

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Staging: solving the issue of depletion of laser energy

Injector+capillary

Structure-to-structure

laser

laser

Staging

Experiments underway at LBNL Key technology for collider

Plasma mirror

Regular mirror

Mirr

or S

ize (m

eter

)Damage threshold sets mirror size

Power (TW)

Renewable mirrors

or tape

LPA 1 LPA 2

Key technical challenges for Laser Plasma Accelerators

Multi-GeV beams

Lasers: high average power

Modeling

High quality beams

laserlaser

Staging, optimized structures10-100 TW

Diagnostics/Radiation sources

PW-class

C.B. Schroeder et al., PRSTAB 2010

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BELLA Facility: state-of-the-art PW-laser for laser accelerator science

BELLA LaserControl Room Gowning Room

Compressor

Plasma source 10˚ Off-axis parabolaHigh power diagnostic

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Amp2 (22 J) accepted – June 2011

BELLA Laser System Status – 2011 Summer

12 Gaia-s operational in laser room – July 2011

Amp3 (61 J) components installed – July 2011

Compressor chamber manufactured – July 2011

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Petawatt, 1 Hz BELLA laser enables R&D on 10 GeV collider module

< 100 cm1000 TW40 fs

e- beam~10 GeVLaser

• Accelerator science studies - 10 GeV Module for collider, (10 GeV, beam optimization, efficiency etc…)- Positron production; plasma wakefield acceleration, etc...• Applications:- Hyperspectral radiation: coherent THz; X-ray FEL driver- Detector testing; Non-linear QED

2013 Experiments

Lorentz boosted frame simulationFull 1 m BELLA stage -- major advance

Courtesy of J.-L. Vay

Key technical challenges for Laser Plasma Accelerators

Multi-GeV beams

Lasers: high average power

Modeling

High quality beams

laserlaser

Staging, optimized structures10-100 TW

Diagnostics/Radiation sources

PW-class

Laser plasma

accelerator (today)

Collider(>20 yrs)

Lightsource

(10 yrs)

Security Apps

(5-10 yrs)

Medical(10 yrs)

Laser developmen

t

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1 TeV case: 420 kW/laser, 13 kHz (32 J/pulse) with 30% wall plug efficiency and we need 100 of them

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Laser technology: key component for sustained progress

• How to reach laser average power levels needed for science apps?

• Develop roadmap for science and technology to develop next generation lasers:

–Important for accelerators (see Accelerators for America’s Future document)

–Unique differences between lasers for defense and for science

–Will require major research investment at National Labs, Universities and Industry with potential for international collaborations

–ICFA-ICUIL Joint Taskforce for roadmap development

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Novel lasers and materials are being developed

‣Amplifiers

- Rods, slabs, discs and fibers

‣Materials for amplifiers, mirrors and compressor gratings

- Ceramics and diamond

- Nano-fabricated structures

‣Diodes and small quantum defect materials

O(10 kW) fibers (CW power) reality now!

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Major investments- Example: European Extreme Light Infrastructure- Four pillars (three funded at 790Meuro):1. attosecond and XUV science: Hungary2. High-brightness x-ray and particle sources: Czech Republic3. Photo-nuclear science, transmutation,...: Romania4. Ultra-high intensity science (non-lin QED): Russia ???

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Conclusion‣ Laser plasma accelerator science is vibrant

- GeV beam demonstrated with %-level energy spread- BELLA facility aims at 10 GeV in 1 meter- FEL proof-of-principle experiments towards Light Source Facility- Gamma-ray sources, medical and other applications

‣ Collider is still far off but basic concepts are being developed:- Operation in quasi-linear regime for e- and e+ acceleration

- Transverse control of plasma profile for guiding laser beam- Injection control and efficiency optimization:

- Longitudinal control of plasma profile- Laser mode control allows emittance control

- Low emittance observed -- FEL experiment will be litmus test

‣ Laser technology must undergo revolution towards high average power

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Team, collaborators and fundingPrimary collaboratorsPostdocs

K. Nakamura (E)M. Chen (S)C. Benedetti (S+T)T. Sokollik (E)

StudentsM. Bakeman (PhD) -- graduated 2011C. Lin (PhD) -- graduated 2011R. Mittal (PhD)G. Plateau (PhD) -- graduating 2011S. Shiraishi (PhD)D. Mittelberger (PhD)C. Koschitzki (PhD)B. Shaw (PhD)L. Yu (PhD)

StaffS. Bulanov (T, UCB)E. Esarey (T)C. Geddes (S+E)A. Gonsalves (E)W. Leemans (E)N. Matlis (E)C. Schroeder (T)C. Toth (E)J. van Tilborg (E)

Eng/TechsR. DuarteZ. EisentrautA. MaganaS. FournierD. MunsonK. SihlerD. SyversrudN. Ybarrolaza

• LBNL: M. Battaglia, W. Byrne, J. Byrd, W. Fawley, K. Robinson, D. Rodgers, R. Donahue, Al Smith, R. Ryne.

• TechX-Corp: J. Cary, D. Bruhwiler, et al. SciDAC team

• Oxford Univ.: S. Hooker et al.• DESY/Hamburg: F. Gruener et al.• GSI: T. Stoehlker, D. Thorn• Trieste: F. Parmigiani

BELLA Team membersS. ZimmermannJ. CoyneD. LockhartG. SanenS. Walker-LamK. Barat